Ansible ad-hoc 手册（3）

Ansible ad-hoc

什么是ad-hoc？

ad-hoc简而言之就是“临时命令”，执行完即结束，并不会保存

ad-hoc模式的使用场景

比如在多台机器上查看某个进程是否启动，或拷贝指定文件到本地，等等

ad-hoc模式的命令使用

#批量查看磁盘信息
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m command -a 'df -h' -i ./hosts
web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3        18G  1.1G   17G    6% /
devtmpfs        981M     0  981M    0% /dev
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           992M  9.5M  982M    1% /run
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      1014M  124M  891M   13% /boot
tmpfs           199M     0  199M    0% /run/user/0

web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3        18G  1.1G   17G    6% /
devtmpfs        981M     0  981M    0% /dev
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           992M  9.5M  982M    1% /run
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      1014M  124M  891M   13% /boot
tmpfs           199M     0  199M    0% /run/user/0

#批量查看内存信息
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m command -a 'free -m' -i ./hosts
web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1982         143        1688           9         150        1668
Swap:          1023           0        1023

web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1982         142        1684           9         155        1666
Swap:          1023           0        1023

ad-hoc结果返回颜色

绿色: 代表被管理端主机没有被修改
黄色: 代表被管理端主机发现变更
红色: 代表出现了故障，注意查看提示

ad-hoc常用模块

command             # 执行shell命令(不支持管道等特殊字符)
shell               # 执行shell命令
scripts             # 执行shell脚本
yum_repository      # 配置yum仓库 yum # 安装软件 copy # 变更配置文件 file # 建立目录或文件 service # 启动与停止服务 mount # 挂载设备 cron # 定时任务 get_url #下载软件 firewalld #防火墙 selinux #selinux

Ansible-doc帮助手册

[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -l        # 查看所有模块说明
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc copy      # 查看指定模块方法
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -s copy   # 查看指定模块参数

Ansible命令模块

command

# 默认模块, 执行命令
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -a "hostname"

shell

# 如果需要一些管道操作，则使用shell
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep nginx" -f 50

script

# 编写脚本
[root@m01 ~]# vim /root/yum.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
yum install -y vsftpd

#在本地运行模块，等同于在远程执行，不需要将脚本文件进行推送目标主机执行
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m script -a "/root/yum.sh"

Ansible软件管理模块

yum

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum -a "name=httpd state=present"
name                            
    httpd                       #指定要安装的软件包名称
    file://                     #指定本地安装路径（yum localinstall 本地rpm包）
    http://                     #指定yum源（从远程仓库获取rpm包）
    
state                           #指定使用yum的方法 installed,present #安装软件包 removed,absent #移除软件包 latest #安装最新软件包 [root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc yum exclude=kernel*,foo* #排除某些包 list=ansible #类似于yum list查看是否可以安装 disablerepo="epel,ol7_latest" #禁用指定的yum仓库 download_only=true #只下载不安装 yum install d

yum_repository

#添加yum仓库
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a "name=zls_epel description=EPEL baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/" -i ./hosts

#仓库名和配置文件名不同
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel description=EPEL file=test_zls baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=no' -i ./hosts

#添加mirrorlist [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel description=EPEL file=test_zls baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=no mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.repoforge.org/el7/mirrors-rpmforge enabled=no' -i ./hosts #删除yum仓库及文件 [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel file=test_zls state=absent' -i ./hosts #开起gpgcheck [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel description=EPEL file=test_zls baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=yes gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7' -i ./hosts name #指定仓库名，如果没有file则为仓库文件名 baseurl #指定yum源 gpgcheck #指定检查秘钥 no yes enabled #是否启用仓库 no yes

Ansible文件管理模块

对于文件管理，我们在学习Linux基础的时候，就学习了很多命令，比如创建，删除，移动，拷贝，下载...等

生产场景，统一配置管理

copy

# 推送文件模块
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/zls.txt"

# 在推送覆盖远程端文件前，对远端已有文件进行备份，按照时间信息备份
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/zls.txt backup=yes"

# 直接向远端文件内写入数据信息，并且会覆盖远端文件内原有数据信息 [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "content='zls' dest=/tmp/zls.txt" src #推送数据的源文件信息 dest #推送数据的目标路径 backup #对推送传输过去的文件，进行备份 content #直接批量在被管理端文件中添加内容 group #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属组信息 owner #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属主信息 mode #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件权限信息

file

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/zls_dir state=directory"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/zls_file state=touch mode=0555 owner=root group=root"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "src=/tmp/zls_dir path=/tmp/zls_dir_link state=link"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/zls_dir state=directory owner=zls group=zls mode=0700 recurse=yes"

path            #指定远程主机目录或文件信息 recurse #递归授权 state directory #在远端创建目录 touch #在远端创建文件 link #link或hard表示创建链接文件 absent #表示删除文件或目录 mode #设置文件或目录权限 owner #设置文件或目录属主信息 group #设置文件或目录属组信息

get_url

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m get_url -a 'url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/3.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-3.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm dest=/tmp mode=0644' -i ./hosts

url             #指定下载地址
dest            #指定下载的目录
mode            #指定权限
checksum        #校验加密算法 md5 sha256

Ansible服务管理模块

service、systemd

#启动crond并加入开机自启
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"

#停止crond并删除开机自启
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m service -a "name=crond state=stoped enabled=no"

name        # 定义要启动服务的名称 state # 指定服务状态 started #启动服务 stopped #停止服务 restarted #重启服务 reloaded #重载服务 enabled #开机自启

Ansible用户管理模块

Ansible管理用户与组，通常使用user、group模块

group

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m group -a "name=zls gid=888"

name            #指定创建的组名
gid             #指定组的gid
state
    absent      #移除远端主机的组
    present     #创建远端主机的组（默认）

user

#创建用户指定uid和gid，不创建家目录也不允许登陆
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a "name=zls uid=888 group=888 shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=false"

#创建用户并生成秘钥对
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a "name=zls uid=888 group=root shell=/bin/bash generate_ssh_key=yes ssh_key_bits=2048 ssh_key_file=.ssh/id_rsa" -i ./hosts
web01 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "comment": "", "create_home": true, "group": 0, "home": "/home/zls", "name": "zls", "shell": "/bin/bash", "ssh_fingerprint": "2048 SHA256:WEMHCpSjxxqFwlzrCk1FqrPqeq6N/SHxL1gFTSqHlGM ansible-generated on web01 (RSA)", "ssh_key_file": "/home/zls/.ssh/id_rsa", "ssh_public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDRx+bCYGh4FqpKoPzyXrR8ef9GwoY6l6QEFQ0+XPynR22fd9Lbs1eUxWDm5aH4ZO8sPaI8a5xmj88Sipwl0FxlQTjD2X/vreZNEDbwFWrbZ24VvPkfPSSWBh5SxLH6pJt8pGQpPVWuLRMx6yOOxRB1hh9bGFzQNg5z8xqzeogTOoI7cxSFZVuUb5affNj8H5mCw2nAvblV+HNhRzbMlwr+9/EWcCWHDnlVYcELHXjpNJcyGB3VFOu1MPkmLaSTcaB73O0eRvZQkYMBePKJC44tvjHihGhvCk9rzh8qvzHxvMgoMD/+0uKAlIwEvOyfAczb7fxllU0rDtbyPtjbuLsR ansible-generated on web01", "state": "present", "system": false, "uid": 888 } web02 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "comment": "", "create_home": true, "group": 0, "home": "/home/zls", "name": "zls", "shell": "/bin/bash", "ssh_fingerprint": "2048 SHA256:IepfOosi2Xm8kfr4nOPAhG3fec6o8kpMnJ0/RwN+0F8 ansible-generated on web02 (RSA)", "ssh_key_file": "/home/zls/.ssh/id_rsa", "ssh_public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDEcO9iDKg4X8ya/y9E0eDelAFMp/rxiDSzW31r+REawaQyF4oywcdIagpz0MTg2BeF2WdaYUmHmtmSTfSOMif26+R1FLcL9f9NYu3io/0388jukcTfyN02diXWgqoKtt4Gbm8Bq8sWE4tX/FSYl42fG6bX1AyDSMzzB7ERr2AD/Y9KuKt7cEXDinGjqTFEXw6+x1wBHpotkUisYiZCci+1Nx4YSznVRBveZTlpxMUYmKgwkUXQIt+RoOYzjgD++0md8O7lwJGgODZkahlrf2pOQnmpS4isLi9or4N+DVnqD+cXb/RjgJzPIJZYazgRY3vtAU9DDqm5i049x/VxEqFj ansible-generated on web02", "state": "present", "system": false, "uid": 888 } #将明文密码进行hash加密，然后进行用户创建 [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m debug -a "msg={{ 'zls' | password_hash('sha512', 'salt') }}" -i ./hosts web01 | SUCCESS => { "msg": "$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/" } web02 | SUCCESS => { "msg": "$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/" } #创建用户 [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a 'name=zls1 password=$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/ create_home=true shell=/bin/bash' -i ./hosts uid #指定用户的uid group #指定用户组名称 groups #指定附加组名称 password #给用户添加密码(单引号) shell #指定用户登录shell create_home #是否创建家目录

