简介

生产环境使用Docker的过程中，往往需要对数据进行持久化保存，或者需要更多容器之间进行数据共享，需要使用：数据卷（Data Volumes）和数据卷容器（Data Volume Containers）

1.数据卷

1.数据卷简介

就是将宿主机的某个目录，映射到容器中，作为数据存储的目录，从而实现在宿主机对数据进行存储
数据卷（Data Volumes）：容器内数据直接映射到本地主机环境

2.数据卷特性

数据卷可以在容器之间共享和重用，本地与容器间传递数据更高效；
对数据卷的修改会立马有效，容器内部与本地目录均可；
对数据卷的更新，不会影响镜像，对数据与应用进行了解耦操作；
卷会一直存在，直到没有容器使用。

3.获取帮助

docker run --help

Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Run a command in a new container

Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network network                Connect a container to a network
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container

挂载一个数据卷

-v, --volume list               Bind mount a volume
                                挂载一个数据卷，默认为空

可以使用命令 docker run 用来创建容器，在使用docker run 命令时添加 -v 参数，就可以创建并挂载一个到多个数据卷到当前运行的容器中。
-v 参数的作用是将宿主机的一个目录作为容器的数据卷挂载到docker容器中，使宿主机和容器之间可以共享一个目录，如果本地路径不存在，Docker自动创建。

run相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/

或

https://docker-doc.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/reference/commandline/cli.html#run

4.命令格式

1.目录

与文件的区别为：-v [宿主机目录]:[容器目录][镜像名称]

docker run -v [宿主机目录]:[容器目录][镜像名称]

1.创建测试文件

mkdir -p /home/wyf/tmp/ && echo "数据卷测试-目录" > /home/wyf/tmp/file.txt && cat /home/wyf/tmp/file.txt

2.启动一个容器并挂载数据卷
宿主机目录需要绝对路径

docker run -itd --name ubuntu-wyf-v2.0 -v /home/wyf/tmp/:/ubuntu-wyf-v2.0/ ubuntu

3.查看容器

docker ps

4.进入容器

docker exec -it 70b0f1d8a109 /bin/bash

5.测试

cat /ubuntu-wyf-v2.0/file.txt

在这里插入图片描述

2.文件【不推荐】

与目录的区别为：-v [宿主机文件]:[容器文件][镜像名称]

docker run -v [宿主机文件]:[容器文件][镜像名称]

1.创建测试文件

mkdir -p /home/wyf/tmp/ && echo "数据卷测试-文件" > /home/wyf/tmp/file.log && cat /home/wyf/tmp/file.log

2.启动一个容器并挂载数据卷
宿主机文件需要绝对路径

docker run -itd --name ubuntu-wyf-v3.0 -v /home/wyf/tmp/file.log:/test/file.log ubuntu

3.查看容器

docker ps

4.进入容器

docker exec -it dde9d75353be /bin/bash

5.测试

cat /test/file.log

在这里插入图片描述

3.注意

Docker挂载数据卷的默认读写权限（rw），用户可以通过ro设置为只读格式：
```
[宿主机文件]:[容器文件]:ro
```
如果直接挂载一个文件到容器，使用文件工具进行编辑，可能会造成文件的改变，从Docker1.1.0起，这会导致报错误信息。所以推荐的方式是直接挂在文件所在的目录。

2.数据卷容器

1.数据卷容器简介

需要在多个容器之间共享一些持续更新的数据，最简单的方式是使用数据卷容器。数据卷容器也是一个容器，但是它的目的是专门用来提供数据卷供其他容器挂载。
数据卷容器（Data Volume Containers）：使用特定容器维护数据卷，数据卷容器就是为其他容器提供数据交互存储的容器

2.数据卷容器操作

如果使用数据卷容器，在多个容器间共享数据，并永久保存这些数据，需要有一个规范的流程：
1. 创建数据卷容器
2. 其他容器挂载数据卷容器
数据卷容器自身并不需要启动，但是启动的时候依然可以进行数据卷容器的工作。

