一、背景
系统：
主库：rhel 6.4 64bit
备库：rhel 6.4 64bit
内存：2G
[oracle@dgdb1 ~]$ free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1863 1176 686 0 13 896
-/+ buffers/cache: 266 1596
Swap: 2047 78 1969
ip分配：
主库：192.168.12.50 dgdb1
备库：192.168.12.51 dgdb2
主库已安装数据库软件，并建库。
备库已安装数据库软件，未建库。
二、配置监听
主库：
LISTENER=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dgdb1)(PORT=1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=rmanpri)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME=rmanpri)
)
)
备库：
LISTENER=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dgdb2)(PORT=1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=rmanstd)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME=rmanstd)
)
)
三、配置tns
主库：
RMANPRI=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dgdb1)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=rmanpri)
)
)
RMANSTD=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dgdb2)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=rmanstd)
)
)
备库：
RMANPRI=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dgdb1)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=rmanpri)
)
)
RMANSTD=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dgdb2)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=rmanstd)
)
)
四、主库开启归档模式，开启强制日志
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database force logging;
SQL> alter database open;
五、修改主备库pfile
主库参数文件（initrmanpri.ora)内容如下：
rmanpri.__db_cache_size=415236096
rmanpri.__java_pool_size=4194304
rmanpri.__large_pool_size=8388608
rmanpri.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
rmanpri.__pga_aggregate_target=197132288
rmanpri.__sga_target=587202560
rmanpri.__shared_io_pool_size=0
rmanpri.__shared_pool_size=150994944
rmanpri.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/rmanpri/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanpri/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/rmanpri/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='rmanpri'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=rmanpriXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=195035136
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=585105408
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rmanpri
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(rmanpri,rmanstd)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/oracle/archive VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rmanpri'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=rmanstd ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rmanstd'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
FAL_SERVER=rmanstd
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanpri'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanpri'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
修改完成后，主库使用修改后的参数文件启动数据库，并创建spfile。
备库参数文件(initrmanstd.ora)内容如下：
[oracle@dgdb2 dbs]$ vi initrmanstd.ora
rmanpri.__db_cache_size=415236096
rmanpri.__java_pool_size=4194304
rmanpri.__large_pool_size=8388608
rmanpri.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
rmanpri.__pga_aggregate_target=197132288
rmanpri.__sga_target=587202560
rmanpri.__shared_io_pool_size=0
rmanpri.__shared_pool_size=150994944
rmanpri.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/rmanstd/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/rmanstd/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='rmanpri'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=rmanstdXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=195035136
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=585105408
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rmanstd
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(rmanstd,rmanpri)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/oracle/archive VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rmanstd'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=rmanstd ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rmanpri'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
FAL_SERVER=rmanpri
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanpri','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanpri','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
六、主库使用修改后的pfile启动，并且创建spfile，再用spfile启动。
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initrmanpri.ora';
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup
七、备库创建目录
[root@dgdb2 ~]# mkdir -p /rmanbak
[root@dgdb2 ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/archive
[root@dgdb2 ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /rmanbak/
[root@dgdb2 ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /oracle/archive/
[oracle@dgdb2 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/rmanstd/{a,dp}dump
[oracle@dgdb2 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/rmanstd
[oracle@dgdb2 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd
八、主库全备
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
backup database format '/rmanbak/full_%d_%T_%s_%p';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/rmanbak/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p';
backup current controlfile for standby format '/rmanbak/ctl_bf';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
九、将密码文件、修改后的参数文件传送到备库
[oracle@dgdb1 dbs]$ scp initrmanpri.ora oracle@dgdb2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initrmanstd.ora
[oracle@dgdb1 dbs]$ scp orapwrmanpri oracle@dgdb2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwrmanstd
十、使用参数文件将备库启动到nomount状态
SQL> startup nomount pfile=‘$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initrmanstd.ora’；
十一、登录rman恢复控制文件
RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/rmanbak/ctl_bf';
Starting restore at 21-NOV-19
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/rmanstd/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 21-NOV-19
十二、将备库启动到mount状态
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
十三、将传送到备库的数据库备份以及归档日志备份注册到rman
RMAN> catalog start with '/rmanbak/';
searching for all files that match the pattern /rmanbak/
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /rmanbak/ctl_bf
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /rmanbak/ctl_bf
十四、检查数据库备份以及归档日志备份
检查数据库备份
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
15 Full 9.33M DISK 00:00:05 20-NOV-19
BP Key: 15 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20191120T192658
Piece Name: /rmanbak/full_RMANPRI_20191120_17_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1048764 Ckp time: 20-NOV-19
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
16 Full 80.00K DISK 00:00:01 20-NOV-19
BP Key: 16 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20191120T192658
Piece Name: /rmanbak/full_RMANPRI_20191120_18_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-NOV-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: RMANPRI
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
17 Full 393.30M DISK 00:01:20 20-NOV-19
BP Key: 17 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20191120T192658
Piece Name: /rmanbak/full_RMANPRI_20191120_16_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 17
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
2 Full 1048767 20-NOV-19 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 1048767 20-NOV-19 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/undotbs01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
18 Full 636.91M DISK 00:01:37 20-NOV-19
BP Key: 18 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20191120T192658
Piece Name: /rmanbak/full_RMANPRI_20191120_15_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 18
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1048766 20-NOV-19 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/system01.dbf
4 Full 1048766 20-NOV-19 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/users01.dbf
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
