高可用集群综合实践

  • 主要功能

    • HAProxy服务搭建负载均衡服务器,将请求派发不同的后端服务
    • Keepalived服务实现主从热备,提高服务的可用性
    • Nginx服务器负责处理.heml静态web请求,并将动态的请求重定向给指定的服务器
    • Tomcat服务器负责处理.jsp动态web请求
    • Apache服务器负责.php动态web请求
    • Mariadb服务器提供数据存储功能,存储用户注册信息
    • NFS服务器提供各个站点的数据,保证数据的一致性
    • Rsyslog服务器记录存储各个服务器的日志
    • DNS服务器负责各个web站点域名解析
  • 拓扑图

    image-20191121150023519

  • 实验环境
    image-20191120202040643

    • haproxy-master server:centos7
      • 192.168.20.10(内网)
      • 192.168.10.10(外网)
      • 192.168.10.200(VIP)
    • haproxy-slave server:centos7
      • 192.168.20.11(内网)
      • 192.168.10.11(外网)
      • 192.168.10.200(VIP)
    • nginx server:centos7 192.168.20.20
    • nginx server:centos7 192.168.20.21
    • apache server:centos7 192.168.20.30
    • tomcat server:centos7 192.168.20.31
    • mariadb server:centos7 192.168.20.40
    • nfs server:centos7 192.168.20.41
    • dns server:centos7 192.168.10.100
    • client server:centos7 192.168.10.120

NFS_Rsyslog服务器搭建

  • 配置环境

    • 关闭防火墙与selinux
      image-20191120090008245
      image-20191120090036202
    • 修改主机名
      image-20191120090446388
    • 修改IP地址
      image-20191120090138410
      image-20191120090153321
      注:其余主机均做相同配置
  • 安装服务
    image-20191120091238227

  • 启动服务
    image-20191120091330572

  • 查看监听端口(需要安装net-tools工具)
    image-20191120091425280
    image-20191120091455222

  • 修改nfs共享配置
    image-20191120091623042
    image-20191120091917562

  • 创建共享目录并存放测试文件
    image-20191120092055123

    image-20191120203930140

    image-20191120092318708
    image-20191120092406200
    image-20191120092655170
    image-20191120092828557
    image-20191120092812902

  • 上传discuz至共享目录

    image-20191120204152757

    image-20191120204259044

    image-20191120210332883

  • 修改共享目录权限
    image-20191120093059221

  • 重启服务并设置开机自启
    image-20191120092932233

    image-20191121085535535

  • 安装rsyslog服务(默认安装)
    image-20191120093204766
    未安装则可使用 yum install rsyslog命令进行安装

  • 修改主配置文件如下
    image-20191120093308950
    image-20191120093437255

    $ModLoad imudp
    $UDPServerRun 514
    $AllowedSender udp, 192.168.20.0/24
  • 开启监听端口
    image-20191120093522714
    image-20191120093601845

    SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-r514 -c2"
  • 重启服务并查看监听端口
    image-20191120093811553
    image-20191120093824748

Mariadb服务器搭建

  • 环境配置如上台服务器相同

    image-20191120094701056

  • 安装mariadb服务

    image-20191120095040572

  • 启动服务

    image-20191120095409451

    image-20191121085948697

    image-20191120095335845

  • 初始化数据库

    image-20191120095613959

    image-20191120095646330

  • 为php创建数据库及用户

    image-20191120203430175

  • 将日志传送至日志服务器

    image-20191120102944807

    image-20191120103020021

    *.* @192.168.20.41:514
  • 重启服务

    image-20191120203156678

  • 测试
    image-20191120203224545

    image-20191120203239841

Tomcat服务器搭建

  • 环境配置如上相同

    image-20191120095923972

  • 下载JDK rpm包
    官网下载
    jdk-8u191-linux-x64.rpm

  • 上传至服务器
    image-20191120100631897

  • rpm命令进行安装
    image-20191120100735070

  • 添加环境变量

    image-20191120101014305

    image-20191120101101930

    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
    export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
    CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
  • 使配置立即生效并查看结果

