1、环境介绍
OS环境：Linux7.4
MySQL环境：5.7
主库IP：192.168.59.21
从库IP：192.168.59.22
搭建主从库前确保主从机都搭建了MySQL
2、主库启用二进制日志
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| log_bin | OFF |
| log_bin_basename | |
| log_bin_index | |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
+---------------------------------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
**可以使用默认数据库安装位置/var/lib/mysql,也可以自己创建**
[root@mysql57 mysql]# mkdir bin_log
[root@mysql57 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/bin_log
[root@mysql57 mysql]# ls -ld /var/lib/mysql/bin_log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 19 19:39 /var/lib/mysql/bin_log
[root@mysql57 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
log-bin=/var/lib/mysql/bin_log/mysql-bin.log
binlog_format=ROW
expire_logs_days=10
server_id=1
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin%';
mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 177 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 154 |
+------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 154 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@mysql57 bin_log]# ls -lrt /var/lib/mysql/bin_log
total 12
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 177 Jan 19 19:44 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 80 Jan 19 19:44 mysql-bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 154 Jan 19 19:44 mysql-bin.000002
**主从库都创建用于测试的DB：**
mysql> create database test_slave_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
**主库指定用于二进制日志的数据库**
将binlog-do-db=test_slave_db添加到/etc/my.cnf中然后重启mysqld服务
mysql> show master status;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 2
Current database: log
+------------------+----------+---------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+---------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 154 | test_slave_db | | |
+------------------+----------+---------------+------------------+-------------------+
3、主库创建用于同步的账号
mysql> create user 'slave'@'192.168.59.%' identified by 'slave';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0
-> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create user 'slave'@'192.168.59.%' identified by 'slave';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@'192.168.59.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+--------------+
| user | host |
+---------------+--------------+
| lissen | % |
| slave | 192.168.59.% |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+---------------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+---------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+---------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 154 | test_slave_db | | |
+------------------+----------+---------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4、从库启动二进制日志并设置数据库只读，并指定要复制的数据库
从库：
[root@mysql57-slave ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#添加的部分
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin.log
replicate-do-db=test_slave_db
read_only=1
#read_only参数表示普通用户不能修改数据库，超级用户可以修改数据库
重启mysqld
systemctl restart mysqld
5、从库连接主库并开始接受二进制日志
查看主库当前使用的二进制的日志文件
主库：
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+---------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+---------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 154 | test_slave_db | | |
+------------------+----------+---------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
连接主库并启动slave
从库：
[root@mysql57-slave ~]# mysql -h localhost -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.59.21',master_user='slave',master_password='slave',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.59.21
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql57-slave-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
主要是这2个参数
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB: test_slave_db
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 154
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.59.21
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql57-slave-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
**这2个参数变成Yes表明配置成功**
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: test_slave_db
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 535
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: b8d8cf7b-39c9-11ea-993f-000c294eaa12
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6、测试主从是否同步
主库：
mysql> use test_slave_db
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(id int,name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show tables t1;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 't1' at line 1
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------------+
| Tables_in_test_slave_db |
+-------------------------+
| t1 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'xiaolong'),(2,'xiaoming');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t2;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test_slave_db.t2' doesn't exist
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 1 | xiaolong |
| 2 | xiaoming |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从库：
mysql> use test_slave_db;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------------+
| Tables_in_test_slave_db |
+-------------------------+
| t1 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 1 | xiaolong |
| 2 | xiaoming |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
