[Leetcode]-15 3Sum

转载地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4481576.html

Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Note:

Elements in a triplet (a,b,c) must be in non-descending order. (ie, a ≤ b ≤ c)
The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

    For example, given array S = {-1 0 1 2 -1 -4},

    A solution set is:
    (-1, 0, 1)
    (-1, -1, 2)

这道题让我们求三数之和，比之前那道Two Sum 两数之和要复杂一些，我们还是要首先对原数组进行排序，然后开始遍历排序后的数组，这里注意不是遍历到最后一个停止，而是到倒数第三个就可以了，然后我们还要加上重复就跳过的处理，对于遍历到的数，我们用0减去这个数得到一个sum，我们只需要再之后找到两个数之和等于sum即可，这样一来问题又转化为了求two sum，这时候我们一次扫描，找到了等于sum的两数后，加上当前遍历到的数字，按顺序存入结果中即可，然后还要注意跳过重复数字。代码如下：

解法一：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& nums) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        for (int k = 0; k < nums.size(); ++k) {
            if (nums[k] > 0) break;
            if (k > 0 && nums[k] == nums[k - 1]) continue;
            int target = 0 - nums[k];
            int i = k + 1, j = nums.size() - 1;
            while (i < j) {
                if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {
                    res.push_back({nums[k], nums[i], nums[j]});
                    while (i < j && nums[i] == nums[i + 1]) ++i;
                    while (i < j && nums[j] == nums[j - 1]) --j;
                    ++i; --j;
                } else if (nums[i] + nums[j] < target) ++i;
                else --j;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

或者我们也可以利用set的不能包含重复项的特点来防止重复项的产生，参见代码如下：

解法二：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& nums) {
        set<vector<int>> res;
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        for (int k = 0; k < nums.size(); ++k) {
            if (nums[k] > 0) break;
            int target = 0 - nums[k];
            int i = k + 1, j = nums.size() - 1;
            while (i < j) {
                if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {
                    res.insert({nums[k], nums[i], nums[j]});
                    while (i < j && nums[i] == nums[i + 1]) ++i;
                    while (i < j && nums[j] == nums[j - 1]) --j;
                    ++i; --j;
                } else if (nums[i] + nums[j] < target) ++i;
                else --j;
            }
        }
        return vector<vector<int>>(res.begin(), res.end());
    }
};

参考资料：

http://www.cnblogs.com/tenosdoit/p/3649607.html

https://leetcode.com/discuss/23638/concise-o-n-2-java-solution

https://leetcode.com/discuss/50145/clean-straightforward-solution-using-2sum

http://www.lifeincode.net/programming/leetcode-two-sum-3-sum-3-sum-closest-and-4-sum-java/

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