MySQL主主同步和主从同步的原理一样,只是双方都是主从角色。
环境
操作系统版本:CentOS7 64位
MySQL版本:mysql5.6.33
节点1IP:192.168.1.205 主机名:edu-mysql-01
节点2IP:192.168.1.206 主机名:edu-mysql-02
MySQL 主从复制官方文档:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/replication.html
注意:
1> 主从服务器操作系统版本和位数要保持一致
2> Master和Slave数据库的版本要一致
3> Master和Slave数据库中的数据要一致
配置
配置之前先参考《MySQL5.7安装与配置(YUM)》安装好MySQL(注意本文演示的是5.6版本,需要修改文章中的yum源为5.6)
1、安全配置
1> 防火墙
添加mysql通信端口(默认为3306)
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shell > vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
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-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
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shell > service iptables restart
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或关闭防火墙
shell> service iptables stop
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2> 关闭selinux
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shell> vi /etc/selinux/config
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SELINUX=disabled
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将SELINUX的值修改为disabled
2. 节点1配置(192.168.1.205)
2.1 添加数据同步配置
shell> vim /etc/my.cnf
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在[mysqld]中增加以下配置项:
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# 服务器的ID,必须唯一,一般设置自己的IP
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server_id= 205
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# 复制过滤:不需要备份的数据库(MySQL库一般不同步)
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binlog-ignore-db=mysql
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# 开启二进制日志功能,名字可以随便取,最好有含义(比如项目名)
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log-bin=edu-mysql-bin
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# 为每个 session 分配的内存,在事务过程中用来存储二进制日志的缓存
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binlog_cache_size= 1M
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# 主从复制的格式(mixed,statement,row,默认格式是 statement)
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binlog_format=mixed
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# 二进制日志自动删除/过期的天数。默认值为 0,表示不自动删除。
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expire_logs_days= 7
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## 跳过主从复制中遇到的所有错误或指定类型的错误,避免 slave 端复制中断。
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## 如:1062 错误是指一些主键重复,1032 错误是因为主从数据库数据不一致
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slave_skip_errors= 1062
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# 作为从服务器时的中继日志
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relay_log=edu-mysql-relay-bin
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# log_slave_updates 表示 slave 将复制事件写进自己的二进制日志
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log_slave_updates= 1
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# 主键自增规则,避免主从同步ID重复的问题
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auto_increment_increment= 2 # 自增因子(每次加2)
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auto_increment_offset= 1 # 自增偏移(从1开始),单数
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2.2 Master配置
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# 先重启一下服务
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shell> service mysqld restart
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# 登录到mysql
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shell> mysql -uroot -p
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# 创建数据库同步用户,并授予相应的权限
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mysql> grant replication slave, replication client on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.1.206' identified by 'root123456';
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# 刷新授权表信息
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mysql> flush privileges;
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# 查看binlog文件的position(偏移)和File(日志文件)的值,从机上需要用到
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mysql> show master status;
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+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
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| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
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+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
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| edu-mysql-bin.000001 | 120 | | mysql | |
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+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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2.3 Slave配置
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# master_user和master_password:在206上执行grant replication slave...创建的用户和密码
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# master_log_file和master_log_pos:在206上运行show master status;命令执行结果对应File和Position字段的值
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mysql> change master to master _host='192.168.1.206',master_user='repl', master_password='root123456', master_port=3306, master_log_file='edu-mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=439, master_connect_retry=30;
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# 查看作为从节点的状态信息
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mysql> show slave status\G;
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*************************** 1. row ***************************
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Slave_IO_State:
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Master_Host: 192.168.1.206
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Master_User: repl
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Master_Port: 3306
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Connect_Retry: 30
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Master_Log_File: edu-mysql-bin.000001
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Read_Master_Log_Pos: 439
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Relay_Log_File: edu-mysql-relay-bin.000001
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Relay_Log_Pos: 4
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Relay_Master_Log_File: edu-mysql-bin.000001
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Slave_IO_Running: No
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Slave_SQL_Running: No
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# 省略其它配置。。。
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由于此时从节点还没有启动,Slave_IO_State的值为空,Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running线程为No表示也没有运行。
2.4 启动Slave
注意:要在节点2上创建同步帐户后再启动,否则会报连不上master错误
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# 启动从节点,开始工作接收主节点发送事件(数据库数据变更的所有事件)
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mysql> start slave;
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# 此时再查看slave节点的状态
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mysql> show slave status\G;
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*************************** 1. row ***************************
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Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
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Master_Host: 192.168.1.206
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Master_User: repl
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Master_Port: 3306
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Connect_Retry: 30
