Python3网络爬虫——（2）设置User Agent模拟浏览器访问

设置User Agent模拟浏览器访问

方法一、使用build_opener()修改报头

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 使用 build_opener() 修改报头

from urllib import request

if __name__ == "__main__" :

url= "https://blog.csdn.net/asialee_bird/article/details/79673860"

headers=( "User-Agent" , "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.168 Safari/537.36" )

opener=request. build_opener ()

opener.addheaders=[headers]

file=opener. open (url)

data=file. read ()

print (data)

方法二、使用add_header修改报头

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 使用 add_header 修改报头

from urllib import request

if __name__ == "__main__" :

url= "https://blog.csdn.net/asialee_bird/article/details/79673860"

req=request. Request (url) # 创建一个 Request 对象

req. add_header ( "User-Agent" , "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.168 Safari/537.36" )

file=request. urlopen (req)

data=file. read ()

data=data. decode ( 'utf-8' ) # 对读取的信息进行解码

print (data)

结果：

方法三、

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from urllib import request

if __name__ == "__main__" :

# 以 CSDN 为例， CSDN 不更改 User Agent 是无法访问的

url = 'http://www.csdn.net/'

head = {}

# 写入 User Agent 信息

head[ 'User-Agent' ] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.168 Safari/537.36'

req = request. Request (url, headers =head) # 创建 Request 对象

response = request. urlopen (req) # 传入创建好的 Request 对象

html = response. read (). decode ( 'utf-8' ) # 读取响应信息并解码

print (html) # 打印信息

注： 常见的User Agent

1.Android

• Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.1.1; Nexus 7 Build/JRO03D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Safari/535.19
• Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.4; en-gb; GT-I9300 Build/IMM76D) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30
• Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.2; en-gb; GT-P1000 Build/FROYO) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1

2.Firefox

• Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0
• Mozilla/5.0 (Android; Mobile; rv:14.0) Gecko/14.0 Firefox/14.0

3.Google Chrome

• Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36
• Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.0.4; Galaxy Nexus Build/IMM76B) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.133 Mobile Safari/535.19

4.iOS

• Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 5_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/534.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Mobile/9A334 Safari/7534.48.3
• Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU like Mac OS X; en) AppleWebKit/420.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0 Mobile/3A101a Safari/419.3

     上面列举了Andriod、Firefox、Google Chrome、iOS的一些User Agent，直接copy就能用