必备工具
yum install -y lrzsz
lrzsz（Linux服务器和window互传文件工具）
sz /文件名：将选定的文件发送（send）到本地机器
rz：运行该命令会弹出一个文件选择窗口，从本地选择文件上传到服务器(receive)
rpm -qa|grep vim #查询一个包是否被安装
如果 vim 已经正确安装,会返回下面的三行代码:
[root@centos]# rpm -qa |grep vim
vim-minimal-7.0.109-6.el5
vim-common-7.0.109-7.2.el5
vim-enhanced-7.0.109-7.2.el5
yum -y install gcc-c++
yum -y install wget
挂载磁盘
查看磁盘使用
fdisk -l
格式化磁盘使用
mkfs.xfs -f 磁盘名
查看磁盘使用情况
df -lh
挂载容量最大的磁盘到/data，挂载磁盘命令：mount 磁盘名称 目录，例：
mount /dev/vdb /data
自动在开机时挂载磁盘：
vim /etc/fstab
在末行添加
#磁盘名称 目录 磁盘格式 ---- - - - -
/dev/vdb /data xfs defaults 1 1
Nginx
创建软件目录，方便管理
mkdir -p /application/tools
下载Nginx
cd /application/tools
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
tar xf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
安装Nginx依赖
yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel
pcre-devel 让nginx拥有正则的能力，rewrite等都需要正则匹配
openssl-devel 让nginx拥有开启https的能力。
创建Nginx管理用户
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
编译配置Nginx
cd /application/tools/nginx-1.14.0
./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.14.0 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
–prefix=/application/nginx-1.14.0 置编译安装目录
–user=nginx 配置nginx的管理用户为nginx用户
–group=nginx 配置nginx的管理组为nginx组
–with-http_stub_status_module 配置使用Nginx的监控模块
–with-http_ssl_module 配置应用认证模块（https需要此模块，需要openssl-devel依赖
编译安装Nginx
make && make install
为Nginx安装目录创建软链接（方便以后管理）
ln -s /application/nginx-1.14.0/ /application/nginx
为Nginx命令创建软链接加进root环境变量（方便使用）
ln -s /application/nginx/sbin/nginx /sbin/
精简化Nginx配置文件
sed -i "/^$/d;/#/d" /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
添加systemctl启动脚本
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=nginx
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStartPre=/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStart=/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动Nginx
nginx
或者
systemctl start nginx
查看Nginx进程
ps -ef | grep [n]ginx
pgrep -lf nginx
测试Nginx服务端口(80)
ss -lnt | grep 80
lsof -i:80
netstat -lntup | grep nginx
curl测试Nginx首页
curl -s 本机IP
有看到Welcome to nginx!就是成功了
把Nginx添加到启动项
cd /etc/rc.d && chmod +x rc.local && vim rc.local
在末尾添加以下命令：
#开机启动Nginx
nginx
重新加载nginx配置
nginx -s reload
MySQL
安装MySQL依赖环境
yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel autoconf numactl
ncurses-devel提供字符终端处理库
libaio-devel包的作用是为了支持同步I/O
下载MySQL
cd /application/tools
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
删除mariadb组件
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
[结果1]
[结果2]
……
yum remove [结果1] [结果2] ……
下载依赖环境
yum install -y bison-devel ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf numactl
解压MySQL5.7
tar xf mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application
mv /application/mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.7.25
ln -s /application/mysql-5.7.25/ /application/mysql
创建管理用户&&授权
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql-5.7.25/
创建目录和文件并且分配属主和属组
mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,logs}
touch /data/mysql/logs/{mysql-error.log,mysql-slow.log}
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
mkdir /var/run/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /var/run/mysql
初始化数据库
/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql
–initialize-insecure选项参数可以不自动生成初始root密码。
复制脚本及PATH变量赋值
\cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld
echo 'PATH=$PATH:/application/mysql/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
编辑配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysql]
# CLIENT #
port = 24824
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
user = mysql
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /var/run/mysql/mysql.pid
basedir = /application/mysql
server-id = 1
port = 24824
default-time-zone = '+08:00'
# MyISAM #
key-buffer-size = 32M
myisam-recover-options = FORCE,BACKUP
# SAFETY #
max-allowed-packet = 16M
max-connect-errors = 1000000
skip-name-resolve
#sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
sql-mode = ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
sysdate-is-now = 1
innodb = FORCE
secure-file-priv = ''
# DATA STORAGE #
datadir = /data/mysql/data/
# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin = /data/mysql/data/mysql-bin
expire-logs-days = 14
binlog-format = mixed
sync-binlog = 1
#GTID:
gtid-mode = on
enforce-gtid-consistency = on
# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp-table-size = 32M
max-heap-table-size = 32M
query-cache-type = 0
query-cache-size = 0
max-connections = 500
thread-cache-size = 50
open-files-limit = 65535
table-definition-cache = 1024
table-open-cache = 200
# INNODB #
innodb-flush-method = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group = 2
innodb-log-file-size = 256M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 1
innodb-file-per-table = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size = 8G
# LOGGING #
log-error = /data/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
slow-query-log = 1
slow-query-log-file = /data/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log
启动MySQL
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
初始化root密码
mysql_secure_installation
==========================================================================
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: n
New password: <==此处输入新密码（如果低于八位数密码，稍后会有系统提示）
Re-enter new password: <==此处重复输入新密码
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
All done!
把MySQL添加进启动项
cd /etc/rc.d && chmod +x rc.local && vim rc.local
在末尾添加以下命令
#开机启动mysql
mkdir -p /var/run/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /var/run/mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
关闭防火墙
查看防火墙是否开启
firewall-cmd --state
如果是running的话，使用以下命令关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
重启MySQL
systemctl restart mysqld.service ，或者
/etc/init.d/mysqld [stop|start|restart|reload]
PHP
添加webtatic的PHP的yum源
yum install epel-release
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
安装PHP及PHP常用模块
yum install -y php72w-fpm php72w-opcache php72w-mysql php72w-common php72w-cli php72w-devel php72w-mbstring php72w-xml
启动PHP
systemctl start php-fpm
或
php-fpm ##使用了此方法启动，在使用systemctl关闭php-fpm就会报错，此时如果要重启php只能够使用kill
检查端口与进程
端口
php默认启用9000端口，如果使用使用socket，那么php就不会再监听端口
ss -lnt | grep 9000
进程
ps -ef | grep [p]hp
或
pgrep -lf php-fpm
修改PHP的管理用户
sed -i 's/apache/nginx/g' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
systemctl restart php-fpm
ps -ef | grep [p]hp-fpm
此时再查看，就发现php已更改启动用户为nginx
把PHP添加到启动项
cd /etc/rc.d && chmod +x rc.local && vim rc.local
在末尾添加以下命令：
#开机启动PHP
systemctl start php-fpm.service #centOS 7 使用
service php-fpm start #centOS 6 使用
php.ini 参数参考
date.timezone = "Asia/Shanghai" 时区设置
max_execution_time = 1800 每个脚本的最大执行时间，单位秒
pdo_mysql.default_socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
重启PHP
systemctl restart php-fpm.service
或者
service php-fpm restart
系统部署
核对时区
在进行下面的系统部署之前，务必使系统时间、MySQL时间、php时间与当地时间保持一致，即时区一致，比如都是东八区。
查看系统时间
date
登录MySQL，查看MySQL时间
mysql -uroot -p
输入密码
select now();
查看php时间
vim time.php
<?php
echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s',time());
保存退出，然后执行
php time.php
LNMP环境搭建完成