    image-20191120101214772

  • 安装tomcat

    • 下载源码包

      官网地址

    • 上传至服务器

      image-20191120112523637

    • 解压缩

      image-20191120112601446

    • 创建运行目录并将解压文件复制过去

      image-20191120112702873

    • 创建运行用户

      image-20191120112900152

    • 添加环境变量

      image-20191120112923304

      image-20191120113024778

      image-20191120132234725

    • 修改权限

      image-20191120112820901

  • 启动服务

    image-20191120132325649

  • 挂载nfs共享目录

    image-20191120101847774

    image-20191120210638396

    image-20191120135329549

    image-20191120135352713

    image-20191120135308918

    image-20191120102557647

    192.168.20.41:/var/share/java   /usr/tomcat/webapps/ROOT        nfs     rw,tcp,intr     0 1
  • 修改tomcat配置

    image-20191120110359925

    image-20191120110449910

    image-20191120145209106

    <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                   connectionTimeout="20000"
                   redirectPort="8443" />
    ...
        <Host name="192.168.20.31"  appBase="webapps"
                unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
                <Contest path="/" docBase="ROOT" reloadable="true" />
    
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
                   prefix="www.lg_access_log." suffix=".txt"
                   pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
    
          </Host>
    
  • 重启服务

    image-20191120132805260

  • 设置开机启动

    image-20191121090649063

  • 本地测试访问

    image-20191120145255643

  • 将本地日志传送至日志服务器

    image-20191120102643331

    image-20191120102748215

    *.*@192.168.20.41:514
  • 重启日志服务

    image-20191120102838473

  • 测试

    image-20191120133710889

    image-20191120133701024

Apache服务器搭建

  • 环境配置同上

    image-20191120103455183

  • 加装一块网卡用于连接外网(需要使用epel源安装软件)

    image-20191120104632730

    image-20191120104716932

    image-20191120104753275

    image-20191120104843050

    image-20191120104904938

  • 若新加入的网卡无法连接外网需要将ens33网卡暂时停用

    image-20191120133959443

    image-20191120134015234

  • 配置epel源

    image-20191120110145204

    image-20191120134158174

    image-20191120134300664

    image-20191120134339878

    wget -O CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
    wget -O epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
    yum clean all
    yum makecache
  • 安装服务和依赖

    image-20191120134503194

    image-20191120134605328

    image-20191120134715093

    yum install httpd -y
    yum install php php-mysql -y 
    yum install -y php-gd libjpeg* php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-bcmath php-mhash libmcrypt
    
  • 检测是否加载php模块

    image-20191120134812891

  • 修改主配置文件

    image-20191120135437288

    image-20191120134925216

    image-20191120134955003

  • 安装完成服务后重新启动ens33网卡

    image-20191120135724143

  • 挂载nfs共享目录

    image-20191120135536512

    image-20191120210704275

    image-20191120135741541

    image-20191120145641946

    image-20191120210740939

    image-20191120145924755

  • 启动服务

    image-20191120135822937

  • 设置开机自启

    image-20191121090959476

  • 测试

    image-20191120135902886

  • 将日志传送至日志服务器

    image-20191120135956504

    image-20191120140059902

  • 重启本地日志服务

    image-20191120140140191

  • 测试

    image-20191120140325310

    image-20191120140308302

nginx 服务器配置

  • 环境同上

    image-20191120140930783

    image-20191120140948699

  • 安装nginx服务

    • 下载以源码包
      官网

    • 上传服务器

      image-20191120141721477

    • 解压缩

      image-20191120141743035

    • 安装依赖包

      image-20191120141923854

      yum install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
      
    • 为nginx创建系统用户

      image-20191120142100052

    • 编译安装

      image-20191120141808608

      image-20191120142140583

      image-20191120142243144

      ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/aaccess.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-threads --with-file-aio
      make && make install
      
