java工具类之Access数据库连接类

工具类：

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Access数据库连接类
 * 
 * @author zql
 */
public class AccessConnection {

	/**
	 * Access数据库Connection
	 */
	private Connection connection;
	
	static {
		try {
			// 加载ucanaccess驱动
			Class.forName("net.ucanaccess.jdbc.UcanaccessDriver");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 开启数据库连接
	 * 
	 * @param path Access文件的相对或者绝对路径(支持*.mdb和*.accdb数据库文件)
	 * @param user 用户账号(如果没有就写"")
	 * @param pwd 密码密码(如果没有就写"")
	 */
	public void openAccessConnection(String path, String user, String pwd) {
		try {
			if (this.connection != null && !this.connection.isClosed()) {
				connection.close();
			}
			/*
			 * memory：驱动程序属性memory默认是true的，当处理大型数据库，如果JVM内存不足，将会造成JVM内存溢出，建议使用者
			 * 使用-Xms和-Xmx选项为JVM分配足够的内存。否则，必须将驱动程序的“memory”属性设置为“false”。
			 * 
			 * Skipindexes：(UCanAccess 2.0.9.4版本以后):为了最小化内存占用，它允许跳过简单索引的创建。它对引用完整性约束
			 * 
			 * ignorecase：文本的大小写敏感性。
			 * 
			 * immediatelyReleaseResources：(取代UCanAccess 3.0.6版本以后被弃用的singleConnection):它用于ETL作业、计划
			 * 任务，或者在只打开一个连接的情况下“一次性”使用UCanAccess。所有资源(内存和文件系统)将在连接结束时释放。默认
			 * 设置为false。
			 */
			String dburl="jdbc:ucanaccess://" + path + ";memory=false;Skipindexes=true;ignorecase = true;immediatelyReleaseResources=true";
			this.connection = DriverManager.getConnection(dburl, user, pwd);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>获取所有表名</p>
	 * 
	 * @return 表名字符串数组
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public String[] selectTableName() throws Exception {
		
		DatabaseMetaData dbmd = connection.getMetaData();
		
		ResultSet result = dbmd.getTables(null, null, "%", null);  
		
		List<String> tableNameList = new ArrayList<String>();
		while (result.next()) {
			tableNameList.add(result.getString(3));
		}
		result.close();
		
		String[] tableNames = new String[tableNameList.size()];
		for (int i = 0; i < tableNames.length; i++) {
			tableNames[i] = tableNameList.get(i).toString();
		}
		return tableNames;
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>执行查询</p>
	 * 
	 * @param tableName 表名
	 * @param condition 条件键值对，键为字段，值为条件，该方法仅支持and连接条件，如需其他请自行修改
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public List<Map<String, String>> select(String tableName,Map<String,Object> condition) throws Exception {
		List<Map<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
		/*
		 * []是为了防止表名是关键字
		 */
		String sql = "select * from [" + tableName + "] ";
		List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>();
		StringBuffer conditions = new StringBuffer();
		if (condition != null && condition.size() > 0) {
			int conCount = condition.size();
			int index = 0;
			conditions.append(" where 1=1 and ");
			for (Map.Entry<String, Object> m : condition.entrySet()) {
				conditions.append(m.getKey()).append("=? ");
				index++;
				if (index != conCount) {
					conditions.append(" and ");
				}
				params.add(m.getValue());
			}
			sql = sql + conditions.toString();
		}
		PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
		for (int i = 0, len = params.size(); i < len; i++) {
			Object value = params.get(i);
			if (value instanceof Integer) {
				int integer = ((Integer) value).intValue();
				stmt.setInt(i + 1, integer);
			} else if (value instanceof String) {
				String s = (String) value;
				stmt.setString(i + 1, s);
			} else if (value instanceof Double) {
				double d = ((Double) value).doubleValue();
				stmt.setDouble(i + 1, d);
			} else if (value instanceof Float) {
				float f = ((Float) value).floatValue();
				stmt.setFloat(i + 1, f);
			} else if (value instanceof Long) {
				long l = ((Long) value).longValue();
				stmt.setLong(i + 1, l);
			} else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
				boolean bl = ((Boolean) value).booleanValue();
				stmt.setBoolean(i + 1, bl);
			} else if (value instanceof Date) {
				Date d = (Date) value;
				stmt.setDate(i + 1, (Date) d);
			} else if (value instanceof BigDecimal) {
				BigDecimal bd = (BigDecimal) value;
				stmt.setBigDecimal(i + 1, bd);
			}
		}
		
