最近在给一客户做网站，用的是php，现在需要有一个下拉框选择省市，并且需要保存省市的简拼，如“河北 HB”。我在网上找了半天，发现基本没有符合要求的代码，于是自己顶着浪费巨大时间的风险，动手写了一个自动生成省市二级联动insert语句的代码。由于时间仓促，自己的水平也有限，所以写的代码基本谈不上是合理的，可维护，可扩展的。我在此仅提供一个具体的思路，想把它写的漂亮点，还请广大朋友们跟据自己的需要进行重构。^o^ 还有，最后结果直接输出到了控制台，请大家直接复制到一个文本文件中，并把扩展名改为.sql。在源代码里，我用到了LinkedHashMap这个集合类，目的是为了保持集合元素的顺序。
所用工具：Eclipse，汉字转拼音工具包:pinyin4j 2.5 可点击下载，也可在我的源代码包里找到
所用语言：java
相关文件：CSDN博客不能上传附件，所以我传到百度网盘了，请大家费些心下载，不能下载的请留言告知。
数据来源于谷歌地图
注意：由于我不想把省、市、区这样的字也转换成拼音，如河北省转换为HBS，北京市转换为BJS，我把省、市、区相关字样已删除，但我也保留了原文件，有需要的可以下载。
表结构：
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `city` (
`id` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`type` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`parent_id` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`short` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
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具体实现请看以下代码：
package com.zxq.pinyin;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.PinyinHelper;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinCaseType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinOutputFormat;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinToneType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinVCharType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.exception.BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination;
public class Covert {
/**
* 汉字转拼音，并将结果保存到省或市的map中
* @param words 需要转换的字符串
* @param provinceOrCity 省或市的Map
*/
public static void wordToPinYinSZM(String words, Map<String, String> provinceOrCity) {
//调用Pinyin4J的方法
//定义拼音输出格式
HanyuPinyinOutputFormat hof = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat();
//大写
hof.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.UPPERCASE);
//不包含声调
hof.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE);
//u用V表示
hof.setVCharType(HanyuPinyinVCharType.WITH_V);
//由于只能对单字转换，所以需要把字符串转换为字符数组
char[] characters = words.toCharArray();
try {
//StringBuilder存放结果
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i < characters.length; i++) {
//调用汉字转拼音核心方法，大家可以看到返回的是一个数组，因为有的汉字有多音字，所以可能返回多个
//拼音结果，对此，我只取第一个,pinyinArray[0]，这样做不好的地方就是可能有的简拼不准确，例如
//“重庆”我得到的是ZQ，zhong qing，这一点有待完善
String[] pinyinArray = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray(characters[i], hof);
//substring(0, 1)则表示只取首字母
sb.append(pinyinArray[0].substring(0, 1));
}
//放入省或市的Map中
provinceOrCity.put(words, sb.toString());
} catch (BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
//读取事先定义好的省市文本文件，第一行为省/直辖市，第二行为各地级市
File provinceFile = new File("F:\\province_city\\province.txt");
//定义保存省、市数据的数据结构。从里向外看，Map<String, String>保存的是 “省=>简拼” 这样的数据
//如“河北=>HB”。List里面的Map<String, String>则保存着“市=>简拼”的数据，如“保定=>BD”，而list集合
//保存该省下所有市的集合。最外层的Map就是“省=>各市集合”的关联集合，这样省市关系就确定了。
Map<Map<String, String>, List<Map<String, String>>> provinceCity = new LinkedHashMap<Map<String, String>, List<Map<String, String>>>();
try {
//定义输入流，可以使用readline()读取一行
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(provinceFile), "UTF-8"));
String provinceName = "";
while ((provinceName = br.readLine()) != null) { //先读第一行，省的名字
//定义保存“省=>简拼”的Map
Map<String, String> province = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
//定义保存“市=>简拼”Map的List集合，结构为[{保定=>BD}, {沧州=>CZ},……]
List<Map<String, String>> citiesArray = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
//调用汉字转拼音方法
wordToPinYinSZM(provinceName.trim(), province);
//读取第二行，该省下的所有市区
String cityNames = br.readLine();
//文件中的每个市区用两个空格格开，所以以两个空格分隔成市区的数组
String[] cities = cityNames.split(" ");
for(int j = 0; j < cities.length; j++) {
//定义保存“市=>简拼”Map
Map<String, String> city = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
