CentOS不像Debian/Ubuntu，不能直接从官方库中安装最新版的gcc/g++，只能源码编译安装。
gcc下载地址：Index of /gnu/gcc
我选择了最新版本 gcc-8.3.0，下载tar.gz压缩包，共109M。
然后解压：
tar -xvzf gcc-*.tar.gz
编译前先安装必备的软件：
yum install gmp-devel mpfr-devel libmpc-devel
如果是Debian系统，可以进行如下操作：
-> # cd gcc-8.3.0
-> # ./contrib/download_prerequisites
如果没安装这几个软件，会报错：
configure: error: Building GCC requires GMP 4.2+, MPFR 2.3.1+ and MPC 0.8.0+.
Try the --with-gmp, --with-mpfr and/or --with-mpc options to specify
their locations. Source code for these libraries can be found at
their respective hosting sites as well as at
ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/. See also
http://gcc.gnu.org/install/prerequisites.html for additional info. If
you obtained GMP, MPFR and/or MPC from a vendor distribution package,
make sure that you have installed both the libraries and the header
files. They may be located in separate packages.
解决方案：Building GCC requires GMP 4.2+, MPFR 2.3.1+ and MPC 0.8.0+ - Stack Overflow
与其他软件包不同，建议在GCC源目录之外创建另一个构建目录以构建GCC。
mkdir gcc-build
cd gcc-build
../gcc-8.3.0/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
make -j$(nproc) && make install
我在1核的机器上编译了一下午，在24核的机器上编译了至少20分钟。
然后gcc会被安装在/usr/local目录下。
更新环境变量：
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
gcc --version
现在能跑gcc了，我再更新一下cmake,centos自带的cmake是cmake2.8版本的，现在都3.15了，还不能升级，真的保守。
wget https://cmake.org/files/v3.15/cmake-3.15.4.tar.gz
tar -zxvf cmake-3.15.4.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.15.4
chmod +x bootstrap
./bootstrap
make
sudo make install
/usr/local/bin/cmake --version
删除原来的cmake:
yum remove cmake -y
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/cmake /usr/bin/
cmake --version
后记：
我在./bootstrap这步的时候报错：
扫描二维码关注公众号，回复：
8536770 查看本文章
In file included from /root/clickhouse/ft_local/cmake-3.14.5/Source/cmExportFileGenerator.h:11,
from /root/clickhouse/ft_local/cmake-3.14.5/Source/cmExportTryCompileFileGenerator.h:8,
from /root/clickhouse/ft_local/cmake-3.14.5/Source/cmCoreTryCompile.cxx:13:
/root/clickhouse/ft_local/cmake-3.14.5/Bootstrap.cmk/cmVersionConfig.h:4:23: warning: missing terminating " character
#define CMake_VERSION "3 .14 .5 "
^
/root/clickhouse/ft_local/cmake-3.14.5/Bootstrap.cmk/cmVersionConfig.h:7:1: warning: missing terminating " character
/root/clickhouse/ft_local/cmake-3.14.5/Bootstrap.cmk/cmVersionConfig.h:7:1: error: missing terminating " character
/root/clickhouse/ft_local/cmake-3.14.5/Bootstrap.cmk/cmVersionConfig.h:5:1: error: expected unqualified-id before numeric constant
gmake: *** [cmCoreTryCompile.o] Error 1
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Problem while running gmake
---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /root/clickhouse/ft_local/cmake-3.14.5/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------
原因是我下载了Windows的zip包，而不是Linux的tar.gz包
然后安装ninja:
直接下载编译好的二进制文件：Releases · ninja-build/ninja
解压，运行：
unzip ninja-linux.zip
cp ninja /usr/bin/
ninja --version
