1、python3安装
下载地址:https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
#安装环境centOS 7
#安装依赖包:
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
#开始安装:
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz mkdir -p /usr/local/python356 tar zxvf Python-3.6.5.tgz cd Python-3.6.5 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python356 make make install ln -s /usr/local/python356/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3 ln -s /usr/local/python356/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3 pip3 install --upgrade pip #更新pip pip3 install ipython #安装ipython
#一般安装python3.5以上会附加安装了包管理工具setuptools和pip
2、安装setuptools包管理工具
解压安装:
unzip setuptools-39.2.0.zip cd setuptools-39.2.0 python33 setup.py build #测试环境 python33 setup.py install #安装
错误解决:
RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module
说明缺少zlib和zlib-devel包,
解决方法:
yum install zlib zlib-devel -y #然后:进入到安装python的源码包目录下(这步很重要)我的是python33.6版本 cd /home/tools/python33.6 make #重新编译 make install #重新安装一下 #然后:进入要安装的setuptool源码目录下: python33 setup.py install #使用新安装的python33.6安装,不要使用系统自带的python安装。
3、pip安装使用
(1)下载源码安装
软件包下载地址:pip-10.0.1.tar.gz
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wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/e8/2340d46ecadb1692a1e455f13f75e596d4eab3d11a57446f08259dee8f02/pip-10.0.1.tar.gz tar xf pip-10.0.1.tar.gz cd pip-10.0.1 python33 setup.py install #安装 ln -sv /usr/local/python33/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
#如报以下错误请安装setuptools。
ImportError: No module named 'setuptools'
(2)使用get-pip.py安装
#将get-pip.py下载到本地
#curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
#运行命令安装pip,默认get-php.py会安装setuptools和wheel
python33 get-pip.py
#get-pip.py选项
--no-setuptools 不安装setuptools
--no-wheel 不安装wheel
(3)使用linux软件包管理工具安装
#Centos: sudo yum install python-pip sudo yum upgrade python-setuptools #升级setuptools #ubuntu: sudo apt install python-pip #python2 sudo apt install python3-venv python3-pip #python3
(4)使用pip升级包
#在linux或MacOS上: pip install -U pip #升级pip #在windows上: python -m pip install -U pip #安装包: pip install SomePackage pip install SomePackage==1.0.4 pip install 'SomePackage>=1.0.4' #在指定的文件需求中安装包: pip freeze 查看已安装的包,可以导出为requirements.txt文件中 pip install -r requirements.txt #将某个包升级到最新版本: pip install --upgrade somepackage #查找发行版和开发版安装包 pip install --pre somepackage