19 37.63M DISK 00:00:01 20-NOV-19
BP Key: 19 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20191120T192844
Piece Name: /rmanbak/arch_RMANPRI_20191120_20_1
List of Archived Logs in backup set 19
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 6 980617 19-NOV-19 997893 20-NOV-19
1 7 997893 20-NOV-19 998101 20-NOV-19
1 8 998101 20-NOV-19 998911 20-NOV-19
1 9 998911 20-NOV-19 998981 20-NOV-19
1 10 998981 20-NOV-19 1010244 20-NOV-19
1 11 1010244 20-NOV-19 1010463 20-NOV-19
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
20 30.20M DISK 00:00:01 20-NOV-19
BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20191120T192844
Piece Name: /rmanbak/arch_RMANPRI_20191120_21_1
List of Archived Logs in backup set 20
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 12 1010463 20-NOV-19 1037695 20-NOV-19
1 13 1037695 20-NOV-19 1043477 20-NOV-19
1 14 1043477 20-NOV-19 1044219 20-NOV-19
1 15 1044219 20-NOV-19 1046065 20-NOV-19
1 16 1046065 20-NOV-19 1047740 20-NOV-19
1 17 1047740 20-NOV-19 1047788 20-NOV-19
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
21 435.00K DISK 00:00:01 20-NOV-19
BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20191120T192844
Piece Name: /rmanbak/arch_RMANPRI_20191120_22_1
List of Archived Logs in backup set 21
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 18 1047788 20-NOV-19 1048880 20-NOV-19
1 19 1048880 20-NOV-19 1048889 20-NOV-19
1 20 1048889 20-NOV-19 1048898 20-NOV-19
1 21 1048898 20-NOV-19 1048906 20-NOV-19
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
22 83.49M DISK 00:00:03 20-NOV-19
BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20191120T192844
Piece Name: /rmanbak/arch_RMANPRI_20191120_19_1
List of Archived Logs in backup set 22
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 4 956911 19-NOV-19 966107 19-NOV-19
1 5 966107 19-NOV-19 980617 19-NOV-19
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
23 Full 9.33M DISK 00:00:00 20-NOV-19
BP Key: 23 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20191120T192850
Piece Name: /rmanbak/ctl_bf
Standby Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1048926 Ckp time: 20-NOV-19
检查归档日志备份
RMAN> list archivelog all;
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name RMANSTD
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
1 1 22 A 20-NOV-19
Name: /oracle/archive/1_22_1024761634.dbf
十五、使用rman备份集恢复备库
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk;
4> allocate channel c2 device type disk;
5> allocate channel c3 device type disk;
6> set newname for datafile 1 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/system01.dbf';
7> set newname for datafile 2 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/sysaux01.dbf';
8> set newname for datafile 3 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/undotbs01.dbf';
9> set newname for datafile 4 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/users01.dbf';
10> restore database;
11> switch datafile all;
12> release channel c1;
13> release channel c2;
14> release channel c3;
15> }
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=27 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=30 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=31 device type=DISK
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 21-NOV-19
channel c1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel c1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/sysaux01.dbf
channel c1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/undotbs01.dbf
channel c1: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/full_RMANPRI_20191120_16_1
channel c2: starting datafile backup set restore
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel c2: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/system01.dbf
channel c2: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/users01.dbf
channel c2: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/full_RMANPRI_20191120_15_1
channel c1: piece handle=/rmanbak/full_RMANPRI_20191120_16_1 tag=TAG20191120T192658
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26
channel c2: piece handle=/rmanbak/full_RMANPRI_20191120_15_1 tag=TAG20191120T192658
channel c2: restored backup piece 1
channel c2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:20
Finished restore at 21-NOV-19
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=1024943778 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=1024943779 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=1024943779 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=1024943779 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/users01.dbf
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
十六、恢复数据库
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 21-NOV-19
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=27 device type=DISK
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_22_1024761634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=18
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=19
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=20
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=21
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/arch_RMANPRI_20191120_22_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rmanbak/arch_RMANPRI_20191120_22_1 tag=TAG20191120T192844
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/oracle/archive/1_18_1024761634.dbf thread=1 sequence=18
archived log file name=/oracle/archive/1_19_1024761634.dbf thread=1 sequence=19
archived log file name=/oracle/archive/1_20_1024761634.dbf thread=1 sequence=20
archived log file name=/oracle/archive/1_21_1024761634.dbf thread=1 sequence=21
archived log file name=/oracle/archive/1_22_1024761634.dbf thread=1 sequence=22
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=23
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 11/21/2019 18:36:48
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 23 and starting SCN of 1049910
这是正常的，因为还没有23号归档日志。
十七、启动备库
RMAN> alter database open;
database opened
十八、主备库创建standby logfile
主库创建standby logfile
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanpri/stdby01.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanpri/stdby02.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanpri/stdby03.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanpri/stdby04.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
备库创建standby logfile
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/stdby01.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/stdby02.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/stdby03.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/stdby04.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
十八、应用归档
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
十九、检查是否搭建成功
主库：
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /oracle/archive
Oldest online log sequence 24
Next log sequence to archive 26
Current log sequence 26
备库：
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /oracle/archive
Oldest online log sequence 25
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 26
切换日志测试：
主库：
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /oracle/archive
Oldest online log sequence 25
Next log sequence to archive 27
Current log sequence 27
备库：
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /oracle/archive
Oldest online log sequence 25
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 27
查看备库警告日志：
Fri Nov 22 03:16:29 2019
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 27 (in transit)
Fri Nov 22 03:16:29 2019
RFS[3]: Selected log 5 for thread 1 sequence 27 dbid -400525088 branch 1024761634
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 5 Seq 27 Reading mem 0
Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rmanstd/stdby02.log
Fri Nov 22 03:16:32 2019
Archived Log entry 9 added for thread 1 sequence 26 ID 0xe81fefe0 dest 1:
二十、由于备库没有临时表空间，这里可以自己创建临时表空间，并指定为数据库默认临时表空间。