安装前准备
1.1、主机硬件配置
4G内存，40G磁盘
1.2、配置OS内核参数
kernel.shmall、kernel.shmmax、kernel.shmmni共享内存相关参数，在9.2以及以前的版本，数据库启动时，对共享内存段的内存需求非常大。后期版本要求不大，但可参考此设置。
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
追加到文件末尾
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax=135497418752
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 50100 64128000 50100 1280
fs.file-max = 7672460
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 4096
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max = 655360
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 72
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 9
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 7
vm.zone_reclaim_mode=0
vm.dirty_background_bytes = 40960000
vm.dirty_ratio = 80
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 6000
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 50
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory = 0
vm.overcommit_ratio = 90
1.3、配置OS资源限制
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
- soft nofile 131072
- hard nofile 131072
- soft nproc 131072
- hard nproc 131072
- soft core unlimited
- hard core unlimited
- soft memlock 500000000
- hard memlock 500000000
1.4、配置OS防火墙
iptables -F
1.5、selinux
如果没这方面需求，建议关闭。
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
1.6、创建用户
useradd itm_pg
2、数据库安装
2.1、下载postgresql源码
前往https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/ ，下载相关源码包
2.2、安装postgresql
安装依赖包：
root用户下，使用yum 安装依赖包
yum -y install coreutils glib2 lrzsz mpstat dstat sysstat e4fsprogs xfsprogs ntp readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel pam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel python-devel tcl-devel gcc make smartmontools flex bison perl-devel perl-Ext
Utils* openldap-devel jadetex openjade bzip2
编译安装postgresql：
itm_pg用户下，编译安装PostgreSQL，
su - itm_pg
[itm_pg@oracle ~]$ tar -jxvf postgresql-10.3.tar.bz2
[itm_pg@oracle ~]$ cd postgresql-10.3
[itm_pg@oracle postgresql-10.3]$ ./configure --prefix=/home/itm_pg/pgsql10.3 --with-perl --with-python
[itm_pg@oracle postgresql-10.3]$ make world -j 8
[itm_pg@oracle postgresql-10.3]$ make install-world
注： 如果不需要调用perl和python编写函数，可以不添加–with-perl --with-python。
2.3、配置linux用户环境变量
在itm_pg用户下配置环境变量：
su - itm_pg
vi ~/.bash_profile
追加
export PS1="$USER@`/bin/hostname -s`-> "
export PGPORT=1921
export PGDATA=/home/itm_pg/pgdata
export LANG=en_US.utf8
export PGHOME=/home/itm_pg/pgsql10.3
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:.
export DATE=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
export PGHOST=$PGDATA
export PGUSER=postgres
export PGDATABASE=postgres
alias rm='rm -i'
alias ll='ls -lh'
使环境变量生效：
[itm_pg@oracle ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile
2.4、初始化数据库集群
itm_pg@oracle-> cd pgsql10.3/bin/
itm_pg@oracle-> initdb -D
PGDATA目录中
itm_pg@oracle-> vi postgresql.conf
追加
listen_addresses = ‘0.0.0.0’
port = 1921
max_connections = 200
unix_socket_directories = ‘.’
tcp_keepalives_idle = 60
tcp_keepalives_interval = 10
tcp_keepalives_count = 10
shared_buffers = 512MB
dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix
vacuum_cost_delay = 0
bgwriter_delay = 10ms
bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 1000
bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 10.0
bgwriter_flush_after = 0
old_snapshot_threshold = -1
backend_flush_after = 0
wal_level = replica
synchronous_commit = off
full_page_writes = on
wal_buffers = 16MB
wal_writer_delay = 10ms
wal_writer_flush_after = 0
checkpoint_timeout = 30min
max_wal_size = 2GB
min_wal_size = 128MB
checkpoint_completion_target = 0.05
checkpoint_flush_after = 0
random_page_cost = 1.3
log_destination = ‘csvlog’
logging_collector = on
log_truncate_on_rotation = on
log_checkpoints = on
log_connections = on
log_disconnections = on
log_error_verbosity = verbose
autovacuum = on
log_autovacuum_min_duration = 0
autovacuum_naptime = 20s
autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.05
autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 1500000000
autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 1600000000
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 0
vacuum_freeze_table_age = 1400000000
vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 1500000000
datestyle = ‘iso, mdy’
timezone = ‘PRC’
lc_messages = ‘C’
lc_monetary = ‘C’
lc_numeric = ‘C’
lc_time = ‘C’
default_text_search_config = ‘pg_catalog.english’
shared_preload_libraries=‘pg_stat_statements’
配置pg_hba.conf:
itm_pg@oracle-> vi pg_hba.conf
追加
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
2.6、启动数据库集群
itm_pg@oracle-> pg_ctl start
看到提示’server started’则表示启动成功。
2.7、设置开机自启动
vi /etc/rc.local
su - itm_pg -c “pg_ctl start -D $PGDATA”
2.8、连接数据库
itm_pg@oracle-> psql
psql (10.3)
Type “help” for help.
postgres=#
