Beats数据采集
Beats是elastic公司的一款轻量级数据采集产品，它包含了几个子产品：
packetbeat(用于监控网络流量)、
filebeat(用于监听日志数据，可以替代logstash-input-file)、
topbeat(用于搜集进程的信息、负载、内存、磁盘等数据)、
winlogbeat(用于搜集windows事件日志)
另外社区还提供了dockerbeat等工具。由于他们都是基于libbeat写出来的，因此配置上基本相同，只是input输入的地方各有差异。
本文按照如下的内容依次进行介绍：
背景知识：关于Powershell的使用
packetbeat的下载、部署、使用、结果样例
filebeat的下载、部署、使用、样例
topbeat的样例
winlogbeat的样例
关于Powershell
如果你是想在linux下使用，那么可以跳过本节。
elastic中的Beats在windows环境中基本都是使用Powershell的脚本，因此用户必须对Powershell有一定的了解。Powershell可以理解成windows对命令行的高级封装，加了个壳，从而支持更多高级的用法。在windows7开始，系统就内置了Powershell工具。因此如果你的系统是xp这种比较老的版本，就需要自己安装Powershell了。
启动Powershell
在windows下，有两种方式打开Powershell（要以管理员的身份打开）。
通过图标打开
在windows下开启搜索，输入powershell，右键以管理员身份运行。
通过命令行启动
在系统路径C:\Windows\System32下，以管理员身份启动cmd.exe（右键选择 以管理员身份运行）。
输入命令Powershell，进入Powershell命令窗口。
C:\Windows\system32>Powershell
Windows PowerShell
版权所有 (C) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
PS C:\Windows\system32>
开启脚本限制
默认的情况下，系统会禁止运行脚本，返回下面的错误提示：
PS E:\packetbeat> .\install-service-packetbeat.ps1
无法加载文件 E:\packetbeat\install-service-packetbeat.ps1，因为在此系统中禁止执
行脚本。有关详细信息，请参阅 "get-help about_signing"。
所在位置 行:1 字符: 33
- .\install-service-packetbeat.ps1 <<<<
- CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [], PSSecurityException
- FullyQualifiedErrorId : RuntimeException
需要修改该参数执行下面的命令，开启Powershell脚本功能：
PS E:\packetbeat> set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Packetbeat 网络流量监控
Packetbeat属于beats产品的一部分，专门负责网络数据包分析，可以:
针对特定的网卡监听流量;
可以设置相关的监听对象和端口号,支持dns,http,memcahce,mysql,pgsql,redis,thrift,mongodb等;
可以输出到特定的目的地，如elasticsearch、logstash、file、console等。
下载
https://www.elastic.co/downloads/beats
部署
linux环境
第一步，解压缩
下载.tar.gz的安装包后，解压：
tar -zxvf packetbeat-1.2.3-x86_64.tar.gz
进入解压后的文件夹，里面有3个文件：
--- packetbeat #启动文件
--- packetbeat.template.json #Elasticsearch中的映射配置
--- packetbeat.yml #Packetbeat的配置文件
第二步，修改配置文件
配置文件包括了几大部分：
配置网络监听的显卡
interfaces:
device:any
配置协议
protocols:
http:
ports:[80,8080,9000]
redis:
ports:[6379]
配置输出
output:
elasticsearch:
hosts:["localhost:9200"]
inex:"packetbeat"
template:
name:"packetbeat"
path:"packetbeat.template.json"
overwrite:false
logstah:
hosts:["localhost:5044"]
file:
path:"/tmp/packetbeat"
filename:packetbeat
console:
shipper:
logging:
第三步，运行
正常的运行：
./packetbeat
如果想要后台运行，则可以像下面这样:
nohup ./packetbeat &
默认日志都会输出到nohup.out中。
windows环境
第一步，解压
相比linux，多了两个powershell的脚本。
--- install-service-packetbeat.ps1 # 注册脚本
--- uninstall-service-packetbeat.ps1 # 注销脚本
--- packetbeat.exe #启动文件
--- packetbeat.template.json #Elasticsearch中的映射配置
--- packetbeat.yml #Packetbeat的配置文件
第二步，以管理员身份进入命令行，运行注册脚本
进入指定的目录，运行注册脚本。
.\install-service-winlogbeat.ps1
第三步，启动服务
Start-Service packetbeat.exe
对接Elasticsearch
Packetbeat配置如下：
elasticsearch:
hosts: ["localhost:9200"]
index: "packetbeat"
template:
name: "packetbeat"
path: "packetbeat.template.json"
对接logstash
Packetbeat配置如下:
logstash:
# The Logstash hosts
hosts: ["localhost:5044"]
logstash采用logstash-input-beats接收，配置可以参考如下：
input{
beats{
port => 5044
}
stdin{}
}
output{
stdout{
codec => rubydebug
}
file{
path => "E:\server.log"
}
}
存储到file
PacketBeat配置:
file:
path: "E:/packetbeat"
filename: packetbeat
默认是按照文件大小轮询。
日志管理
日志可以设置输出的位置，以及级别。跟平常使用的log4j差不多：
logging:
files:
path: E:/mybeat
name: mybeat
level: debug
Packetbeat监听到的内容
{
"_index": "packetbeat-2016.08.01",
"_type": "dns",
"_id": "AVZELeQzbZnlZq0jh6Vk",
"_version": 1,
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"@timestamp": "2016-08-01T03:37:53.106Z",
