MySQL备份与恢复脚本

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import sys
import MySQLdb
import datetime
import shutil
import traceback

USER = "root"
HOST = "localhost"
PASSWD = "123456"
BACKUP_DAYS = 5
BACKUP_DIR  = "/root/backup"

class BackUpDb(object):
    def __init__(self,host,user,passwd):
        self.host = host
        self.user = user
        self.passwd = passwd
        self.db_connect()

    def db_connect(self):#连接数据库
        self.connect = MySQLdb.connect(
            host = self.host,
            user = self.user,
            passwd = self.passwd
            )

    def set_autocommit(self, status):
        sql = "SET autocommit=%d" % status
        self.db_query(sql)

    def db_close(self):
        self.connect.commit()    #innodb表需要commit
        self.connect.close()

    def db_query(self, sql, result=0):
        db_cursor = self.connect.cursor()
        mod_num = db_cursor.execute(sql)
        ret = db_cursor.fetchall()
        return ret
 
def backup_db():
    conn = BackUpDb(HOST,USER,PASSWD)
    exclude_dbs = [
            "information_schema",
            "mysql",
            "performance_schema",
            "test",
    ]
    sql = "show databases;"
    query_result = conn.db_query(sql)
    conn.db_close()
    
    dbs = []
    for db_name in query_result:
        if db_name[0] not in exclude_dbs:
            dbs.append(db_name[0])
    
    for db in dbs:
        print 'start backupdb:%s'%db
        backup_file_name = "%s_%s_backup.sql"%(db,datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S"))
        d_dir = os.path.join(BACKUP_DIR,datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d"))
        if not os.path.exists(d_dir):
            try:
                os.makedirs(d_dir)
            except:
                traceback.print_exc()
        
        backup_file_name = os.path.join(d_dir,backup_file_name)
        
        command = "mysqldump --default-character-set=utf8 -u%(user)s -p%(pwd)s -B %(db)s -h %(host)s >%(f)s"%{
            "user":USER,
            "db":db,
            "host":HOST,
            "f":backup_file_name,
            "pwd":PASSWD,
        }
        print command
        os.system(command)
        os.system("gzip %s"%backup_file_name)
        
        print 'end backupdb:%s\n'%db
    
    print 'check and delete backups'
    if os.path.exists(BACKUP_DIR):
        count_dirs = 0
        all_backup_day_dirs = os.listdir(BACKUP_DIR)
        all_backup_day_dirs.sort()
        for f in all_backup_day_dirs:
            if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(BACKUP_DIR,f)):
                try:
                    d = datetime.datetime.strptime(f,"%Y%m%d")
                    count_dirs += 1
                except:
                    traceback.print_exc()
        
        #删除多余操作的文件备份
        if count_dirs>BACKUP_DAYS:
            for i  in range(count_dirs - BACKUP_DAYS):
                try:
                    last_d = (datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=BACKUP_DAYS)).strftime("%Y%m%d")
                    if all_backup_day_dirs[i] < last_d:
                        d = os.path.join(BACKUP_DIR,all_backup_day_dirs[i])
                        print "last_d='%s',delete dir ='%s'"%(last_d,d)
                        shutil.rmtree(d)
                except:
                    traceback.print_exc()
    

def restore_db():
    files = os.listdir(".")
    for f in files:
        if os.path.isfile(f) and f.endswith("_backup.sql"):
            db_name = os.path.split(f)[1][:-11]
            print 'start restore:%s'%db_name
            command = u"mysql --default-character-set=utf8 -h %(host)s -u%(user)s -p%(pwd)s < %(f)s"%{
                "f":f,
                "user":USER,
                "pwd":PASSWD,
                "host":HOST,
            }
            print command
            os.system(command)
            print 'end restore:%s\n'%db_name
    
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    u"""
        备份的时候
        1、FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
        2、执行脚本
        3、unlock
        4、/sbin/chkconfig --level 345 mysqld off
    """
    if len(sys.argv)<2: 
        raise Exception("command like this python backup_db backup|restore")
    
    command = sys.argv[1]
    if command not in ["backup","restore"]:
        raise Exception("command like this python backup_db backup|restore")
    
    if command == "backup":
        backup_db()