String cityName = cities[j].trim();
//调用汉字转拼音方法
wordToPinYinSZM(cityName, city);
//添加到list集合中
citiesArray.add(city);
}
//添加到“省=>市的集合”的Map中
provinceCity.put(province, citiesArray);
}
//调用转换为sql语句的代码
convertMapToSql(provinceCity);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 把“省=>市的集合”Map转换为SQL语句
* @param provinceCity
*/
public static void convertMapToSql(Map<Map<String, String>, List<Map<String, String>>> provinceCity) {
//获取最外层Map的EntrySet 结构为[{河北=>HB, [{保定=>BD}, {石家庄=>sjz},{……}]},{……}]
Set<Entry<Map<String, String>, List<Map<String, String>>>> provinceEnties = provinceCity.entrySet();
//获取迭代器
Iterator<Entry<Map<String, String>, List<Map<String, String>>>> itPE = provinceEnties.iterator();
//定义数据库中，省的ID从1000000开始
long provinceId = 1000000;
while(itPE.hasNext()) {
//获取一个Entry键-值对
Entry<Map<String, String>, List<Map<String, String>>> proviceEntry = itPE.next();
//Key为省，Value为市的List集合
Map<String, String> provinces = proviceEntry.getKey();
//获取省份的Entry，结构为[{河北=>HB}, {北京=>BJ}] key为中文，value为简拼
Set<Entry<String, String>> proEntries = provinces.entrySet();
Iterator<Entry<String, String>> proIt = proEntries.iterator();
while(proIt.hasNext()) {
Entry<String, String> proEntry = proIt.next();
String provinceName = proEntry.getKey();
String provincePinYin = proEntry.getValue();
//组合sql语句
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
//定义的表结构为:id, type, name, short，分别为id,类型（1为1级，如省，2为2级，如市）,父ID即市的所属省份, 名字, 简拼
sb.append("insert into city values ('");
sb.append(provinceId).append("','").append("1','','").append(provinceName).append("', '").append(provincePinYin).append("');");
//我没有生成sql文件，而是直接显示在console里面，大家可以直接从里面复制
System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
//获取当前省下所有市区，迭代方法与上面类似，请注意这里面的循环比较多，请大家注意分辨。
List<Map<String, String>> cities = proviceEntry.getValue();
Iterator<Map<String, String>> citiesIt = cities.iterator();
long cityId = provinceId;//市的ID直接从省的ID开始递增，每次递增50
while (citiesIt.hasNext()) {
Map<String, String> city = citiesIt.next();
Set<Entry<String, String>> cityEntries = city.entrySet();
Iterator<Entry<String, String>> cityIt = cityEntries.iterator();
cityId += 50;//市的ID，先递增50，避免与省份ID相同
while(cityIt.hasNext()) {
Entry<String, String> cityEntry = cityIt.next();
String cityName = cityEntry.getKey();
String cityPinYin = cityEntry.getValue();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("insert into city values ('");
sb.append(cityId).append("','").append("2','").append(provinceId).append("','").append(cityName).append("', '").append(cityPinYin).append("');");
System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
}
//省份ID以10000递增
provinceId += 10000;
}
}
}
insert into city values ('1000000','1','','北京', 'BJ');
insert into city values ('1000050','2','1000000','东城', 'DC');
insert into city values ('1000100','2','1000000','西城', 'XC');
insert into city values ('1000150','2','1000000','朝阳', 'CY');
insert into city values ('1000200','2','1000000','丰台', 'FT');
insert into city values ('1000250','2','1000000','石景山', 'SJS');
insert into city values ('1000300','2','1000000','海淀', 'HD');
insert into city values ('1000350','2','1000000','门头沟', 'MTG');
insert into city values ('1000400','2','1000000','房山', 'FS');
insert into city values ('1000450','2','1000000','通州', 'TZ');
insert into city values ('1000500','2','1000000','顺义', 'SY');
insert into city values ('1000550','2','1000000','昌平', 'CP');
insert into city values ('1000600','2','1000000','大兴', 'DX');
insert into city values ('1000650','2','1000000','怀柔', 'HR');
insert into city values ('1000700','2','1000000','平谷', 'PG');
insert into city values ('1000750','2','1000000','密云县', 'MYX');
insert into city values ('1000800','2','1000000','延庆县', 'YQX');
