First Steps in SAP
We’ll now discuss some of the basic menus, screens, and transactions that you need
to know when you log on to SAP. As we go along, we will also discuss the various
features and applications that appear on each screen and how they relate to each
other. This will help you understand the concepts better.
sap中的第一步
我们来了解一下当你登陆SAP时你需要知道的基础菜单，屏幕和事务。当我们继续学习，也会了解每个屏幕出现的各种特性和应用，以及它们之间是这么联系的。
这会帮助我们更好得理解内容。
Easy Access Menu
After you log on to SAP, the first screen that greets you is the SAP Easy Access menu
简单进入菜单
当你登陆SAP后，第一个映入眼帘的就是SAP的简单进入菜单
You can customize this menu based on your role in the organization. Specifically,
you can arrange processes and transactions that you require for easy access and you
can omit other transactions that you never use from the list.
Users can access transactions and run reports from this menu. However, they cannot
carry out administrative functions from here. Those functions will be covered
in the Customizing menu that we will discuss soon.
你可以根据你在组织中的角色来定制你的菜单。你还可以在轻松访问界面设置自己需要的进程和事务并且你可以在菜单中忽略掉你不使用的事务。
用户可以从这个菜单进入事务或者运行报表。无论如何，用户们都不能够从这里运行管理员权限的方法。这些方法将会在客户化的菜单中被隐藏。
之后我们会介绍它们。
SAP ERP offers several business applications. As you can see, the major application
areas in this menu are Accounting, Human Resources, and Logistics:
SAP ERP提供多种商业应用。你可以看到主要应用是财务会计，人力资源 和 后勤：
Accounting If you drill down this menu, you will find diverse applications listed.
Some of them are for financial accounting/controlling (FI/CO), financial supply
chain management, and Project Systems (PS).
在菜单中展开会计核算栏目，你将会列出的不同的应用。他们分别用于财务会计/管理（FI/CO）模块，财务供应链管理和项目系统（PS）模块。
Human Resources All the applications related to human resources management
are grouped here. For example, you will find applications for personnel management,
time management, payroll, and travel management.
人力资源栏目下的所有应用都是和人力资源管理相关的。举个例子，你可以找到职员管理、时间管理、工资表 和 培训和事件管理。
Logistics All the applications related to logistics functions are contained in this
menu. Materials Management (MM), Production (PP), and Plant Maintenance
(PM) are some of the applications listed here. The focus of this book—Sales and
Distribution—is an application that falls under the Logistics menu. Logistics
Execution (LE) is another application that is relevant here, because it covers the
product delivery processes.
所有和后勤功能相关的应用都在后勤菜单中。物料管理（MM）、生产模块（PP）和工厂维护（PM）是其中的一部分应用。
这本书的关注点——销售与分销 是在这个后勤模块下的。后勤执行相对应的另一个应用，因为它包含了产品运输的过程。
The Customizing Menu
You can configure and customize the SAP system to meet the specific requirements
of your organization. The Sales and Distribution module has been developed with
several business processes and various industries in mind. Some of these processes
may not be relevant to your business. On the other hand, there could be some specific
requirements that you will need to map in SAP through configuration.
During configuration, you can carry out various settings that control the process
setup, such as the following:
客制化菜单：
你可以配置和定制sap系统来达到你组织的特殊要求。销售和分销（SD）模块的开发已经考虑了多个业务流程和各种行业。
其中一些流程可能和你的业务无关。另一方面，你可以在配置文件中设置来达到一些特殊的需求。
在配置的时候，你可以进入如下多种设置来控制流程：
→ Activating or deactivating a certain process for your organization
→ Configuring the look and feel of a transaction screen for a user
→ Controlling which fields on the screen can be accessed, changed, or displayed
→ Setting up a smooth flow of data from one document to another to ensure
consistency and avoid the duplication of manual effort
You can access the Customizing menu in SAP using the following path: SAP Easy
Access Menu ➢ Tools ➢ Customizing ➢ IMG ➢ Execute Project (transaction
code SPRO).
->激活或者不激活一个流程
->为用户配置一个事务屏幕的样子和操作
->配置屏幕上哪些字段是可以输入、改变或者显示的
->设置一个从一个文件到另一个文件的稳定数据流来保证一致性和避免人工原因造成数据重复
你可以在下面的路径访问客制化菜单：sap轻松访问 -> 工具 -> 定制 -> IMG -> SPRO
This transaction code leads you to the Display IMG screen, as shown in Figure 1.2.