Ansible定时任务模块

cron

# 正常使用crond服务
[root@m01 ~]# crontab -l
* * * * *  /bin/sh /server/scripts/yum.sh

# 使用ansible添加一条定时任务
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "minute=* hour=* day=* month=* weekday=*  job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'" # 设置定时任务注释信息，防止重复，name设定 [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='cron01' job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'" # 删除相应定时任务 [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='ansible cron02' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh' state=absent" # 注释相应定时任务，使定时任务失效 [root@m01 scripts]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='ansible cron01' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh' disabled=no"

Ansible磁盘挂载模块

mount

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=present"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web02 -m mount -a "src=172. 16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=unmounted"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=absent"

present     # 开机挂载，仅将挂载配置写入/etc/fstab mounted # 挂载设备，并将配置写入/etc/fstab unmounted # 卸载设备，不会清除/etc/fstab写入的配置 absent # 卸载设备，会清理/etc/fstab写入的配置

Ansible防火墙模块

selinux


#修改配置文件关闭selinux，必须重启
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m selinux -a 'state=disabled' -i ./hosts
 [WARNING]: SELinux state temporarily changed from 'enforcing' to 'permissive'. State change will take effect next reboot.

web01 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "configfile": "/etc/selinux/config", "msg": "Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'", "policy": "targeted", "reboot_required": true, "state": "disabled" } web02 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "configfile": "/etc/selinux/config", "msg": "Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'", "policy": "targeted", "reboot_required": true, "state": "disabled" } #临时关闭 [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a 'setenforce 0' -i ./hosts web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a 'getenforce' -i ./hosts web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> Permissive web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> Permissive

firewalld

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a 'service=http permanent=yes state=enabled' -i ./hosts
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a "service=http immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled" -i ./hosts

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a "port=8080-8090/tcp immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled" -i ./hosts

service                 #指定开放或关闭的服务名称
port                    #指定开放或关闭的端口 permanent #是否添加永久生效 state #开启或者关闭 enabled disabled zone #指定配置某个区域 rich_rule #配置辅规则 masquerade #开启地址伪装 immediate #临时生效 source #指定来源IP

Ansible主机信息模块

为什么要讲这个模块？

做过自动化的小伙伴会觉得这个模块非常实用

在公司中总会有一些需求

比如：
1.根据不同主机不同IP创建对应IP的目录
2.根据不同主机不同主机名创建对应主机名的目录
3.自动化运维平台需要自动获取到主机的IP地址，内存信息，磁盘信息，主机名...等
4.如果安装数据库，分配内存为物理内存的80%，此时有3台不同物理内存的机器2G、4G、16G
写一个playbook的情况下，我需要获取到对应主机的内存并作出计算，写判断。

setup

1.查看所有详细信息

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup
web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
            "10.0.0.7"
        ],
        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [ "fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:9880" ], "ansible_apparmor": { "status": "disabled" }, "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_bios_date": "04/13/2018", "ansible_bios_version": "6.00", "ansible_cmdline": { "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64", "LANG": "en_US.UTF-8", "biosdevname": "0", "net.ifnames": "0", "quiet": true, "rhgb": true, "ro": true, "root": "UUID=7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168" }, "ansible_date_time": { "date": "2019-09-10", "day": "10", "epoch": "1568115243", "hour": "19", "iso8601": "2019-09-10T11:34:03Z", "iso8601_basic": "20190910T193403218395", "iso8601_basic_short": "20190910T193403", "iso8601_micro": "2019-09-10T11:34:03.218468Z", "minute": "34", "month": "09", "second": "03", "time": "19:34:03", "tz": "CST", "tz_offset": "+0800", "weekday": "星期二", "weekday_number": "2", "weeknumber": "36", "year": "2019" }, "ansible_default_ipv4": { "address": "10.0.0.7", "alias": "eth0", "broadcast": "10.0.0.255", "gateway": "10.0.0.2", "interface": "eth0", "macaddress": "00:0c:29:f8:98:80", "mtu": 1500, "netmask": "255.255.255.0", "network": "10.0.0.0", "type": "ether" }, "ansible_default_ipv6": {}, "ansible_device_links": { "ids": { "sr0": [ "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001" ], "sr1": [ "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001" ] }, "labels": {}, "masters": {}, "uuids": { "sda1": [ "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd" ], "sda2": [ "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5" ], "sda3": [ "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168" ] } }, "ansible_devices": { "sda": { "holders": [], "host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)", "links": { "ids": [], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [] }, "model": "VMware Virtual S", "partitions": { "sda1": { "holders": [], "links": { "ids": [], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [ "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd" ] }, "sectors": "2097152", "sectorsize": 512, "size": "1.00 GB", "start": "2048", "uuid": "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd" }, "sda2": { "holders": [], "links": { "ids": [], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [ "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5" ] }, "sectors": "2097152", "sectorsize": 512, "size": "1.00 GB", "start": "2099200", "uuid": "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5" }, "sda3": { "holders": [], "links": { "ids": [], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [ "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168" ] }, "sectors": "37746688", "sectorsize": 512, "size": "18.00 GB", "start": "4196352", "uuid": "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168" } }, "removable": "0", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "deadline", "sectors": "41943040", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "20.00 GB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": "VMware,", "virtual": 1 }, "sr0": { "holders": [], "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)", "links": { "ids": [ "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001" ], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [] }, "model": "VMware IDE CDR00", "partitions": {}, "removable": "1", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "deadline", "sectors": "2097151", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "1024.00 MB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": "NECVMWar", "virtual": 1 }, "sr1": { "holders": [], "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)", "links": { "ids": [ "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001" ], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [] }, "model": "VMware IDE CDR10", "partitions": {}, "removable": "1", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "deadline", "sectors": "2097151", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "1024.00 MB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": "NECVMWar", "virtual": 1 } }, "ansible_distribution": "CentOS", "ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true, "ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/redhat-release", "ansible_distribution_file_variety": "RedHat", "ansible_distribution_major_version": "7", "ansible_distribution_release": "Core", "ansible_distribution_version": "7.5", "ansible_dns": { "nameservers": [ "10.0.0.2" ] }, "ansible_domain": "", "ansible_effective_group_id": 0, "ansible_effective_user_id": 0, "ansible_env": { "HOME": "/root", "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8", "LESSOPEN": "||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s", "LOGNAME": "root", "LS_COLORS": "rs=0:di=38;5;27:ln=38;5;51:mh=44;38;5;15:pi=40;38;5;11:so=38;5;13:do=38;5;5:bd=48;5;232;38;5;11:cd=48;5;232;38;5;3:or=48;5;232;38;5;9:mi=05;48;5;232;38;5;15:su=48;5;196;38;5;15:sg=48;5;11;38;5;16:ca=48;5;196;38;5;226:tw=48;5;10;38;5;16:ow=48;5;10;38;5;21:st=48;5;21;38;5;15:ex=38;5;34:*.tar=38;5;9:*.tgz=38;5;9:*.arc=38;5;9:*.arj=38;5;9:*.taz=38;5;9:*.lha=38;5;9:*.lz4=38;5;9:*.lzh=38;5;9:*.lzma=38;5;9:*.tlz=38;5;9:*.txz=38;5;9:*.tzo=38;5;9:*.t7z=38;5;9:*.zip=38;5;9:*.z=38;5;9:*.Z=38;5;9:*.dz=38;5;9:*.gz=38;5;9:*.lrz=38;5;9:*.lz=38;5;9:*.lzo=38;5;9:*.xz=38;5;9:*.bz2=38;5;9:*.bz=38;5;9:*.tbz=38;5;9:*.tbz2=38;5;9:*.tz=38;5;9:*.deb=38;5;9:*.rpm=38;5;9:*.jar=38;5;9:*.war=38;5;9:*.ear=38;5;9:*.sar=38;5;9:*.rar=38;5;9:*.alz=38;5;9:*.ace=38;5;9:*.zoo=38;5;9:*.cpio=38;5;9:*.7z=38;5;9:*.rz=38;5;9:*.cab=38;5;9:*.jpg=38;5;13:*.jpeg=38;5;13:*.gif=38;5;13:*.bmp=38;5;13:*.pbm=38;5;13:*.pgm=38;5;13:*.ppm=38;5;13:*.tga=38;5;13:*.xbm=38;5;13:*.xpm=38;5;13:*.tif=38;5;13:*.tiff=38;5;13:*.png=38;5;13:*.svg=38;5;13:*.svgz=38;5;13:*.mng=38;5;13:*.pcx=38;5;13:*.mov=38;5;13:*.mpg=38;5;13:*.mpeg=38;5;13:*.m2v=38;5;13:*.mkv=38;5;13:*.webm=38;5;13:*.ogm=38;5;13:*.mp4=38;5;13:*.m4v=38;5;13:*.mp4v=38;5;13:*.vob=38;5;13:*.qt=38;5;13:*.nuv=38;5;13:*.wmv=38;5;13:*.asf=38;5;13:*.rm=38;5;13:*.rmvb=38;5;13:*.flc=38;5;13:*.avi=38;5;13:*.fli=38;5;13:*.flv=38;5;13:*.gl=38;5;13:*.dl=38;5;13:*.xcf=38;5;13:*.xwd=38;5;13:*.yuv=38;5;13:*.cgm=38;5;13:*.emf=38;5;13:*.axv=38;5;13:*.anx=38;5;13:*.ogv=38;5;13:*.ogx=38;5;13:*.aac=38;5;45:*.au=38;5;45:*.flac=38;5;45:*.mid=38;5;45:*.midi=38;5;45:*.mka=38;5;45:*.mp3=38;5;45:*.mpc=38;5;45:*.ogg=38;5;45:*.ra=38;5;45:*.wav=38;5;45:*.axa=38;5;45:*.oga=38;5;45:*.spx=38;5;45:*.xspf=38;5;45:", "MAIL": "/var/mail/root", "PATH": "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin", "PWD": "/root", "SELINUX_LEVEL_REQUESTED": "", "SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED": "", "SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE": "", "SHELL": "/bin/bash", "SHLVL": "2", "SSH_CLIENT": "10.0.0.51 53512 22", "SSH_CONNECTION": "10.0.0.51 53512 10.0.0.7 22", "SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/1", "TERM": "xterm-256color", "USER": "root", "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/0", "XDG_SESSION_ID": "87", "_": "/usr/bin/python" }, "ansible_eth0": { "active": true, "device": "eth0", "features": { "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", "highdma": "off [fixed]", "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", "loopback": "off [fixed]", "netns_local": "off [fixed]", "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", "rx_all": "off", "rx_checksumming": "off", "rx_fcs": "off", "rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]", "rx_vlan_offload": "on", "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", "scatter_gather": "on", "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on", "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksumming": "on", "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]", "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]", "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_lockless": "off [fixed]", "tx_nocache_copy": "off", "tx_scatter_gather": "on", "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]", "tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off", "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on", "tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]", "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", "udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]", "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]" }, "hw_timestamp_filters": [], "ipv4": { "address": "10.0.0.7", "broadcast": "10.0.0.255", "netmask": "255.255.255.0", "network": "10.0.0.0" }, "ipv6": [ { "address": "fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:9880", "prefix": "64", "scope": "link" } ], "macaddress": "00:0c:29:f8:98:80", "module": "e1000", "mtu": 1500, "pciid": "0000:02:01.0", "promisc": false, "speed": 1000, "timestamping": [ "tx_software", "rx_software", "software" ], "type": "ether" }, "ansible_fibre_channel_wwn": [], "ansible_fips": false, "ansible_form_factor": "Other", "ansible_fqdn": "web01", "ansible_hostname": "web01", "ansible_hostnqn": "", "ansible_interfaces": [ "lo", "eth0" ], "ansible_is_chroot": false, "ansible_iscsi_iqn": "", "ansible_kernel": "3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64", "ansible_lo": { "active": true, "device": "lo", "features": { "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", "highdma": "on [fixed]", "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", "loopback": "on [fixed]", "netns_local": "on [fixed]", "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", "rx_all": "off [fixed]", "rx_checksumming": "on [fixed]", "rx_fcs": "off [fixed]", "rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", "scatter_gather": "on", "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_sctp": "on [fixed]", "tx_checksumming": "on", "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]", "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]", "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_lockless": "on [fixed]", "tx_nocache_copy": "off [fixed]", "tx_scatter_gather": "on [fixed]", "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on [fixed]", "tx_sctp_segmentation": "on", "tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on", "tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]", "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", "udp_fragmentation_offload": "on", "vlan_challenged": "on [fixed]" }, "hw_timestamp_filters": [], "ipv4": { "address": "127.0.0.1", "broadcast": "host", "netmask": "255.0.0.0", "network": "127.0.0.0" }, "ipv6": [ { "address": "::1", "prefix": "128", "scope": "host" } ], "mtu": 65536, "promisc": false, "timestamping": [ "rx_software", "software" ], "type": "loopback" }, "ansible_local": {}, "ansible_lsb": {}, "ansible_machine": "x86_64", "ansible_machine_id": "c9d400bd3c1249bd81b2d49252985ab6", "ansible_memfree_mb": 1068, "ansible_memory_mb": { "nocache": { "free": 1622, "used": 360 }, "real": { "free": 1068, "total": 1982, "used": 914 }, "swap": { "cached": 0, "free": 1023, "total": 1023, "used": 0 } }, "ansible_memtotal_mb": 1982, "ansible_mounts": [ { "block_available": 227935, "block_size": 4096, "block_total": 259584, "block_used": 31649, "device": "/dev/sda1", "fstype": "xfs", "inode_available": 523962, "inode_total": 524288, "inode_used": 326, "mount": "/boot", "options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota", "size_available": 933621760, "size_total": 1063256064, "uuid": "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd" }, { "block_available": 69275, "block_size": 262144, "block_total": 73684, "block_used": 4409, "device": "10.0.0.31:/data", "fstype": "nfs4", "inode_available": 9409536, "inode_total": 9436672, "inode_used": 