有的时候，我们无法启动Oracle的图形界面，那么一定要保持淡定、从容，显示身为一个DBA的专业性的时刻到了
打开黑底的terminal（crt、ssh都可以哈）开始进行静默安装oracle soft & instance。
下面是在Linux平台上静默安装的栗子：
检查内存、磁盘空间、系统版本
[root@localhost ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 515308 kB
[root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal: 1044216 kB
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.18-194.el5 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010检查软件包
[root@localhost Server]# rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' \binutils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libgcc libstdc++ make sysstat
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5 (i386)
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5 (i386)
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5 (i386)
gcc-4.1.2-48.el5 (i386)
gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5 (i386)
glibc-2.5-49 (i686)
glibc-common-2.5-49 (i386)
glibc-devel-2.5-49 (i386)
glibc-headers-2.5-49 (i386)
libaio-0.3.106-5 (i386)
libgcc-4.1.2-48.el5 (i386)
libstdc++-4.1.2-48.el5 (i386)
make-3.81-3.el5 (i386)
sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5 (i386)创建用户及用户组
[root@localhost Server]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost Server]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost Server]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle
[root@localhost Server]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.内核修改
修改配置文件： /etc/sysctl.conf ，， /etc/security/limits.conf，，/etc/pam.d/login
- 修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件
[root@localhost Server]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmall = 268435456
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65535
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
"/etc/sysctl.conf" 44L, 1227C written使刚刚的修改生效
[root@localhost Server]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmall = 268435456
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65535
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144- 修改/etc/security/limits.conf 文件
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
# End of file
"/etc/security/limits.conf" 53L, 1897C written- 修改 /etc/pam.d/login 文件
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth include system-auth
account required pam_nologin.so
account include system-auth
password include system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session required pam_selinux.so close
session include system-auth
session required pam_loginuid.so
session optional pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session required pam_selinux.so open
session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session required pam_limits.so
"/etc/pam.d/login" 15L, 674C written创建Oracle所需目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# mkdir oracle
[root@localhost opt]# mkdir software
[root@localhost opt]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle/
[root@localhost opt]# chown -R oracle:oinstall software/
[root@localhost opt]# ls -l
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 5 01:03 oracle
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 5 01:12 software 开始安装oracle软件
修改配置文件
cd /u01/soft/database/response
mv db_install.rsp db_install.rsp_old
vi db_install.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/u01/soft/database/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=bidev
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=dba
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11204/db_1
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="oradb"
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=DATA_WAREHOUSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=20000
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=welcome1
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/oradata/cc
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=在以上的输出中提到了，需要使用root用户的运行脚本：
[root@localhost logs]# /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /opt/oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /opt/oracle/oraInventory to dba.
The execution of the script is complete.[root@localhost logs]# /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/root.sh
Check /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2012-09-05_02-01-01.log for the output of root script- 登录数据库检查版本：
[oracle@localhost database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 星期三 9月 5 02:02:09 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>可以正常登录数据库即可，由于目前还没有创建数据库实例，所以会显示为“an idle instance”
开始静默建库
由于我们采用的是静默安装（不启动图形），那么在安装过程中那些需要交互的值，需要我们提前编辑到配置文件中去。
如：数据库名称，字符集设置 等。。
[oracle@localhost response]$ cat /opt/software/database/response/mydb.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "ora11g"
SID = "ora11g"
TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/opt/oracle/oradata"
STORAGETYPE=FS
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
DATABASETYPE = "MULTIPURPOSE"
AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"一切准备就绪之后，可以开始静默安装数据库实例了。
进入到漫长的等待时间中。。由于没有了进度条，还好oracle会有进度 xx%的提示。
[oracle@localhost response]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/software/database/response/mydb.rsp
Creating and starting Oracle instance
1% complete
3% complete
Creating database files
4% complete
7% complete
Creating data dictionary views
8% complete
9% complete
10% complete
11% complete
12% complete
13% complete
14% complete
16% complete
17% complete
18% complete
19% complete
Adding Oracle JVM
25% complete
30% complete
36% complete
38% complete
Adding Oracle Text
39% complete
40% complete
41% complete
Adding Oracle XML DB
43% complete
44% complete
45% complete
49% complete
Adding Oracle Multimedia
50% complete
60% complete
Adding Oracle OLAP
61% complete
62% complete
64% complete
Adding Oracle Spatial
65% complete
66% complete
67% complete
71% complete
Adding Enterprise Manager Repository
73% complete
75% complete
Adding Oracle Application Express
78% complete
82% complete
Adding Oracle Warehouse Builder
86% complete
90% complete
Completing Database Creation
91% complete
92% complete
93% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11g/ora11g.log" for further details.
此时我们也可以通过日志文件，知晓数据库安装过程中的详细信息。
检查建库是否成功
[oracle@localhost response]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 星期三 9月 5 17:57:40 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - ProductionSQL> select instance_name,version from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME VERSION
-------------------------- -----------------
ora11g 11.2.0.3.0
SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE
--------- --------------------
ORA11G READ WRITE