		ResultSet result = stmt.executeQuery();
		ResultSetMetaData data = result.getMetaData();
		
		int columnCount = data.getColumnCount();
		String[] columnNames = new String[columnCount];
		for (int i = 1; i <= data.getColumnCount(); i++) {
			// 获得列名
			columnNames[i-1] = data.getColumnName(i);
		}
		while (result.next()) {
			Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
			for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) {
				map.put(columnNames[i - 1], result.getString(i));
			}
			list.add(map);
		}
		result.close();
		stmt.close();
		return list;
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>执行添加</p>
	 * 
	 * @param tableName 表名
	 * @param map 键值对，键为表的字段，值为字段对应的值（即要添加的值）
	 * @return 受影响的行数
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public int insert(String tableName,Map<String,Object> map) throws Exception {
		int r = 0;
		StringBuffer tableFields = new StringBuffer();
		List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>();
		for (Map.Entry<String, Object> m : map.entrySet()) {
			tableFields.append(m.getKey()).append(",");
			params.add(m.getValue());
		}
		tableFields.deleteCharAt(tableFields.length() - 1);
		String sql = getInsertSql(tableName,tableFields.toString());
		PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
		for (int i = 0, len = params.size(); i < len; i++) {
			Object value = params.get(i);
			if (value instanceof Integer) {
				int integer = ((Integer) value).intValue();
				stmt.setInt(i + 1, integer);
			} else if (value instanceof String) {
				String s = (String) value;
				stmt.setString(i + 1, s);
			} else if (value instanceof Double) {
				double d = ((Double) value).doubleValue();
				stmt.setDouble(i + 1, d);
			} else if (value instanceof Float) {
				float f = ((Float) value).floatValue();
				stmt.setFloat(i + 1, f);
			} else if (value instanceof Long) {
				long l = ((Long) value).longValue();
				stmt.setLong(i + 1, l);
			} else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
				boolean bl = ((Boolean) value).booleanValue();
				stmt.setBoolean(i + 1, bl);
			} else if (value instanceof Date) {
				Date d = (Date) value;
				stmt.setDate(i + 1, (Date) d);
			} else if (value instanceof BigDecimal) {
				BigDecimal bd = (BigDecimal) value;
				stmt.setBigDecimal(i + 1, bd);
			}
		}
		r = stmt.executeUpdate();
		stmt.close();
		return r;
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>执行更新</p>
	 * 
	 * @param tableName 表名
	 * @param valueMap 键值对，键为要修改的字段，值为字段对应的值（即要修改的值）
	 * @param conditions 条件键值对，键为字段，值为条件，该方法仅支持and连接条件，如需其他请自行修改
	 * @return 受影响的行数
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public int update(String tableName,Map<String,Object> valueMap,Map<String,Object> condition) throws Exception {
		int r = 0;
		StringBuffer tableFields = new StringBuffer();
		List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>();
		for (Map.Entry<String, Object> m : valueMap.entrySet()) {
			tableFields.append(m.getKey()).append(",");
			params.add(m.getValue());
		}
		tableFields.deleteCharAt(tableFields.length() - 1);
		
		StringBuffer conditions = new StringBuffer();
		int conCount = condition.size();
		int index = 0;
		for (Map.Entry<String, Object> m : condition.entrySet()) {
			conditions.append(m.getKey()).append("=? ");
			index++;
			if (index != conCount) {
				conditions.append(" and ");
			}
			params.add(m.getValue());
		}
		
