前面我们介绍了2种同步机制：
1）使用synchronized关键字
2）使用Lock接口及其实现类：
ReentrantLock,ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock, and ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock
本例中，我们将学习更高级的同步方式：semaphore （信号量）
先看下概念：
Semaphores: A semaphore is a counter that controls the access to one ormore shared resources. This mechanism is one of the basic tools of concurrent programming and is provided by most of the programming languages.一个信号量是控制读取一个或多个共享资源的计数器。
这一机制是并发编程中提供的一种基本工具并且绝大多数编程语言都有提供。当一个线程想去读取某个共享资源，它必须获得信号。
如果semaphore大于0，这意味着当前资源处于空闲状态，这个时候它会减1，并允许该线程读取。否则，信号将会让该线程睡眠直到信号量再次大于0。
当线程使用完共享资源后需要释放信号量，这样其它线程方能接着获取。
PrintQueue.java
package com.dylan.thread.ch3.c01.task;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* This class implements the PrintQueue using a Semaphore to control the
* access to it.
*
*/
public class PrintQueue {
/**
* Semaphore to control the access to the queue
*/
private final Semaphore semaphore;
/**
* Constructor of the class. Initializes the semaphore
*/
public PrintQueue(){
semaphore=new Semaphore(1);
}
/**
* Method that simulates printing a document
* @param document Document to print
*/
public void printJob (Object document){
try {
// Get the access to the semaphore. If other job is printing, this
// thread sleep until get the access to the semaphore
semaphore.acquire();
Long duration=(long)(Math.random()*10);
System.out.printf("%s: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during %d seconds\n",Thread.currentThread().getName(),duration);
Thread.sleep(duration);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(duration);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// Free the semaphore. If there are other threads waiting for this semaphore,
// the JVM selects one of this threads and give it the access.
semaphore.release();
}
}
}
Job.java
package com.dylan.thread.ch3.c01.task;
/**
* This class simulates a job that send a document to print.
*
*/
public class Job implements Runnable {
/**
* Queue to print the documents
*/
private PrintQueue printQueue;
/**
* Constructor of the class. Initializes the queue
* @param printQueue
*/
public Job(PrintQueue printQueue){
this.printQueue=printQueue;
}
/**
* Core method of the Job. Sends the document to the print queue and waits
* for its finalization
*/
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.printf("%s: Going to print a job\n",Thread.currentThread().getName());
printQueue.printJob(new Object());
System.out.printf("%s: The document has been printed\n",Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
Main.java
package com.dylan.thread.ch3.c01.core;
import com.dylan.thread.ch3.Job;
import com.dylan.thread.ch3.PrintQueue;
/**
* Main class of the example.
*
*/
public class Main {
/**
* Main method of the class. Run ten jobs in parallel that
* send documents to the print queue at the same time.
*/
public static void main (String args[]){
// Creates the print queue
PrintQueue printQueue=new PrintQueue();
// Creates ten Threads
Thread thread[]=new Thread[10];
for (int i=0; i<10; i++){
thread[i]=new Thread(new Job(printQueue),"Thread "+i);
}
// Starts the Threads
for (int i=0; i<10; i++){
thread[i].start();
}
}
}
运行结果：
Thread 3: Going to print a job
Thread 9: Going to print a job
Thread 5: Going to print a job
Thread 7: Going to print a job
Thread 4: Going to print a job
Thread 0: Going to print a job
Thread 2: Going to print a job
Thread 1: Going to print a job
Thread 8: Going to print a job
Thread 6: Going to print a job
Thread 3: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during 2 seconds
Thread 9: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during 5 seconds
Thread 3: The document has been printed
Thread 9: The document has been printed
Thread 5: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during 9 seconds
Thread 5: The document has been printed
Thread 7: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during 7 seconds
Thread 7: The document has been printed
Thread 4: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during 9 seconds
Thread 0: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during 6 seconds
Thread 4: The document has been printed
Thread 0: The document has been printed
Thread 2: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during 5 seconds
Thread 2: The document has been printed
Thread 1: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during 1 seconds
Thread 8: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during 5 seconds
Thread 1: The document has been printed
Thread 8: The document has been printed
Thread 6: PrintQueue: Printing a Job during 3 seconds
Thread 6: The document has been printed