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Master_Log_File: edu-mysql-bin.000001
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Read_Master_Log_Pos: 439
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Relay_Log_File: edu-mysql-relay-bin.000002
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Relay_Log_Pos: 287
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Relay_Master_Log_File: edu-mysql-bin.000001
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Slave_IO_Running: Yes
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Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
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Replicate_Do_DB:
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# ...省略其它配置
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3. 节点2配置(192.168.1.206)
3.1 添加数据同步配置
shell> vim /etc/my.cnf
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在[mysqld]中增加以下配置项:
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server_id =206
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binlog -ignore-db=mysql
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log-bin=edu-mysql-bin
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binlog_cache_size =1M
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binlog_format =mixed
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expire_logs_days =7
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slave_skip_errors =1062
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relay_log =edu-mysql-relay-bin
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log_slave_updates =1
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#ID自增从2开始,双数
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auto_increment_increment =2
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auto_increment_offset =2
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3.2 Master配置
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# 先重启一下服务
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shell> service mysqld restart
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# 登录到mysql
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shell> mysql -uroot -p
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# 创建数据库同步用户,并授予相应的权限(只允许repl用户从192.168.1.205上登录)
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mysql> grant replication slave, replication client on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.1.205' identified by 'root123456';
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# 刷新授权表信息
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mysql> flush privileges;
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# 查看binlog文件的position(偏移)和File(日志文件)的值,从机上需要用到
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mysql> show master status;
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+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
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| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
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+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
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| edu-mysql-bin.000001 | 439 | | mysql | |
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+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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这时可以启动节点1(205)的slave服务
3.3 Slave配置
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# master_log_file和master_log_pos:205节点上执行show master status;对应File和position的值
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mysql> change master to master _host='192.168.1.205',master_user='repl', master_password='root123456', master_port=3306, master_log_file='edu-mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=120, master_connect_retry=30;
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Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
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mysql> show slave status\G;
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*************************** 1. row ***************************
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Slave_IO_State:
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Master_Host: 192.168.1.205
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Master_User: repl
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Master_Port: 3306
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Connect_Retry: 30
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Master_Log_File: edu-mysql-bin.000001
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Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
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Relay_Log_File: edu-mysql-relay-bin.000001
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Relay_Log_Pos: 4
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Relay_Master_Log_File: edu-mysql-bin.000001
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Slave_IO_Running: No
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Slave_SQL_Running: No
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Replicate_Do_DB:
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#...省略其它配置
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3.4、启动Slave
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shell> start slave;
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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mysql> show slave status\G;
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*************************** 1. row ***************************
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Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
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Master_Host: 192.168.1.205
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Master_User: repl
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Master_Port: 3306
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Connect_Retry: 30
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Master_Log_File: edu-mysql-bin.000001
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Read_Master_Log_Pos: 439
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Relay_Log_File: edu-mysql-relay-bin.000002
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Relay_Log_Pos: 287
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Relay_Master_Log_File: edu-mysql-bin.000001
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Slave_IO_Running: Yes
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Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
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Replicate_Do_DB:
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...省略其它配置
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4、验证
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shell> mysql -u root -p
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mysql> create database if not exists mydb default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
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mysql> create table user (id int, username varchar(30), password varchar(30));
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mysql> insert into user values (1, 'yangxin', '123456');
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mysql> insert into user values (2,'yangxin2','123456')
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详细过程如下图所示: