Netty学习——protoc的新手使用流程

Netty学习——protoc的新手使用流程

关于学习的内容笔记，记下来的东西等于又过了一次脑子，记录的更深刻一些。

---

1. 使用IDEA创建.proto文件，软件会提示你安装相应的语法插件

 安装成功之后，proto文件的显示图标是这个样子的

 2. 编写Proto文件

syntax ="proto2";

package com.dawa.protobuf;

option optimize_for = SPEED;
option java_package ="com.dawa.protobuf";
option java_outer_classname = "DataInfo";

message Student{
    required string name = 1;
    optional int32 age = 2;
    optional string address = 3;
}

提示：关于Gradle的使用，Gradle文件在引用Jar包的时候，需要格外注意语法的正确与否。

（我刚生成的文件，里面大量的报错，经过检查，是因为Gradle里面的语法没有写正确，导致包没有正常的导入）下面是正确的Gradle语句

dependencies {
    compile(
            "io.netty:netty-all:4.1.43.Final",
            "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:3.11.0",
            "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:3.11.0"
    )
}

注释： optimize_for  属性 ： 加快解析速度 （默认值为speed）

 3. 然后使用命令行启动protoc来完成编译工作

 如果执行完之后，没有任何提示，代表执行完成，在自己指定的目录里即可看到生成的java文件

提示：绝对不要修改使用Protobuf自动生成的Java文件

 关于protoc的语法，可以输入指令 protoc -h 自行查阅

 我这里使用的是指定生成java位置的这条语法

 4. 测试调用生成的文件，是否可以正常使用。

这个案例，看着简单，其实非常具备代表性，

首先里面先转换成字节数组（这意味能够使用字节数组在网络上进行传输）

然后再将字节数组转换成对象（这意味着能够前端后端不是同种语言，通过字节来进行信息传递）

public class ProtobufTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        DataInfo.Student student = DataInfo.Student.newBuilder()
                .setName("大娃").setAge(22).setAddress("北京").build();
        //转换成字节数组
        byte[] student2ByteArray = student.toByteArray();
        //字节就可以在网络上进行传输了。  
        //字节可以是java语言，也可以是其他语言，如Python
        //再将字节数组，解析成对象
        DataInfo.Student student1 = DataInfo.Student.parseFrom(student2ByteArray);
        System.out.println(student1.getName());
        System.out.println(student1.getAge());
        System.out.println(student1.getAddress());
    }
}

以上，这个Protobuf的工具使用和验证就结束了。接下来需要借助Netty来实现网络的通讯，Netty很好的继承的Protobuf，只需要设定自定义的Handler可以方面使用。

自动生成的文件，也提供一下。

// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
// source: src/protobuf/Student.proto

package com.dawa.protobuf;

public final class DataInfo {
  private DataInfo() {}
  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
  }

  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
    registerAllExtensions(
        (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
  }
  public interface StudentOrBuilder extends
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:com.dawa.protobuf.Student)
      com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {

    /**
     * <code>required string name = 1;</code>
     * @return Whether the name field is set.
     */
    boolean hasName();
    /**
     * <code>required string name = 1;</code>
     * @return The name.
     */
    java.lang.String getName();
    /**
     * <code>required string name = 1;</code>
     * @return The bytes for name.
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getNameBytes();

    /**
     * <code>optional int32 age = 2;</code>
     * @return Whether the age field is set.
     */
    boolean hasAge();
    /**
     * <code>optional int32 age = 2;</code>
     * @return The age.
     */
    int getAge();