"beat": {
"hostname": "XINGHL",
"name": "XINGHL"
},
"bytes_in": 31,
"bytes_out": 260,
"client_ip": "10.4.45.44",
"client_port": 51599,
"client_proc": "",
"client_server": "",
"count": 1,
"direction": "out",
"dns": {
"additionals": [
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "115.239.210.176",
"name": "ns4.a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 281,
"type": "A"
},
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "119.75.222.17",
"name": "ns5.a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 281,
"type": "A"
},
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "61.135.165.224",
"name": "ns1.a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 281,
"type": "A"
},
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "180.149.133.241",
"name": "ns2.a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 281,
"type": "A"
},
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "61.135.162.215",
"name": "ns3.a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 281,
"type": "A"
}
],
"additionals_count": 5,
"answers": [
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "www.a.shifen.com",
"name": "sp1.baidu.com",
"ttl": 33,
"type": "CNAME"
},
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "61.135.169.125",
"name": "www.a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 282,
"type": "A"
},
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "61.135.169.121",
"name": "www.a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 282,
"type": "A"
}
],
"answers_count": 3,
"authorities": [
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "ns5.a.shifen.com",
"name": "a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 1182,
"type": "NS"
},
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "ns1.a.shifen.com",
"name": "a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 1182,
"type": "NS"
},
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "ns3.a.shifen.com",
"name": "a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 1182,
"type": "NS"
},
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "ns2.a.shifen.com",
"name": "a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 1182,
"type": "NS"
},
{
"class": "IN",
"data": "ns4.a.shifen.com",
"name": "a.shifen.com",
"ttl": 1182,
"type": "NS"
}
],
"authorities_count": 5,
"flags": {
"authoritative": false,
"recursion_allowed": true,
"recursion_desired": true,
"truncated_response": false
},
"id": 32509,
"op_code": "QUERY",
"question": {
"class": "IN",
"name": "sp1.baidu.com",
"type": "A"
},
"response_code": "NOERROR"
},
"ip": "210.83.210.155",
"method": "QUERY",
"port": 53,
"proc": "",
"query": "class IN, type A, sp1.baidu.com",
"resource": "sp1.baidu.com",
"responsetime": 1,
"server": "",
"status": "OK",
"transport": "udp",
"type": "dns"
}
}
filebeat 日志监听
filebeat是Beats的重要组成部分，它可以作为轻量级的数据采集引擎，替代之前的logstash-forward。
下载
https://www.elastic.co/downloads/beats
说明
filebeat.yml为filebeat的配置文件,包括下面几个部分：
-- filebeat # 配置filebeat监听的对象，即文件路径或者目录的路径
-- output # 输出配置，支持es,logstash,file,console等
-- shipper
-- logging # 配置日志
filebeat.template.json 为默认提供的elasticsearch映射模板
filebeat为主要的执行程序
运行
linux环境
运行命令解压安装包——filebeat.tar.gz
tar -zxvf filebeat.tar.gz
编辑filebeat.yml
vim filebeat.yml
启动filebeat
nohup ./filebeat &
windows环境
以管理员身份运行cmd, 并执行Powershell命令，进入PS模式.启动filebeat注册脚本:
C:\Windows\system32>Powershell
Windows PowerShell