insert into city values ('1010000','1','','天津', 'TJ');
insert into city values ('1010050','2','1010000','和平', 'HP');
insert into city values ('1010100','2','1010000','河东', 'HD');
insert into city values ('1010150','2','1010000','河西', 'HX');
insert into city values ('1010200','2','1010000','南开', 'NK');
insert into city values ('1010250','2','1010000','河北', 'HB');
insert into city values ('1010300','2','1010000','红桥', 'HQ');
insert into city values ('1010350','2','1010000','东丽', 'DL');
insert into city values ('1010400','2','1010000','西青', 'XQ');
insert into city values ('1010450','2','1010000','津南', 'JN');
insert into city values ('1010500','2','1010000','北辰', 'BC');
insert into city values ('1010550','2','1010000','武清', 'WQ');
insert into city values ('1010600','2','1010000','宝坻', 'BC');
insert into city values ('1010650','2','1010000','滨海', 'BH');
insert into city values ('1010700','2','1010000','宁河县', 'NHX');
insert into city values ('1010750','2','1010000','静海县', 'JHX');
insert into city values ('1010800','2','1010000','蓟县', 'JX');
insert into city values ('1020000','1','','河北', 'HB');
insert into city values ('1020050','2','1020000','石家庄', 'SJZ');
insert into city values ('1020100','2','1020000','唐山', 'TS');
insert into city values ('1020150','2','1020000','秦皇岛', 'QHD');
insert into city values ('1020200','2','1020000','邯郸', 'HD');
insert into city values ('1020250','2','1020000','邢台', 'XT');
insert into city values ('1020300','2','1020000','保定', 'BD');
insert into city values ('1020350','2','1020000','张家口', 'ZJK');
insert into city values ('1020400','2','1020000','承德', 'CD');
insert into city values ('1020450','2','1020000','沧州', 'CZ');
insert into city values ('1020500','2','1020000','廊坊', 'LF');
insert into city values ('1020550','2','1020000','衡水', 'HS');
insert into city values ('1030000','1','','山西', 'SX');
insert into city values ('1030050','2','1030000','太原', 'TY');
insert into city values ('1030100','2','1030000','大同', 'DT');
insert into city values ('1030150','2','1030000','阳泉', 'YQ');
insert into city values ('1030200','2','1030000','长治', 'ZZ');
insert into city values ('1030250','2','1030000','晋城', 'JC');
insert into city values ('1030300','2','1030000','朔州', 'SZ');
insert into city values ('1030350','2','1030000','晋中', 'JZ');
insert into city values ('1030400','2','1030000','运城', 'YC');
insert into city values ('1030450','2','1030000','忻州', 'XZ');
insert into city values ('1030500','2','1030000','临汾', 'LF');
insert into city values ('1030550','2','1030000','吕梁', 'LL');
insert into city values ('1040000','1','','内蒙古', 'NMG');
insert into city values ('1040050','2','1040000','呼和浩特', 'HHHT');
insert into city values ('1040100','2','1040000','包头', 'BT');
insert into city values ('1040150','2','1040000','乌海', 'WH');
insert into city values ('1040200','2','1040000','赤峰', 'CF');
insert into city values ('1040250','2','1040000','通辽', 'TL');
insert into city values ('1040300','2','1040000','鄂尔多斯', 'EEDS');
insert into city values ('1040350','2','1040000','呼伦贝尔', 'HLBE');
insert into city values ('1040400','2','1040000','巴彦淖尔', 'BYNE');
insert into city values ('1040450','2','1040000','乌兰察布', 'WLCB');
insert into city values ('1040500','2','1040000','兴安', 'XA');
insert into city values ('1040550','2','1040000','锡林郭勒', 'XLGL');
insert into city values ('1040600','2','1040000','阿拉善', 'ALS');
insert into city values ('1050000','1','','辽宁', 'LN');
insert into city values ('1050050','2','1050000','沈阳', 'SY');
insert into city values ('1050100','2','1050000','大连', 'DL');
insert into city values ('1050150','2','1050000','鞍山', 'AS');
insert into city values ('1050200','2','1050000','抚顺', 'FS');