You will find a menu with the various applications listed. It is called SAP
Customizing Implementation Guide (or IMG for short). All the customizationrelated
steps will be launched from this menu. If you click any application, you will
find another menu that leads you to various submodules. Based on the exact path
listed in the book, you can reach the specific transaction in the menu where the customization
setting is to be carried out.
这个事务代码给你展示的是IMG界面，如图1.2所示。
你将在菜单中看到很多的应用。它是SAP客制化实施指导（或者IMG）。所有的客制化步骤都在这个菜单中。如果你点击任何应用，他会在另外的菜单中给你展示多个子模块。
基于这种明确的路径，你可以在菜单中找到客制化实施运行的具体事务。
In this book, we also refer to the Display IMG screen as the Customizing menu or
just IMG while explaining menu paths.
在这个导航中，我们还可以将显示IMG屏幕称为客制化菜单或者IMG。
The focus of this book is the Sales and Distribution application. However, to complete
the configuration steps, we will also touch upon some of the other topics, listed
in IMG, under the nodes:
-> Enterprise Structure
-> Logistics – General
-> Logistics Execution
在这个导航中，我们重点关注的是销售和分销应用。无论如何，完成配置步骤，我们将涉及到一些其他的，列在IMG下，在注意提示中的话题：
-> 企业结构
-> 后勤-一般
-> 后勤执行
In this book, we cover all the important settings that an SD expert should know.
However, in an integrated system, a business process usually spans more than one
application. You will need to work with experts in other areas (such as MM, FI/CO,
WM, and so on) to complete the end-to-end process setup.
在这个导航中，包含了所有作为一个SAP专家所应该知道的重要设置。
无论如何，在一个集成系统中，一个商业流程经常跨越多个模块。你需要和其他模块的专家协同工作（例如：MM、FI/CO、WM等）来完成端到端的设置。
The Basic Sales Cycle
We’ll now discuss the basic set of transactions that are most important in the SD
area. The term sales cycle refers to the creation of a sales order document followed
by delivery and a billing document. As we go along, we will tell you the transaction
codes at each step. We will also point out how this book is structured to help you
understand each area and functionality in the sales cycle.
基本销售周期
我们来说一下SD模块中最重要的事务基本设置。销售周期是指从销售订单的创建，接着是运送交货和发票文件。我们继续学习时，将会在每一步告诉你事务代码。、
我们也将指出这个导航是如何构成的，在销售周期中来帮助理解每一个区域和功能。
Create a Sales Order
To create a sales order, follow the menu path SAP Menu ➢ Logistics ➢ Sales And
Distribution ➢ Sales ➢ Order ➢ Create (VA01). Again, note that the transaction
code mentioned in parentheses after the path will lead you to the same screen.
创建销售订单
创建销售订单路径：sap菜单➢后勤➢销售与分销➢销售➢订单➢创建（VA01）。
再次注意，路径后面括号中提到的事务代码将引导您进入相同屏幕。
Figure 1.3 shows the sales order creation screen. Before you create a sales order, you
must enter the organizational data such as sales organization, distribution channel,
division, sales office, and sales group. This maps the organizational entities in your
company.
图1.3 显示销售订单创建屏幕。在创建销售订单之前，你必须输入你的组织数据如销售组织，分销渠道，产品组，销售部门和销售组。
这将组织信息映射到你的公司。
To learn about how to set up the organizational structure in SAP, refer to Chapter 2,
“Enterprise Structure.” That chapter will explain how to configure SAP so the organizational
entities are created and to assigned one another.
要学习如何设置组织结构，请参考第二章（企业结构）。该章节将会解释如何配置SAP，如何创建组织企业数据以及如何分配到另外一个。
You must also specify the type of order document being created. After entering this
information, you can proceed to the next screen, the Overview screen (Figure 1.4).
你必须确保订单类型已经存在。然后输入订单类型，你可以运行到下一屏幕。
Figure 1.3 Creating a sales order
Figure 1.4 Create Standard Order: Overview screen
The sales document consists of header, item, and schedule line data. At the header
level, you specify the details that are applicable to the entire document, such as the
customer number (sold-to party) and the purchase order reference number. At the
item level, you enter the products ordered. Details such as the material number,
quantity, and item price, and so on, will be different on each line. The schedule
line data pertains to delivery-related details such as delivery dates and delivery
quantities.
销售文件包含了概览，项目和计划行数据。在概览中，你确定一些适用公司文件的细节，如客户代码（售达方）
和采购订单参考编号。在明细行项目中，你输入产品代码。每一行的细节如物料编号，数量，价格等都可以和其他行不一样。
计划行数据是和运送交货细节相关的如交货日期和交货数量。
You’ll use master data at every step of the transaction. Data about your regular customers
or the products and services offered are examples of master data. You have to
maintain the repository of master data before using it in transactions. To learn more
about master data setup, refer to Chapter 3, “Master Data in SD.”