版权所有 (C) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
PS C:\Windows\system32> e:
PS E:> cd .\filebeat-1.2.3-windows
PS E:\filebeat-1.2.3-windows> dir
目录: E:\filebeat-1.2.3-windowsMode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
----- 2016/5/18 4:33 10361856 filebeat.exe
----- 2016/5/18 4:33 814 filebeat.template.json
----- 2016/5/18 4:33 17533 filebeat.yml
----- 2016/5/18 4:33 442 install-service-filebeat.ps1
----- 2016/5/18 4:33 184 uninstall-service-filebeat.ps1
PS E:\filebeat-1.2.3-windows> .\install-service-filebeat.ps1
Status Name DisplayName
------ ---- -----------
Stopped filebeat filebeat
编辑配置文件,filebeat.yml
启动filebeat文件
PS E:\filebeat-1.2.3-windows> Start-Service filebeat
样例
{
"_index": "filebeat-2016.08.01",
"_type": "log",
"_id": "AVZE1AMfbZnlZq0jh6cF",
"_version": 1,
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"@timestamp": "2016-08-01T06:39:15.193Z",
"beat": {
"hostname": "XINGHL",
"name": "XINGHL"
},
"count": 1,
"fields": null,
"input_type": "log",
"message": "hello filebeat",
"offset": 22988,
"source": "e:\logs\test.log",
"type": "log"
}
}
topbeat 监听进程资源信息
启动方式与前面几种类似，这里就不过多赘述了。
topbeat - windows版
{
"_index": "topbeat-windows-2016.08.01",
"_type": "process",
"_id": "AVZE7zC6bZnlZq0jh8QD",
"_version": 1,
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"@timestamp": "2016-08-01T07:09:01.206Z",
"beat": {
"hostname": "XINGHL",
"name": "XINGHL"
},
"count": 1,
"proc": {
"cmdline": "%SystemRoot%\system32\csrss.exe ObjectDirectory=\Windows SharedSection=1024,20480,768 Windows=On SubSystemType=Windows ServerDll=basesrv,1 ServerDll=winsrv:UserServerDllInitialization,3 ServerDll=winsrv:ConServerDllInitialization,2 ServerDll=sxssrv,4 ProfileControl=Off MaxRequestThreads=16",
"cpu": {
"user": 5538,
"user_p": 0,
"system": 7753,
"total": 13291,
"start_time": "Jan01"
},
"mem": {
"size": 3391488,
"rss": 3366912,
"rss_p": 0,
"share": 0
},
"name": "csrss.exe",
"pid": 544,
"ppid": 0,
"state": "running",
"username": "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
},
"type": "process"
}
}
topbeat - linux版本
{
"_index": "topbeat-2016.08.01",
"_type": "process",
"_id": "AVZE6Mh4bZnlZq0jh6jT",
"_version": 1,
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"@timestamp": "2016-08-01T07:01:09.641Z",
"beat": {
"hostname": "10.0.67.101",
"name": "10.0.67.101"
},
"count": 1,
"proc": {
"cpu": {
"user": 0,
"user_p": 0,
"system": 0,
"total": 0,
"start_time": "Jul06"
},
"mem": {
"size": 0,
"rss": 0,
"rss_p": 0,
"share": 0
},
"name": "migration/0",
"pid": 5,
"ppid": 2,
"state": "sleeping",
"username": "root"
},
"type": "process"
}
}
winlogbeat windows事件监听
启动方式与前面几种类似，这里就不过多赘述了。
{
"_index": "winlogbeat-2015.11.09",
"_type": "wineventlog",
"_id": "AVZE_J7FbZnlZq0jh_sL",
"_version": 1,
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"@timestamp": "2015-11-09T00:28:50.953Z",
"beat": {
"hostname": "XINGHL",
"name": "XINGHL"
},
"computer_name": "xinghailong",
"count": 1,
"event_id": 35,
"level": "信息",
"log_name": "System",
"message": "时间服务现在用时间源 time.neusoft.com,0x9 (ntp.m|0x9|0.0.0.0:123->202.118.6.8:123) 同步系统时间。",
"record_number": "25479",
"source_name": "Microsoft-Windows-Time-Service",
"type": "wineventlog",
"user": {
"domain": "NT AUTHORITY",
"identifier": "S-1-5-19",
"name": "LOCAL SERVICE",
"type": "Well Known Group"
}
}
}
参考
1 官方文档
2 ELK Beats文档
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