3.获取帮助

docker run --help


Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Run a command in a new container

Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network network                Connect a container to a network
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container

从指定的容器挂载卷

 -v, --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
									#从指定的容器挂载卷，默认为空

run相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/

或

https://docker-doc.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/reference/commandline/cli.html#run

4.命令格式

数据卷容器实践包括两部分：创建数据卷容器和使用数据卷容器

1.创建数据卷容器

docker create -v [容器数据卷目录] --name [容器名字][镜像名称] [命令(可选)]

例：

容器数据卷目录为：/data

docker create -v /data --name ubunt-data-wyf ubuntu

docker ps -a

在这里插入图片描述

2.其他容器挂载数据卷容器

docker run --volumes-from [数据卷容器id/name] -tid --name [容器名字][镜像名称] [命令(可选)]

例：

#创建 vf-ubunt-1 容器:
docker run --volumes-from b9c499443cf9 -tid --name vf-ubunt-1 ubuntu /bin/bash
#创建 vf-ubunt-2 容器:
docker run --volumes-from b9c499443cf9 -tid --name vf-ubunt-2 ubuntu /bin/bash

docker ps

在这里插入图片描述

3.确认卷容器共享

1.进入vf-ubunt-1

docker exec -it vf-ubunt-1 /bin/bash

2.进入数据卷目录/data/，操作数据卷容器:

ls /data/

echo 'vf-ubunt-1 data' > /data/vf-ubunt-1.txt

ls /data/

exit

在这里插入图片描述
3.进入vf-ubunt-2

docker exec -it vf-ubunt-2 /bin/bash

4.确认vf-ubunt-2共享vf-ubunt-1的数据

ls /data/

在这里插入图片描述
5.vf-ubunt-2创建数据并退出

echo 'vf-ubunt-2 data' > /data/vf-ubunt-2.txt

ls /data/

exit

在这里插入图片描述
6.回到vf-ubunt-1进行验证

docker exec -it vf-ubunt-1 /bin/bash

ls /data/

exit

在这里插入图片描述

双向确认共享。

3.数据备份

1.原理

在这里插入图片描述

2.方案

创建一个挂载数据卷容器的容器；
挂载宿主机本地目录作为备份数据卷；
将数据卷容器的内容备份到宿主机本地目录挂载的数据卷中；
完成备份操作后销毁刚创建的容器;

3.获取帮助

docker run --help


Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Run a command in a new container

Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network network                Connect a container to a network
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container

从指定的容器挂载卷

 -v, --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
									#从指定的容器挂载卷，默认为空

run相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/

或

https://docker-doc.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/reference/commandline/cli.html#run

4.命令格式

docker run --rm --volumes-from [数据卷容器id/name] -v [宿主机目录]:[容器目录][镜像名称] [备份命令]

数据卷容器信息

docker ps -a

之前创建的数据卷容器信息：

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
b9c499443cf9        ubuntu                   "/bin/bash"         35 minutes ago      Created                                 ubunt-data-wyf

在这里插入图片描述
1.创建备份目录

mkdir -p /home/wyf/backup/

2.创建挂载数据卷容器【b9c499443cf9】的容器【创建备份的容器】

docker run --volumes-from b9c499443cf9 -v ubuntu

3.挂载到宿主机目录

-v /home/wyf/backup/:/backup/

4.备份命令

tar zcPf /backup/data.tar.gz /data

注意:
>-P：使用原文件的原来属性（属性不会依据使用者而变），恢复字段到它们的原始方式，忽略现有的用户权限屏蔽位（umask)。加了-p之后，tar进行解压后，生成的文件的权限，是直接取自tar包里面文件的权限（不会再使用该用户的umask值进行运算），那么不加-p参数，将还要再减去umask的值（位运算的减），但是如果使用root用户进行操作，加不加-p参数都一样。