insert into city values ('1050250','2','1050000','本溪', 'BX');
insert into city values ('1050300','2','1050000','丹东', 'DD');
insert into city values ('1050350','2','1050000','锦州', 'JZ');
insert into city values ('1050400','2','1050000','营口', 'YK');
insert into city values ('1050450','2','1050000','阜新', 'FX');
insert into city values ('1050500','2','1050000','辽阳', 'LY');
insert into city values ('1050550','2','1050000','盘锦', 'PJ');
insert into city values ('1050600','2','1050000','铁岭', 'TL');
insert into city values ('1050650','2','1050000','朝阳', 'CY');
insert into city values ('1050700','2','1050000','葫芦岛', 'HLD');
insert into city values ('1060000','1','','吉林', 'JL');
insert into city values ('1060050','2','1060000','长春', 'ZC');
insert into city values ('1060100','2','1060000','吉林', 'JL');
insert into city values ('1060150','2','1060000','四平', 'SP');
insert into city values ('1060200','2','1060000','辽源', 'LY');
insert into city values ('1060250','2','1060000','通化', 'TH');
insert into city values ('1060300','2','1060000','白山', 'BS');
insert into city values ('1060350','2','1060000','松原', 'SY');
insert into city values ('1060400','2','1060000','白城', 'BC');
insert into city values ('1060450','2','1060000','延边', 'YB');
insert into city values ('1070000','1','','黑龙江', 'HLJ');
insert into city values ('1070050','2','1070000','哈尔滨', 'HEB');
insert into city values ('1070100','2','1070000','齐齐哈尔', 'QQHE');
insert into city values ('1070150','2','1070000','鸡西', 'JX');
insert into city values ('1070200','2','1070000','鹤岗', 'HG');
insert into city values ('1070250','2','1070000','双鸭山', 'SYS');
insert into city values ('1070300','2','1070000','大庆', 'DQ');
insert into city values ('1070350','2','1070000','伊春', 'YC');
insert into city values ('1070400','2','1070000','佳木斯', 'JMS');
insert into city values ('1070450','2','1070000','七台河', 'QTH');
insert into city values ('1070500','2','1070000','牡丹江', 'MDJ');
insert into city values ('1070550','2','1070000','黑河', 'HH');
insert into city values ('1070600','2','1070000','绥化', 'SH');
insert into city values ('1070650','2','1070000','大兴安岭', 'DXAL');
insert into city values ('1080000','1','','上海', 'SH');
insert into city values ('1080050','2','1080000','黄浦', 'HP');
insert into city values ('1080100','2','1080000','卢湾', 'LW');
insert into city values ('1080150','2','1080000','徐汇', 'XH');
insert into city values ('1080200','2','1080000','长宁', 'ZN');
insert into city values ('1080250','2','1080000','静安', 'JA');
insert into city values ('1080300','2','1080000','普陀', 'PT');
insert into city values ('1080350','2','1080000','闸北', 'ZB');
insert into city values ('1080400','2','1080000','虹口', 'HK');
insert into city values ('1080450','2','1080000','杨浦', 'YP');
insert into city values ('1080500','2','1080000','闵行', 'MX');
insert into city values ('1080550','2','1080000','宝山', 'BS');
insert into city values ('1080600','2','1080000','嘉定', 'JD');
insert into city values ('1080650','2','1080000','浦东', 'PD');
insert into city values ('1080700','2','1080000','金山', 'JS');
insert into city values ('1080750','2','1080000','松江', 'SJ');
insert into city values ('1080800','2','1080000','青浦', 'QP');
insert into city values ('1080850','2','1080000','奉贤', 'FX');
insert into city values ('1080900','2','1080000','崇明县', 'CMX');
insert into city values ('1090000','1','','江苏', 'JS');
insert into city values ('1090050','2','1090000','南京', 'NJ');
insert into city values ('1090100','2','1090000','无锡', 'WX');
insert into city values ('1090150','2','1090000','徐州', 'XZ');
insert into city values ('1090200','2','1090000','常州', 'CZ');
insert into city values ('1090250','2','1090000','苏州', 'SZ');
