二层交换机与防火墙对接上网配置示例
配置思路
采用如下思路进行配置:
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配置交换机基于接口划分VLAN,实现二层转发。
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配置防火墙作为用户的网关,通过子接口或VLANIF接口实现跨网段的三层转发。
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配置防火墙作为DHCP服务器,为用户PC分配IP地址。
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开启防火墙域间安全策略,使不同域的报文可以相互转发。
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配置防火墙PAT功能,使内网用户可以访问外部网络。
操作步骤
- 配置交换机
# 配置下行连接用户的接口。
<HUAWEI> system-view [HUAWEI] sysname Switch [Switch] vlan batch 2 3 [Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type access//配置接口接入类型为access [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port default vlan 2//配置接口加入VLAN 2 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit [Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port link-type access [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port default vlan 3 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit
# 配置上行连接防火墙的接口。
[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3//配置接口以trunk方式透传VLAN 2和VLAN 3 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
- 配置防火墙
防火墙的配置有两种方式,配置子接口或者配置VLANIF接口,两种方式选择其一即可。
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配置防火墙通过子接口终结VLAN,实现跨网段的三层转发。
# 配置终结子接口。
<USG6600> system-view [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.1 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] vlan-type dot1q 2 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] ip address 192.168.1.1 24 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] quit [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.2 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] vlan-type dot1q 3 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] ip address 192.168.2.1 24 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] quit
# 配置DHCP功能,为内网用户分配IP地址并指定DNS服务器地址。
[USG6600] dhcp enable [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.1 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] dhcp select interface//开启接口采用接口地址池的DHCP Server功能 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5//配置的DNS-List 114.114.114.114是公用的DNS服务器地址,是不区分运营商的。在实际应用中,请根据运营商分配的DNS进行配置 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] quit [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.2 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] dhcp select interface [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] quit
# 配置公网接口的IP地址和静态路由。
[USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0//配置连接公网的接口GE0/0/2的IP地址1.1.1.2 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit [USG6600] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.1//配置静态缺省路由的下一跳指向公网提供的IP地址1.1.1.1
# 配置安全区域。
[USG6600] firewall zone trust//配置trust域 [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1 [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.1 [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.2 [USG6600-zone-trust] quit [USG6600] firewall zone untrust//配置untrust域 [USG6600-zone-untrust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2 [USG6600-zone-untrust] quit
# 配置安全策略,允许域间互访。[USG6600] security-policy [USG6600-policy-security] rule name policy1 [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-zone trust [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-zone untrust [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] action permit [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] quit [USG6600-policy-security] quit
# 配置PAT地址池,开启允许端口地址转换。[USG6600] nat address-group addressgroup1 [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] mode pat [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] route enable [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] section 0 1.1.1.2 1.1.1.2 //转换的公网IP地址 [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] quit
# 配置源PAT策略,实现私网指定网段访问公网时自动进行源地址转换。[USG6600] nat-policy [USG6600-policy-nat] rule name policy_nat1 [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-zone trust [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] destination-zone untrust [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0//允许进行PAT转换的源IP地址 [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] action nat address-group addressgroup1 [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] quit [USG6600-policy-nat] quit [USG6600] quit
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配置防火墙通过配置VLANIF接口,实现跨网段的三层转发。
# 配置VLANIF接口。
<USG6600> system-view [USG6600] vlan batch 2 3 [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] portswitch//将以太网接口从三层模式切换到二层模式。如果接口已经是二层模式,跳过该步骤 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-type hybrid [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port hybrid tagged vlan 2 to 3 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit [USG6600] interface vlanif 2 [USG6600-Vlanif2] ip address 192.168.1.1 24//配置VLANIF2的IP地址作为PC1的网关 [USG6600-Vlanif2] quit [USG6600] interface vlanif 3 [USG6600-Vlanif3] ip address 192.168.2.1 24//配置VLANIF3的IP地址作为PC2的网关 [USG6600-Vlanif3] quit
# 配置DHCP功能。
[USG6600] dhcp enable [USG6600] interface vlanif 2 [USG6600-Vlanif2] dhcp select interface [USG6600-Vlanif2] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5//配置的DNS-List 114.114.114.114是公用的DNS服务器地址,是不区分运营商的。在实际应用中,请根据运营商分配的DNS进行配置 [USG6600-Vlanif2] quit [USG6600] interface vlanif 3 [USG6600-Vlanif3] dhcp select interface [USG6600-Vlanif3] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5 [USG6600-Vlanif3] quit
# 配置公网接口的IP地址和静态路由。
[USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit [USG6600] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.1//配置静态缺省路由的下一跳指向公网提供的IP地址1.1.1.1
# 配置安全区域。
[USG6600] firewall zone trust [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1 [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface vlanif 2 [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface vlanif 3 [USG6600-zone-trust] quit [USG6600] firewall zone untrust [USG6600-zone-untrust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2 [USG6600-zone-untrust] quit
# 配置安全策略,允许域间互访。[USG6600] security-policy [USG6600-policy-security] rule name policy1 [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-zone trust [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-zone untrust [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] action permit [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] quit [USG6600-policy-security] quit
# 配置PAT地址池,开启允许端口地址转换。[USG6600] nat address-group addressgroup1 [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] mode pat [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] route enable [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] section 0 1.1.1.2 1.1.1.2 //转换的公网IP地址 [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] quit
# 配置源PAT策略,实现私网指定网段访问公网时自动进行源地址转换。[USG6600] nat-policy [USG6600-policy-nat] rule name policy_nat1 [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-zone trust [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] destination-zone untrust [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0//允许进行PAT转换的源IP地址 [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] action nat address-group addressgroup1 [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] quit [USG6600-policy-nat] quit [USG6600] quit
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- 检查配置结果
配置PC1的IP地址为192.168.1.2/24,网关为192.168.1.1;PC2的IP地址为192.168.2.2/24,网关为192.168.2.1。
配置外网PC的IP地址为1.1.1.1/24,网关为1.1.1.2。
配置完成后,PC1和PC2都可以Ping通外网的IP 1.1.1.1/24,PC1和PC2都可以访问Internet。