		String sql = getUpdateSql(tableName, tableFields.toString(), conditions.toString());
		PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
		for (int i = 0, len = params.size(); i < len; i++) {
			Object value = params.get(i);
			if (value instanceof Integer) {
				int integer = ((Integer) value).intValue();
				stmt.setInt(i + 1, integer);
			} else if (value instanceof String) {
				String s = (String) value;
				stmt.setString(i + 1, s);
			} else if (value instanceof Double) {
				double d = ((Double) value).doubleValue();
				stmt.setDouble(i + 1, d);
			} else if (value instanceof Float) {
				float f = ((Float) value).floatValue();
				stmt.setFloat(i + 1, f);
			} else if (value instanceof Long) {
				long l = ((Long) value).longValue();
				stmt.setLong(i + 1, l);
			} else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
				boolean bl = ((Boolean) value).booleanValue();
				stmt.setBoolean(i + 1, bl);
			} else if (value instanceof Date) {
				Date d = (Date) value;
				stmt.setDate(i + 1, (Date) d);
			} else if (value instanceof BigDecimal) {
				BigDecimal bd = (BigDecimal) value;
				stmt.setBigDecimal(i + 1, bd);
			}
		}
		r = stmt.executeUpdate();
		stmt.close();
		return r;
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>执行删除</p>
	 * 
	 * @param tableName 表名
	 * @param condition 条件键值对，键为字段，值为条件，该方法仅支持and连接条件，如需其他请自行修改
	 * @return 受影响的行数
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public int delete(String tableName,Map<String,Object> condition) throws Exception {
		int r = 0;
		String sql ="delete from ["+tableName+"] ";
		StringBuffer conditions = new StringBuffer();
		int conCount = condition.size();
		int index = 0;
		conditions.append(" where 1=1 and ");
		List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>();
		for (Map.Entry<String, Object> m : condition.entrySet()) {
			conditions.append(m.getKey()).append("=? ");
			index++;
			if (index != conCount) {
				conditions.append(" and ");
			}
			params.add(m.getValue());
		}
		if (condition == null || condition.size() == 0) {
			return 0;
		}
		PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql+conditions.toString());
		for(int i = 0,len = params.size(); i < len; i++) {
			Object value = params.get(i);
			if (value instanceof Integer) {
				int integer = ((Integer) value).intValue();
				stmt.setInt(i + 1, integer);
			} else if (value instanceof String) {
				String s = (String) value;
				stmt.setString(i + 1, s);
			} else if (value instanceof Double) {
				double d = ((Double) value).doubleValue();
				stmt.setDouble(i + 1, d);
			} else if (value instanceof Float) {
				float f = ((Float) value).floatValue();
				stmt.setFloat(i + 1, f);
			} else if (value instanceof Long) {
				long l = ((Long) value).longValue();
				stmt.setLong(i + 1, l);
			} else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
				boolean bl = ((Boolean) value).booleanValue();
				stmt.setBoolean(i + 1, bl);
			} else if (value instanceof Date) {
				Date d = (Date) value;
				stmt.setDate(i + 1, (Date) d);
			} else if (value instanceof BigDecimal) {
				BigDecimal bd = (BigDecimal) value;
				stmt.setBigDecimal(i + 1, bd);
			}
		}
		r = stmt.executeUpdate();
		stmt.close();
		return r;
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>获取插入sql语句</p>
	 * 
	 * @param tableName 表名
	 * @param tableFields 字段名字符串，字段名以英文逗号隔开，例：a,b,c
	 * @return 返回 占位符方式的语句，?占位  
	 */
	private final String getInsertSql(String tableName,String tableFields) {
		return "insert into [" + tableName + "] (" + tableFields + ") values (" + getLoopSpellOn("?", tableFields.split(",").length) + ") ";
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>获取更新sql语句</p>
	 * 
	 * @param tableName 表名
	 * @param tableFields 字段名字符串，字段名以英文逗号隔开，例：a,b,c
	 * @param where 条件字符串
	 * @return 返回 占位符方式的语句 ，?占位  
	 */
	private final String getUpdateSql(String tableName,String tableFields,String where) {
		return "update [" + tableName + "] set " + getLoopSplit(tableFields.split(","), "=?") +" where 1=1 and " + where + " ";
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>循环拼接字符串</p>
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param times 拼接的次数
	 * @return 拼接后的字符串
	 */
	private final String getLoopSpellOn(String str, int times) {
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		if (times <= 0) {
			return "";
		} else {
			for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
				sb.append(str);
				sb.append(",");
			}
			sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
			return sb.toString();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>字符串组装</p>
	 * </br>
	 * <p>例：  String tableFields = "a,b,c,d";</br>
	 *    getLoopSplit(tableFields.split(","), "c") = ac,bc,cc,dc
	 * </p>
	 * @param split 字符串数组
	 * @param mark 要组装的字符串
	 * @return 以逗号隔开的字符串
	 */
	private final String getLoopSplit(String[] split, String mark) {
		if(split == null || split.length <= 0) {
			return "";
		}
		if (split.length == 1) {
			return split[0] + mark;
		}
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		for (int i = 0; i < split.length; i++) {
			sb.append(split[i] + mark);
			sb.append(",");
		}
		sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
		return sb.toString();
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>关闭数据库连接</p>
	 */
	public void closeDbConnection(){
		try {
			connection.close();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

测试类：

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author zql
 *
 */
public class AccessConnectionTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		AccessConnection db = new AccessConnection();
		db.openAccessConnection("D://access//test.accdb", "", "");
		
		String[] tableName = db.selectTableName();
		for (int i = 0, len = tableName.length; i < len; i++) {
			List<Map<String, String>> list = db.select(tableName[i], null);
			for (Map<String,String> map : list) {
				for (Map.Entry<String, String> m : map.entrySet()) {
					System.out.print(m.getValue() + " | ");
				}
				System.out.println();
			}
		}
		Map<String,Object> con0 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
		con0.put("ID", 10);
		List<Map<String, String>> list = db.select("学生表", con0);
		list.forEach(map -> {
			map.forEach((key,value) -> {
				System.out.print(value + " | ");
			});
			System.out.println();
		});
		
		Map<String,Object> map1 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
		map1.put("年龄", 12);
		map1.put("性别", "男");
		map1.put("年级", "四");
		int r1 = db.insert("学生表", map1);
		System.out.println("add:" + r1 + "---------");
		
		Map<String,Object> val = new HashMap<String,Object>();
		val.put("年级", "4年级");
		Map<String,Object> con1 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
		con1.put("ID", 1);
		int r2 = db.update("学生表", val, con1);
		System.out.println("update:" + r2 + "---------");
		
		Map<String,Object> con2 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
		con2.put("ID", 1);
		int r3 = db.delete("学生表", con2);
		System.err.println("delete:" + r3 + "---------");
		
		db.closeDbConnection();
		System.out.println("执行结束！！！！！！");
	}
}

普通项目需要引入的包
ucanaccess-4.0.4.jar
hsqldb-2.3.1.jar
jackcess-2.1.11.jar
commons-lang-2.6.jar
commons-logging-1.1.3.jar
maven项目依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>net.sf.ucanaccess</groupId>
      <artifactId>ucanaccess</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.4</version>
</dependency>