你将在事务的每一步中使用主数据。数据是关于你的常用客户或产品与服务的主数据的例子。在事务中使用数据之前，你必须维护好它的主数据库。
可以从第三章（SD主数据）中学到更多的主数据设置。
From the overview screen of a sales order, you can branch out to different screens
to get into various aspects of the process such as pricing and availability dates. To
navigate between screens, you can click the tabs that appear on the page. An alternative
way is to use the Goto menu at the top of the screen. It lists all the detail tabs
at the header and item levels.
从订单的概览屏幕，你可以进入不同的屏幕来设置事务的各方面如价格和有效日期。你可以点击页面的分页签做到在不同屏幕间的跳转。
或者你可以使用最上面的菜单栏来导航进入订单抬头和行项目层级的细节屏幕。
For example, if you want to know all the partner functions associated with the sales
transaction, you can select Goto ➢ Header ➢ Partner. As shown in Figure 1.5, this
tab lists all the partners such as the sold-to party, ship-to party, bill-to party, and
payer for this order. If you have different partners at each line item level, you can
specify them on the Partners tab (which you can reach by selecting Goto ➢ Item ➢
Partner).
举个例子，如果你想知道所有和销售有关的合作伙伴功能，你需要选择转到 ➢ 抬头 ➢ 合作伙伴。
如图1.5所示，这个分页显示了订单的售达方、送达方、收票方和付款方。如果你对于每一行项目都有不同的合作伙伴，
你可以在转到➢ 行项目➢合作伙伴的选择下来确定它们。
Figure 1.5 Sales order: Header Data, Partners tab
Another screen is the Texts tab, which appears at the header and item levels. The menu
path is either Goto ➢ Header ➢ Text or Goto ➢ Item ➢ Text. Here you store all the
text messages and instructions (as shown in Figure 1.6) that you want to flow with
the order.
另一个屏幕是文本分页，它在抬头和行项目都有。菜单路径为：转到➢ 抬头➢ 文本 或者 转到 ➢ 行项目➢ 文本。
你可以在这个栏目中存下你的文本信息和你想填入的订单介绍。如图1.6所示
Figure 1.6 Sales order: Header Data, Texts tab
You can customize the setup for partners, texts, and outputs as per your requirements.
In partner determination, you can control which partner functions are of importance
to you and make them mandatory. Text determination helps you set up how
the texts are copied from one document to another. Output determination lets you
customize the outputs from sales documents and transmit them to the business
partners. For example, you can use it to send out a copy of an order confirmation
document to the customer in print or by email or EDI.
你可以定制化合作伙伴、文本、输出作为你的每一个需求来设置。
合作伙伴确定栏，你可以控制哪个合作伙伴功能对你来说最重要，然后强制输入。
文本确定栏 帮助你设置 文本如何从一个文件代入到另一个文件的。
输出确定栏让你定制化从订单的输出然后发送给商业伙伴。
举个例子，你可以使用它通过打印、email或者EDI的方式来发送一份订单复印件给客户。
Chapter 4, “Partner, Text, and Output Determination,” will discuss how to maintain
settings related to partners, outputs, and texts.
章节4（合作伙伴，文本，输出确定）将会介绍如何维护它们的关系。
One of the most important parts of a sales transaction is the price that the customer
has to pay. The price can be entered manually in the sales order. However, if your
product prices are going to be stable for certain duration, you can maintain price
records and set up automatic price determination to avoid manual entry.
销售事务中最重要的部分是客户必须付款的价格。这个价格可以在订单中手动输入。无论如何，
如果你的产品价格在销售期间内能够保持相当稳定的的话，你可以维护价格记录和设置自动价格确定来避免手工输入。
To see how the exact price has been computed for a sales item, select Goto ➢
Item ➢ Conditions. As shown in Figure 1.7, the pricing schema gives you the details
of the various pricing conditions in it. Pricing conditions are things such as base
prices, discounts, freight conditions, or taxes. Certain pricing conditions can apply
to the entire order (such as total freight charges). These are listed in the Header conditions
tab.
To learn how to customize pricing, visit Chapter 5, “Pricing and Tax Determination.”
选择转到➢项目➢条件来查看具体的行项目的价格是如何的。如图1.7所示，价格表格展示你不同价格条件。
价格条件包含如基本价格，折扣，运费或税额。某些定价条件可能适用于整个订单（例如总运费）。
这些将会列在抬头价格条件中。
Figure 1.7 Sales order: Item Data, Conditions tab