    • 修改环境变量

      image-20191120142343010

      image-20191120142429933

      image-20191120142458780

      export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
      
  • 修改配置文件

    image-20191120142624774

    image-20191120142833094

    image-20191120142905465

    image-20191121092812294

    user  nginx nginx;
    worker_processes  4;
    events {
        use epoll;
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
        access_log  logs/access.log  main;
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  www.lg.com;
            charset utf-8;
            access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
            location / {
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
            }
    
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            location ~* ^/discuz {
                proxy_pass   http://192.168.20.30:80;
            }
    
            location ~ \.php$ {
                proxy_pass   http://192.168.20.30:80;
            }
    
            location ~ \.jsp$ {
                proxy_pass   http://192.168.20.31:80;
            }
    
    }
    
  • 创建日志文件夹

    image-20191120143523982

  • 启动服务

    image-20191120143645302

  • 为nginx创建启停脚本并设置开机自启

    image-20191121091251806

    image-20191121091339763

    [Unit]
    Description=nginx
    After=network.target
    
    [Service]
    Type=forking
    ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
    PrivateTmp=true
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    

    image-20191121091359019

  • 挂载nfs

    image-20191120143849809

    image-20191120144010323

    image-20191120145602515

    image-20191120145548576

    image-20191120145942843

  • 访问测试

    image-20191120144128651

    image-20191120144158861

    image-20191120145131833

  • 将日志上传至日志服务器

    image-20191120151033636

    image-20191120151113228

  • 测试日志服务

    image-20191120151232552

    image-20191120151301273

  • 另一台Nginx服务器做相同配置

HAProxy负载均衡服务器搭建

  • 环境配置如上相同

  • 为haproxy服务器添加外网网卡,并设置IP

    image-20191120155835705

    image-20191120160226996

  • 安装服务

    image-20191120160337235

  • 修改配置

    image-20191120160451317

    image-20191120161113271

    frontend  main 192.168.10.10:80
        #acl url_static       path_beg       -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
        #acl url_static       path_end       -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js
    
        #use_backend static          if url_static
        default_backend             webserver
    
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    #backend static
    #    balance     roundrobin
    #    server      static 127.0.0.1:4331 check
    
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # round robin balancing between the various backends
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    backend webserver
        balance     roundrobin
        server  web1 192.168.20.20:80 check
        server  web2 192.168.20.21:80 check
    
  • 启动服务并设置开机自启

    image-20191120161218965

    image-20191121095626725

  • 测试(测试时为了看出区别暂时将nginx服务器挂载的nfs取消,并创建不同的主页)

    image-20191120162315632

    image-20191120162256191

    image-20191120162056192

    image-20191120162158365

    image-20191120162340228

  • 配置另一台haproxy服务器(配置过程相同,配置文件不同,从服务器主配置文件如下)

    image-20191120163214978

    frontend  main 192.168.10.11:80
        #acl url_static       path_beg       -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
        #acl url_static       path_end       -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js
    
        #use_backend static          if url_static
        default_backend             webserver
    
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    backend webserver
        balance     roundrobin
        server      web1 192.168.20.20:80 check
        server      web2 192.168.20.21:80 check
    
  • 测试从负载均衡服务器

    image-20191120163243254

  • 使用keepalived为这两台负载均衡服务器做主从

    • 下载源码包
      官网下载

    • 上传至服务器
      image-20191120164630715

    • 安装依赖包
      image-20191120165157300

    • 解压安装

      image-20191120165325970

      image-20191120165621104

    • 修改配置文件

      image-20191120170038703

      image-20191120170425002

      ! Configuration File for keepalived
      
      global_defs {
         router_id HA_A1
      }
      
      vrrp_instance VI_1 {
          state MASTER
          interface ens37
          virtual_router_id 51
          priority 100
          advert_int 1
          authentication {
              auth_type PASS
              auth_pass 123456
          }
          virtual_ipaddress {
              192.168.10.200
          }
      }
      