    /**
     * <code>optional string address = 3;</code>
     * @return Whether the address field is set.
     */
    boolean hasAddress();
    /**
     * <code>optional string address = 3;</code>
     * @return The address.
     */
    java.lang.String getAddress();
    /**
     * <code>optional string address = 3;</code>
     * @return The bytes for address.
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getAddressBytes();
  }
  /**
   * Protobuf type {@code com.dawa.protobuf.Student}
   */
  public  static final class Student extends
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:com.dawa.protobuf.Student)
      StudentOrBuilder {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
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      super(builder);
    }
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      address_ = "";
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              break;
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        }
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        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
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    public static com.dawa.protobuf.DataInfo.Student parseFrom(
        java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static com.dawa.protobuf.DataInfo.Student parseFrom(
        java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static com.dawa.protobuf.DataInfo.Student parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static com.dawa.protobuf.DataInfo.Student parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static com.dawa.protobuf.DataInfo.Student parseFrom(byte[] data)
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      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
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    }
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      public Builder setName(
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        if (value == null) {
    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
        name_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string name = 1;</code>
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder clearName() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
        name_ = getDefaultInstance().getName();
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string name = 1;</code>
       * @param value The bytes for name to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setNameBytes(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
        if (value == null) {
    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
        name_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private int age_ ;
      /**
       * <code>optional int32 age = 2;</code>
       * @return Whether the age field is set.
       */
      public boolean hasAge() {
        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0);
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional int32 age = 2;</code>
       * @return The age.
       */
      public int getAge() {
        return age_;
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional int32 age = 2;</code>
       * @param value The age to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setAge(int value) {
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
        age_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional int32 age = 2;</code>
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder clearAge() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
        age_ = 0;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private java.lang.Object address_ = "";
      /**
       * <code>optional string address = 3;</code>
       * @return Whether the address field is set.
       */
      public boolean hasAddress() {
        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0);
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional string address = 3;</code>
       * @return The address.
       */
      public java.lang.String getAddress() {
        java.lang.Object ref = address_;
        if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
              (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
          java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
          if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {
            address_ = s;
          }
          return s;
        } else {
          return (java.lang.String) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional string address = 3;</code>
       * @return The bytes for address.
       */
      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
          getAddressBytes() {
        java.lang.Object ref = address_;
        if (ref instanceof String) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                  (java.lang.String) ref);
          address_ = b;
          return b;
        } else {
          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional string address = 3;</code>
       * @param value The address to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setAddress(
          java.lang.String value) {
        if (value == null) {
    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
        address_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional string address = 3;</code>
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder clearAddress() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
        address_ = getDefaultInstance().getAddress();
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional string address = 3;</code>
       * @param value The bytes for address to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setAddressBytes(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
        if (value == null) {
    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
        address_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public final Builder setUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }


      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:com.dawa.protobuf.Student)
    }

    // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:com.dawa.protobuf.Student)
    private static final com.dawa.protobuf.DataInfo.Student DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    static {
      DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new com.dawa.protobuf.DataInfo.Student();
    }

    public static com.dawa.protobuf.DataInfo.Student getDefaultInstance() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

    @java.lang.Deprecated public static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<Student>
        PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<Student>() {
      @java.lang.Override
      public Student parsePartialFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return new Student(input, extensionRegistry);
      }
    };

    public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<Student> parser() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public com.google.protobuf.Parser<Student> getParserForType() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public com.dawa.protobuf.DataInfo.Student getDefaultInstanceForType() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

  }

  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
    internal_static_com_dawa_protobuf_Student_descriptor;
  private static final 
    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
      internal_static_com_dawa_protobuf_Student_fieldAccessorTable;

  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      getDescriptor() {
    return descriptor;
  }
  private static  com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      descriptor;
  static {
    java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
      "\n\032src/protobuf/Student.proto\022\021com.dawa.p" +
      "rotobuf\"5\n\007Student\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \002(\t\022\013\n\003age\030" +
      "\002 \001(\005\022\017\n\007address\030\003 \001(\tB\037\n\021com.dawa.proto" +
      "bufB\010DataInfoH\001"
    };
    descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
        });
    internal_static_com_dawa_protobuf_Student_descriptor =
      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
    internal_static_com_dawa_protobuf_Student_fieldAccessorTable = new
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
        internal_static_com_dawa_protobuf_Student_descriptor,
        new java.lang.String[] { "Name", "Age", "Address", });
  }

  // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
}

View Code