27136, "mount": "/opt", "options": "rw,relatime,vers=4.1,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=0,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.0.0.7,local_lock=none,addr=10.0.0.31", "size_available": 18160025600, "size_total": 19315818496, "uuid": "N/A" }, { "block_available": 4354375, "block_size": 4096, "block_total": 4715776, "block_used": 361401, "device": "/dev/sda3", "fstype": "xfs", "inode_available": 9403419, "inode_total": 9436672, "inode_used": 33253, "mount": "/", "options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota", "size_available": 17835520000, "size_total": 19315818496, "uuid": "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168" } ], "ansible_nodename": "web01", "ansible_os_family": "RedHat", "ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum", "ansible_proc_cmdline": { "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64", "LANG": "en_US.UTF-8", "biosdevname": "0", "net.ifnames": "0", "quiet": true, "rhgb": true, "ro": true, "root": "UUID=7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168" }, "ansible_processor": [ "0", "GenuineIntel", "Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8850H CPU @ 2.60GHz" ], "ansible_processor_cores": 1, "ansible_processor_count": 1, "ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1, "ansible_processor_vcpus": 1, "ansible_product_name": "VMware Virtual Platform", "ansible_product_serial": "VMware-56 4d a5 a2 9d f3 51 25-4d 67 a8 58 f8 f8 98 80", "ansible_product_uuid": "A2A54D56-F39D-2551-4D67-A858F8F89880", "ansible_product_version": "None", "ansible_python": { "executable": "/usr/bin/python", "has_sslcontext": true, "type": "CPython", "version": { "major": 2, "micro": 5, "minor": 7, "releaselevel": "final", "serial": 0 }, "version_info": [ 2, 7, 5, "final", 0 ] }, "ansible_python_version": "2.7.5", "ansible_real_group_id": 0, "ansible_real_user_id": 0, "ansible_selinux": { "config_mode": "disabled", "mode": "permissive", "policyvers": 31, "status": "enabled", "type": "targeted" }, "ansible_selinux_python_present": true, "ansible_service_mgr": "systemd", "ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBAiDBJtsjcCuaEVqC4e2tPeN3X7FbSfbWq4gDx65v5AX8yPzZcufMmv0yydrCvbkb3HhMGqVJ7oNMioQdyqiu8Q=", "ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIBVg0/vQDn4AFzoNyeGcB61Jr3a+Cv3hu36XOW+BAgv+", "ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC4PhQf/9RtL4kuFejVDjQoT8ng10Wdf5SA884Nu9l5wfrBLTVpKUusox5g4lU9+cuYicZiEYmasvxQbACsI90OybLUs26eUymRMtYQiS+N9Mfz0I+CLSssIEtUd5nplNoaPLM7dvgej1YxzLoz8mF6XkwhTLCd3nnye/YxuYYecGNZRCi2q6mkMYjO0HuHtqeSyoK+gPB2so7p7QrC3kcYbgblKfztDDUJ11tmYTBQJdDm7+ICztFjiwyWsnOvbItpOyI2M6neDkN8KCqoDwDYKCbXSbs6uamWkInlz03G9LGuIf+B/rhG6pmFVxG3Ac9h1tS5b6H2DJRMxQR+Vf5/", "ansible_swapfree_mb": 1023, "ansible_swaptotal_mb": 1023, "ansible_system": "Linux", "ansible_system_capabilities": [ "cap_chown", "cap_dac_override", "cap_dac_read_search", "cap_fowner", "cap_fsetid", "cap_kill", "cap_setgid", "cap_setuid", "cap_setpcap", "cap_linux_immutable", "cap_net_bind_service", "cap_net_broadcast", "cap_net_admin", "cap_net_raw", "cap_ipc_lock", "cap_ipc_owner", "cap_sys_module", "cap_sys_rawio", "cap_sys_chroot", "cap_sys_ptrace", "cap_sys_pacct", "cap_sys_admin", "cap_sys_boot", "cap_sys_nice", "cap_sys_resource", "cap_sys_time", "cap_sys_tty_config", "cap_mknod", "cap_lease", "cap_audit_write", "cap_audit_control", "cap_setfcap", "cap_mac_override", "cap_mac_admin", "cap_syslog", "35", "36+ep" ], "ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True", "ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.", "ansible_uptime_seconds": 96743, "ansible_user_dir": "/root", "ansible_user_gecos": "root", "ansible_user_gid": 0, "ansible_user_id": "root", "ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash", "ansible_user_uid": 0, "ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_userspace_bits": "64", "ansible_virtualization_role": "guest", "ansible_virtualization_type": "VMware", "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python", "gather_subset": [ "all" ], "module_setup": true }, "changed": false }