    • 按照相同步骤安装从负载均衡服务器上的keepalive服务,并进行如下配置

      image-20191120170744172

      global_defs {
          router_id HA_A2
      }
      
      vrrp_instance VI_1 {
          state BACKUP
          interface eth1
          virtual_router_id 51
          priority 90
          advert_int 1
          authentication {
              auth_type PASS
              auth_pass 123456
          }
          virtual_ipaddress {
              192.168.10.200
          }
      }
      ~    
    • 启动服务

      image-20191120170853711

      image-20191120170917197

    • 设置开机自启

      image-20191121095739284

    • 查看漂移地址

      image-20191120170958699

    • 测试

      image-20191120171022145

      image-20191120171043027

  • 修改haproxy配置(两台haproxy都做相同修改)

    image-20191120171133583

    image-20191120171157793

    frontend  main 192.168.10.200:80
        #acl url_static       path_beg       -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
        #acl url_static       path_end       -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js
    
        #use_backend static          if url_static
        default_backend             webserver
    
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    #backend static
    #    balance     roundrobin
    #    server      static 127.0.0.1:4331 check
    
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # round robin balancing between the various backends
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    backend webserver
        balance     roundrobin
        server  web1 192.168.20.20:80 check
        server  web2 192.168.20.21:80 check
    

    image-20191120171401702

    image-20191120171221789

    image-20191120171258280

    image-20191120171417394

  • 测试

    image-20191120171510946

  • 将日志上传日志服务器

    image-20191120171643930

    image-20191120171711727

    image-20191120171845716

  • 测试

    image-20191120171917797

    image-20191120172004197

    为haproxy-slave做相同配置

  • 为两台haproxy服务器修改内核参数,使其能够监听到另一台haproxy服务器上的漂移地址,解决服务器重启无法自动启动haproxy的问题(有安全隐患,慎用)

    image-20191121190818139

    image-20191121190744718

    image-20191121190732039

    echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_nonlocal_bind
    vi /etc/sysctl.conf
    net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1
    

搭建DNS服务器

  • 安装服务
    image-20191120192139591

  • 修改配置文件
    image-20191120192258769
    image-20191120200309840
    image-20191120194548238

    options {
            listen-on port 53 { any; };
    //      listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
            directory       "/var/named";
            dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
            statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
            memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
            recursing-file  "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
            secroots-file   "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
            allow-query     { any; };
    
    zone "lg.com" IN {
            type master; 
            file "lg.com.zone";
    };
    
    zone "10.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
            type master; 
            file "10.168.192.arpa";
    };
    
    
  • 使用提供的模板文件修改区域配置
    image-20191120193644951
    image-20191120193937410

    $TTL 1D
    @       IN SOA  ns.lg.com. mail.lg.com. (
                                            0       ; serial
                                            1D      ; refresh
                                            1H      ; retry
                                            1W      ; expire
                                            3H )    ; minimum
            NS      ns.lg.com.
            MX 10   mail.lg.com.
    ns      A       192.168.10.100
    mail    A       192.168.10.100  
    www     A       192.168.10.200
    *       A       192.168.10.200                                  
    

    image-20191120194007666
    image-20191120194222970

    $TTL 1D
    @       IN SOA  ns.lg.com. mail.lg.com. (
                                            0       ; serial
                                            1D      ; refresh
                                            1H      ; retry
                                            1W      ; expire
                                            3H )    ; minimum
            NS      ns.lg.com.
    100     PTR     ns.lg.com.
    200     PTR     www.lg.com.
    web     CNAME   www                   
    
  • 检查配置文件语法
    image-20191120194711032

  • 修改区域配置文件属主
    image-20191120201320583

  • 启动服务
    image-20191120195039700

  • 设置开机自启
    image-20191121100138120

  • 防火墙配置(可选)

    image-20191121164835216

    image-20191121165007488

    iptables -F
    iptables -X
    iptables -Z
    iptables -P INPUT DROP
    iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
    iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
    iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
    iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
    iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
    iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
    iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
    iptables-save > /root/iptables.bak 
    cat /root/iptables.bak

客户机测试

  • 修改客户机网络配置
    image-20191120195637679

  • 测试DNS服务
    image-20191120201511576
    image-20191120201635758

  • 浏览器访问测试
    image-20191120201941842
    image-20191120201930328
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