insert into city values ('1090300','2','1090000','南通', 'NT');
insert into city values ('1090350','2','1090000','连云港', 'LYG');
insert into city values ('1090400','2','1090000','淮安', 'HA');
insert into city values ('1090450','2','1090000','盐城', 'YC');
insert into city values ('1090500','2','1090000','扬州', 'YZ');
insert into city values ('1090550','2','1090000','镇江', 'ZJ');
insert into city values ('1090600','2','1090000','泰州', 'TZ');
insert into city values ('1090650','2','1090000','宿迁', 'SQ');
insert into city values ('1100000','1','','浙江', 'ZJ');
insert into city values ('1100050','2','1100000','杭州', 'HZ');
insert into city values ('1100100','2','1100000','宁波', 'NB');
insert into city values ('1100150','2','1100000','温州', 'WZ');
insert into city values ('1100200','2','1100000','嘉兴', 'JX');
insert into city values ('1100250','2','1100000','湖州', 'HZ');
insert into city values ('1100300','2','1100000','绍兴', 'SX');
insert into city values ('1100350','2','1100000','金华', 'JH');
insert into city values ('1100400','2','1100000','衢州', 'QZ');
insert into city values ('1100450','2','1100000','舟山', 'ZS');
insert into city values ('1100500','2','1100000','台州', 'TZ');
insert into city values ('1100550','2','1100000','丽水', 'LS');
insert into city values ('1110000','1','','安徽', 'AH');
insert into city values ('1110050','2','1110000','合肥', 'HF');
insert into city values ('1110100','2','1110000','芜湖', 'WH');
insert into city values ('1110150','2','1110000','蚌埠', 'BB');
insert into city values ('1110200','2','1110000','淮南', 'HN');
insert into city values ('1110250','2','1110000','马鞍山', 'MAS');
insert into city values ('1110300','2','1110000','淮北', 'HB');
insert into city values ('1110350','2','1110000','铜陵', 'TL');
insert into city values ('1110400','2','1110000','安庆', 'AQ');
insert into city values ('1110450','2','1110000','黄山', 'HS');
insert into city values ('1110500','2','1110000','滁州', 'CZ');
insert into city values ('1110550','2','1110000','阜阳', 'FY');
insert into city values ('1110600','2','1110000','宿州', 'SZ');
insert into city values ('1110650','2','1110000','巢湖', 'CH');
insert into city values ('1110700','2','1110000','六安', 'LA');
insert into city values ('1110750','2','1110000','亳州', 'BZ');
insert into city values ('1110800','2','1110000','池州', 'CZ');
insert into city values ('1110850','2','1110000','宣城', 'XC');
insert into city values ('1120000','1','','福建', 'FJ');
insert into city values ('1120050','2','1120000','福州', 'FZ');
insert into city values ('1120100','2','1120000','厦门', 'SM');
insert into city values ('1120150','2','1120000','莆田', 'PT');
insert into city values ('1120200','2','1120000','三明', 'SM');
insert into city values ('1120250','2','1120000','泉州', 'QZ');
insert into city values ('1120300','2','1120000','漳州', 'ZZ');
insert into city values ('1120350','2','1120000','南平', 'NP');
insert into city values ('1120400','2','1120000','龙岩', 'LY');
insert into city values ('1120450','2','1120000','宁德', 'ND');
insert into city values ('1130000','1','','江西', 'JX');
insert into city values ('1130050','2','1130000','南昌', 'NC');
insert into city values ('1130100','2','1130000','景德镇', 'JDZ');
insert into city values ('1130150','2','1130000','萍乡', 'PX');
insert into city values ('1130200','2','1130000','九江', 'JJ');
insert into city values ('1130250','2','1130000','新余', 'XY');
insert into city values ('1130300','2','1130000','鹰潭', 'YT');
insert into city values ('1130350','2','1130000','赣州', 'GZ');
insert into city values ('1130400','2','1130000','吉安', 'JA');
insert into city values ('1130450','2','1130000','宜春', 'YC');
insert into city values ('1130500','2','1130000','抚州', 'FZ');
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