2.获取IP地址

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_default_ipv4'
web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_default_ipv4": {
            "address": "10.0.0.7", "alias": "eth0", "broadcast": "10.0.0.255", "gateway": "10.0.0.2", "interface": "eth0", "macaddress": "00:0c:29:f8:98:80", "mtu": 1500, "netmask": "255.255.255.0", "network": "10.0.0.0", "type": "ether" }, "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false }

3.获取主机名

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_fqdn'
web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_fqdn": "web01",
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false }

4.获取内存信息

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_memory_mb'
web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_memory_mb": {
            "nocache": {
                "free": 1622, "used": 360 }, "real": { "free": 1068, "total": 1982, "used": 914 }, "swap": { "cached": 0, "free": 1023, "total": 1023, "used": 0 } }, "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false }

5.获取磁盘信息

web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_memory_mb": {
            "nocache": {
                "free": 1622,
                "used": 360 }, "real": { "free": 1068, "total": 1982, "used": 914 }, "swap": { "cached": 0, "free": 1023, "total": 1023, "used": 0 } }, "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false } [root@m01 ~]# ansible_devices^C [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_devices' web01 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "ansible_devices": { "sda": { "holders": [], "host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)", "links": { "ids": [], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [] }, "model": "VMware Virtual S", "partitions": { "sda1": { "holders": [], "links": { "ids": [], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [ "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd" ] }, "sectors": "2097152", "sectorsize": 512, "size": "1.00 GB", "start": "2048", "uuid": "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd" }, "sda2": { "holders": [], "links": { "ids": [], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [ "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5" ] }, "sectors": "2097152", "sectorsize": 512, "size": "1.00 GB", "start": "2099200", "uuid": "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5" }, "sda3": { "holders": [], "links": { "ids": [], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [ "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168" ] }, "sectors": "37746688", "sectorsize": 512, "size": "18.00 GB", "start": "4196352", "uuid": "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168" } }, "removable": "0", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "deadline", "sectors": "41943040", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "20.00 GB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": "VMware,", "virtual": 1 }, "sr0": { "holders": [], "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)", "links": { "ids": [ "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001" ], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [] }, "model": "VMware IDE CDR00", "partitions": {}, "removable": "1", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "deadline", "sectors": "2097151", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "1024.00 MB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": "NECVMWar", "virtual": 1 }, "sr1": { "holders": [], "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)", "links": { "ids": [ "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001" ], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [] }, "model": "VMware IDE CDR10", "partitions": {}, "removable": "1", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "deadline", "sectors": "2097151", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "1024.00 MB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": "NECVMWar", "virtual": 1 } }, "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false }

6.其他信息参数

ansible_all_ipv4_addresses：仅显示ipv4的信息。
ansible_devices：仅显示磁盘设备信息。
ansible_distribution：显示是什么系统，例：centos,suse等。
ansible_distribution_major_version：显示是系统主版本。
ansible_distribution_version：仅显示系统版本。
ansible_machine：显示系统类型，例：32位，还是64位。
ansible_eth0：仅显示eth0的信息。
ansible_hostname：仅显示主机名。
ansible_kernel：仅显示内核版本。
ansible_lvm：显示lvm相关信息。
ansible_memtotal_mb：显示系统总内存。
ansible_memfree_mb：显示可用系统内存。
ansible_memory_mb：详细显示内存情况。
ansible_swaptotal_mb：显示总的swap内存。
ansible_swapfree_mb：显示swap内存的可用内存。
ansible_mounts：显示系统磁盘挂载情况。
ansible_processor：显示cpu个数(具体显示每个cpu的型号)。
ansible_processor_vcpus：显示cpu个数(只显示总的个数)。

此处匹配规则支持通配符，后面我们在使用playbook的时候，会针对这些内置变量参考使用