单例实现的四种方式

单例模式:多次实例化的结果指向同一个实例

IP='1.1.1.1'
PORT=3306

settings.py

import settings

class MySQL:
    __instance=None
    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port

    @classmethod
    def from_conf(cls):
        if cls.__instance is None:
            cls.__instance=cls(settings.IP, settings.PORT)
        return cls.__instance
obj1=MySQL.from_conf()
obj2=MySQL.from_conf()
obj3=MySQL.from_conf()
obj4=MySQL('1.1.1.3',3302)
print(obj1)
print(obj2)
print(obj3)
print(obj4)

第一种

import settings

def singleton(cls):
    _instance=cls(settings.IP,settings.PORT)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        if len(args) !=0 or len(kwargs) !=0:
            obj=cls(*args,**kwargs)
            return obj
        return _instance
    return wrapper

@singleton #MySQL=singleton(MySQL) #MySQL=wrapper
class MySQL:
    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port

# obj=MySQL('1.1.1.1',3306) #obj=wrapper('1.1.1.1',3306)
# print(obj.__dict__)

obj1=MySQL() #wrapper()
obj2=MySQL() #wrapper()
obj3=MySQL() #wrapper()
obj4=MySQL('1.1.1.3',3302) #wrapper('1.1.1.3',3302)
print(obj1)
print(obj2)
print(obj3)
print(obj4)

第二种

import settings

class Mymeta(type):
    def __init__(self,class_name,class_bases,class_dic):
        #self=MySQL这个类
        self.__instance=self(settings.IP,settings.PORT)

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # self=MySQL这个类
        if len(args) != 0 or len(kwargs) != 0:
            obj=self.__new__(self)
            self.__init__(obj,*args, **kwargs)
            return obj
        else:
            return self.__instance

class MySQL(metaclass=Mymeta): #MySQL=Mymeta(...)
    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port


obj1=MySQL()
obj2=MySQL()
obj3=MySQL()
obj4=MySQL('1.1.1.3',3302)
print(obj1)
print(obj2)
print(obj3)
print(obj4)

第三种

def f1():
    from singleton import instance
    print(instance)

def f2():
    from singleton import instance,MySQL
    print(instance)
    obj=MySQL('1.1.1.3',3302)
    print(obj)

f1()
f2()

第四种

import settings

class MySQL:
    print('run....')
    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port

instance=MySQL(settings.IP,settings.PORT)

singletion.py