转载：http://www.litrin.net/2015/06/10/python%E7%9A%84egg%E5%8C%85/
尽管现在有了wheel这类更为“先进”的包装方式，但无可否认的是egg包+easy_install方式是最为热门的Python扩展包安装方式。何况python的意思是“蝰蛇”，蛇的繁殖方式当然应该是蛋(egg)咯！这些天恰巧我正在制作一系列的Python扩展，这里就简单说说如何制作一个自己的egg包。
首先一个问题是“Python的package是如何定义的？”这个似乎是面试Python程序员最常出现的题目。简而言之，在目录下放置一个__init__.py文件，这个目录就会成为一个package。
首先是制作一个干净的目录用于打包，本例中就简单粗暴的定义为~/project目录，要打包的package就命名为spawn-egg（注：这里只是用来Demo的名字，命名方式并不适合所有的python环境）。目录结构如下：
ilab@iLab-Dev:~/project$ find ./ ./ ./spawn-egg ./spawn-egg/Base.pyc ./spawn-egg/hello.py ./spawn-egg/Base.py ./spawn-egg/__init__.py
然后就是制作一个setup.py脚本，与其说是脚本，这个文件更像是一个配置文件。
vi ~/project/setup.py
from setuptools import setup, find_packages setup( name = "spawn-egg", version="0.1.0", packages = find_packages(), description = "test how to make eggs", author = "Litrin J.", author_email = "[email protected]", license = "GPL", keywords = ("test", "python"), platforms = "Independant", url = "", )
就是一个setup函数，入参真心不少，好在字面上很容易理解它的用途，总结起来就这几个比较常用：
- name：就是名字了
- version：版本号
- packages：包含的package，setuptools自带了一个find_packages()工具可以自动从name同名的folder下找到package。
- description：对于这个包的描述，如果描述内容很长，可以把这里当成摘要，更详细的内容使用long_description参数
- author/author_email：作者和邮箱
- keywords：关键字，便于发布到pip上，用于搜索。
更详细的解释请见
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准备打包环境。打包环境需要setuptools，对于Ubuntu用户来说，直接
apt-get install python-setuptools
生成egg，激动人心的时刻来了！
ilab@iLab-Dev:~/project$ python setup.py bdist_egg running bdist_egg running egg_info creating spawn_egg.egg-info writing spawn_egg.egg-info/PKG-INFO writing top-level names to spawn_egg.egg-info/top_level.txt writing dependency_links to spawn_egg.egg-info/dependency_links.txt writing manifest file 'spawn_egg.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' reading manifest file 'spawn_egg.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' writing manifest file 'spawn_egg.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg running install_lib running build_py creating build creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7 creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg copying spawn-egg/hello.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg copying spawn-egg/Base.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg copying spawn-egg/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64 creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg/hello.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg/Base.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg/hello.py to hello.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg/Base.py to Base.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg/__init__.py to __init__.pyc creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying spawn_egg.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying spawn_egg.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying spawn_egg.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying spawn_egg.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents... creating dist creating 'dist/spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it removing 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it)
OK，egg文件已经在dist文件夹下生成好了，其实就是一个zip文件包，可以简单地用unzip命令check一下！
ilab@iLab-Dev:~/project/dist$ unzip -l spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg Archive: spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg Length Date Time Name --------- ---------- ----- ---- 474 2015-06-10 15:31 spawn-egg/Base.pyc 429 2015-06-10 15:31 spawn-egg/hello.pyc 102 2015-06-10 15:04 spawn-egg/hello.py 137 2015-06-10 15:31 spawn-egg/__init__.pyc 44 2015-06-10 15:04 spawn-egg/Base.py 0 2015-06-10 15:02 spawn-egg/__init__.py 10 2015-06-10 15:31 EGG-INFO/top_level.txt 199 2015-06-10 15:31 EGG-INFO/SOURCES.txt 227 2015-06-10 15:31 EGG-INFO/PKG-INFO 1 2015-06-10 15:31 EGG-INFO/dependency_links.txt 1 2015-06-10 15:31 EGG-INFO/zip-safe --------- ------- 1624 11 files
尝试安装一下
ilab@iLab-Dev:~/project/dist$ sudo easy_install spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg [sudo] password for ilab: Processing spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg creating /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg Extracting spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages Adding spawn-egg 0.1.0 to easy-install.pth file Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg Processing dependencies for spawn-egg==0.1.0 Finished processing dependencies for spawn-egg==0.1.0
没有报错！这个时候/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/就是您安装好的python包，你可以在这里删除/修改您的安装包。