环境说明:
1. 系统环境: CentOS7-64位 内存:4GB 硬盘:20GB (VMWARE虚拟机)
2. MySQL版本: 5.7.19
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1. 下载MySQL
下载后上传至Linux服务器，这里把源码包放到/usr/local目录下。
2. 环境准备
2.1 安装编译需要用到的依赖软件
如果数据库使用多实例，还需要安装: libaio, libaio-devel, 另外，还可安装: bison-devel openssl-devel。
(cmake加参数:-DWITH_SSL=yes时依赖openssl库)
2.2 添加mysql用户和用户组
执行命令: sudo groupadd mysql && sudo useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql
3. 开始安装
3.1 预编译
执行命令:
cd /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19 && sudo cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii -DENABLE_LOCAL_INFILE=ON -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLE_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0
出现如下错误，提示找不到boost库:
这里再添加两个参数: -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=<directory>, boost路径填/usr/local/boost即可，它会在这个目录找，找不到就会自己下载到该目录下，如下所示:
注意:
cmake生成的临时文件是CMakeCache.txt，重新cmake时，最好删除上一个CMakeCache.txt文件，避免不必要的错误。
3.2 编译
3.3 安装
3.4 配置
3.4.1 目录授权
另外，还需创建一个目录，命令: sudo mkdir /usr/local/mysql/tmp
3.4.2 初始化mysql的系统数据表
命令： sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
在Mysql5.7之前，初始化一般都是使用sripts目录下的mysql_install_db脚本，这里改为用mysqld了, 并且初始化后有一个默认的root随机密码:
3.4.3 创建配置文件
这里没有my-default.cnf文件:
我们在网站找一个，然后按我们的参数修改配置即可，命令:
sudo mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak && sudo mv my.cnf /etc/my.cnf，文件内容如下:
# Example MySQL config file for small systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used # from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon # doesn't use much resources. # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3298 socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3298 socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 16K max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 4 sort_buffer_size = 64K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K net_buffer_length = 2K thread_stack = 256K # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking server-id = 1 # Uncomment the following if you want to log updates #log-bin=mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended #binlog_format=mixed # Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be # written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that # there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional # tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM # t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master. #binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 8M sort_buffer_size = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout
3.4.4 (按需)配置了SSL的需要执行
命令： sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
3.5 启动
命令： sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
发生如下错误:
修改目录授权:sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql，之前的所属用户和组是root，修改后重启启动:
MySQL启动完成。
前面在初始化系统数据表时，提示一句，说明了root的初始随机密码，内容如下：
2017-07-30T14:39:57.719908Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: <pidipNa0;g)
现在用这个密码<pidipNa0;g)来连接一下看看:
暂时无法执行命令，需要先重置root密码:
3.6 关闭MySQL
命令： /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown -u root -p
3.7 其他
3.7.1 查看MySQL从什么位置加载my.cnf配置文件
如果存在多个文件，MySQL会以读取到的最后一个配置文件参数为准启动进程。
3.7.2 数据库与数据库实例
数据库是文件的集合，是依照某种数据模型组织起来并存放于二级存储器中的数据集合。
数据库实例是程序，是位于用户与操作系统之间的一层数据管理软件，用户对数据库数据的任何操作，包括数据库定义、数据查询、数据维护、数据库运行控制等都是在数据库实例下进行的，应用程序只有通过数据库实例才能和数据库打交道。
3.7.3 数据库的存储引擎是基于表的，而不是数据库！
3.7.4 N/A.