Mysql的主从部署实践

先放一个Mysql5.7.11安装包的地址
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/17FF4CkWSeknOgctyo4Cdxg
提取码：y891
一.部署第一个节点

[root@hadoop001 local]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql  若有组件则卸载
[root@hadoop001 local]# rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb  若有组件则卸载
[root@hadoop001]# tar xzvf /root/mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@hadoop001 local]#cd /usr/local
[root@hadoop001 local]# mv mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
[root@hadoop001 local]# mkdir mysql/arch mysql/data mysql/tmp
改my.cnf文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8mb4
skip-slave-start
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M
table_open_cache = 512
thread_cache_size = 8
wait_timeout = 86400
interactive_timeout = 86400
max_connections = 600
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
#thread_concurrency = 32 
#isolation level and default engine 
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
server-id  = 128
basedir     = /usr/local/mysql
datadir     = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file     = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid
#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now
binlog_format = ROW
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
log-error  = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
expire_logs_days = 7
innodb_write_io_threads=16
relay-log  = /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log
relay-log-index = /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log.index
relay_log_info_file= /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log.info
log_slave_updates=1
gtid_mode=OFF
enforce_gtid_consistency=OFF
# slave
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=4
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_recovery=ON
#other logs
#general_log =1
#general_log_file  = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err
#for replication slave
sync_binlog = 500
#for innodb options 
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G;ibdata2:1G:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group = 4
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 200M
#根据生产需要，调整pool size 
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M #deprecated in 5.6
tmpdir = /usr/local/mysql/tmp
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 1000
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1
#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb-write-io-threads=4
innodb-io-capacity=200
#purge threads change default(0) to 1 for purge
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_use_native_aio=on
#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table = 1
lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 128M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[root@hadoop001 local]# groupadd -g 101 dba
[root@hadoop001 local]# useradd -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin
[root@hadoop001 local]# cp /etc/skel/.* /usr/local/mysql
[root@hadoop001 local]# vi mysql/.bashrc
追加：
export MYSQL_BASE=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=${MYSQL_BASE}/bin:$PATH
unset USERNAME
#stty erase ^H
set umask to 022
umask 022
PS1=`uname -n`":"'$USER'":"'$PWD'":>"; export PS1
[root@hadoop001 local]# chown  mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf 
[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod  640 /etc/my.cnf  
[root@hadoop001 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql
[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql 
[root@hadoop001 local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
#将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql 
#赋予可执行权限
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
#删除服务
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --del mysql
#添加服务
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# yum -y install libaio
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# sudo su - mysqladmin
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=mysqladmin  --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/  --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --initialize
#查看临时密码：
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/data:>cat hostname.err |grep password    
#启动   	
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
#登录及修改用户密码
mysql -uroot -p
alter user root@localhost identified by 'root123';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root123' ;
flush privileges;
#重启mysql
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/data:>service mysql restart

二.部署第二个节点

[root@hadoop002 local]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql  若有组件则卸载
[root@hadoop002 local]# rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb  若有组件则卸载
[root@hadoop002]# tar xzvf /root/mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@hadoop002 local]#cd /usr/local
[root@hadoop002 local]# mv mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
[root@hadoop002 local]# mkdir mysql/arch mysql/data mysql/tmp
改my.cnf文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8mb4
skip-slave-start
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M
table_open_cache = 512
thread_cache_size = 8
wait_timeout = 86400
interactive_timeout = 86400
max_connections = 600
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
#thread_concurrency = 32 
#isolation level and default engine 
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
server-id  = 129
basedir     = /usr/local/mysql
datadir     = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file     = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid
#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now
binlog_format = ROW
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
log-error  = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
expire_logs_days = 7
innodb_write_io_threads=16
relay-log  = /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log
relay-log-index = /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log.index
relay_log_info_file= /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log.info
log_slave_updates=1
gtid_mode=OFF
enforce_gtid_consistency=OFF
# slave
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=4
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_recovery=ON
#other logs
#general_log =1
#general_log_file  = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err
#for replication slave
sync_binlog = 500
#for innodb options 
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G;ibdata2:1G:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group = 4
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 200M
#根据生产需要，调整pool size 
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M #deprecated in 5.6
tmpdir = /usr/local/mysql/tmp
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 1000
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1
#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb-write-io-threads=4
innodb-io-capacity=200
#purge threads change default(0) to 1 for purge
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_use_native_aio=on
#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table = 1
lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 128M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[root@hadoop002 local]# groupadd -g 101 dba
[root@hadoop002 local]# useradd -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin
[root@hadoop002 local]# cp /etc/skel/.* /usr/local/mysql
[root@hadoop002 local]# vi mysql/.bashrc
追加：
export MYSQL_BASE=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=${MYSQL_BASE}/bin:$PATH
unset USERNAME
#stty erase ^H
set umask to 022
umask 022
PS1=`uname -n`":"'$USER'":"'$PWD'":>"; export PS1
[root@hadoop002 local]# chown  mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf 
[root@hadoop002 local]# chmod  640 /etc/my.cnf  
[root@hadoop002 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql
[root@hadoop002 local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql 
[root@hadoop002 local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
#将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
[root@hadoop002 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql 
#赋予可执行权限
[root@hadoop002 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
#删除服务
[root@hadoop002 mysql]# chkconfig --del mysql
#添加服务
[root@hadoop002 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@hadoop002 mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
#安装libaio及安装mysql的初始db 
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# yum -y install libaio
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# sudo su - mysqladmin
hadoop002:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=mysqladmin  --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/  --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --initialize
#查看临时密码：
hadoop002:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/data:>cat hostname.err |grep password    
#启动   	
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
#登录及修改用户密码
mysql -uroot -p
alter user root@localhost identified by 'root123';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root123' ;
flush privileges;
#重启mysql
hadoop002:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/data:>service mysql restart

三.在主服务器上创建并授权授权salve节点

mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'%' identified by 'slave123';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 |      593 |   

四.根据以上主节点的值在slave节点上进行配置

从库上配置：
  change master to
  master_host='192.168.63.128',
  master_port=3306,
  master_user='repluser',
  master_password='slave123',
  master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
  master_log_pos=593;

五.启动slave节点的状态进行验证

 mysql> start slave;
 mysql> show slave status\G
 查看其中的Slave_IO_Running: Yes    和Slave_SQL_Running: Yes的值是否为yes，为yes则正常

六.过程中的异常处理
配置完主从后,如果更改了从库,且主库发生的数据改变和从库刚刚更改的内容发生冲突会导致接下来的同步出现问题.同时Slave_SQL_Running: No
解决思路:跳过slave上的1个错误
在slave上执行如下命令:

mysql>stop slave;
mysql>set  global sql_slave_skip_counter=1;
mysql>start slave;

默认的字符集在此设定的是utfmb4，若有修改直接修改上边[mysqld]、[mysql]、[client]三处中相应的配置选项即可。

ps:针对目前爆出的mysql远程代码执行等漏洞此版本也在此列，针对root之下的启动以及非root之下的启动安全本人更倾向于在非root用户之下启动感觉更符合目前企业生产环境的需要，不幸的是mysql5.7系列以下均有此漏洞，即若从根本上规避此问题那必须上8系列版本的mysql，此举对追求稳定而非最新的生产环境来说也是一大隐患，所以对此多漏洞可采取其他手段进行防护。