5.销毁备份容器

docker rm

完整的备份执行命令

mkdir -p /home/wyf/backup/ && docker run --rm --volumes-from b9c499443cf9 -v /home/wyf/backup/:/backup/ ubuntu tar zcPf /backup/data.tar.gz /data

验证：

docker ps -a

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ls /home/wyf/backup
zcat /home/wyf/backup/data.tar.gz

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4.数据还原

1.原理

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2.方案

创建一个新的数据卷容器（或删除原数据卷容器的内容）；
创建一个新容器，挂载数据卷容器，同时挂载本地的备份目录作为数据卷；
将要还原的数据解压到容器中；
完成还原操作后销毁刚创建的容器。

3.获取帮助

docker run --help


Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Run a command in a new container

Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network network                Connect a container to a network
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container

4.命令格式

docker run --rm -itd --volumes-from [数据要到还原的容器] -v [宿主机备份目录]:[容器备份目录][镜像名称]  [解压命令]

1.还原到原数据卷容器

原数据卷容器为：ubunt-data-wyf
挂载数据卷容器ubunt-data-wyf的两个数据卷容器是：vf-ubunt-1 和 vf-ubunt-2

1.查询数据卷容器

docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
afcaf1e8f6c5        ubuntu                   "/bin/bash"         19 hours ago        Exited (0) 17 hours ago                          vf-ubunt-2
3d392914e276        ubuntu                   "/bin/bash"         19 hours ago        Exited (137) 8 seconds ago                       vf-ubunt-1
b9c499443cf9        ubuntu                   "/bin/bash"         19 hours ago        Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                         ubunt-data-wyf
a55685b27457        ubuntu                   "/bin/bash"         19 hours ago        Created                                          ubunt-data
dde9d75353be        ubuntu                   "/bin/bash"         20 hours ago        Exited (0) 17 hours ago                          ubuntu-wyf-v3.0
70b0f1d8a109        ubuntu                   "/bin/bash"         20 hours ago        Exited (0) 17 hours ago                          ubuntu-wyf-v2.0
1374a8d99483        docker-ubuntu-wyf:v1.0   "/bin/bash"         23 hours ago        Exited (0) 17 hours ago                          docker-ubuntu-wyf-v1.0
599066028fb2        ubuntu                   "/bin/bash"         23 hours ago        Exited (0) 17 hours ago                          ubuntu-wyf

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2.启动挂载数据卷容器的容器vf-ubunt-1

docker start 3d392914e276 && docker ps -a

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3.进入vf-ubunt-1并删除数据卷容器内容

docker exec -it vf-ubunt-1 /bin/bash

rm -rf /data/*
ls /data/

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4.退出

exit

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5.还原数据

docker run --rm --volumes-from ubunt-data-wyf -v /home/wyf/backup/:/backup/ ubuntu tar xPf /backup/data.tar.gz --strip-components 1 -C /data
# --strip-components 1 去除解压的第一层【data】目录，只要data目录下的内容

6.验证

进入vf-ubunt-1进行验证

docker exec -it vf-ubunt-1 /bin/bash

ls /data/

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2.还原到新数据卷容器中

原数据卷容器为：ubunt-data-wyf
原挂载数据卷容器ubunt-data-wyf的两个数据卷容器是：vf-ubunt-1 和 vf-ubunt-2
新建数据卷容器：ubuntu-data-wyf-new
新的挂载数据卷容器ubuntu-data-wyf-new的容器为vf-ubunt-3

1.新建数据卷容器ubuntu-data-wyf-new

ubuntu-data-wyf-new

docker create -v /newdata --name ubuntu-data-wyf-new ubuntu && docker ps -a

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2.创建新的挂载数据卷容器ubuntu-data-wyf-new的容器vf-ubunt-3

docker run --volumes-from 9da7ccb040c0 -itd --name vf-ubunt-3 ubuntu /bin/bash && docker ps -a

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3.还原数据到新的数据卷容器ubuntu-data-wyf-new中

docker run --rm --volumes-from ubuntu-data-wyf-new -v /home/wyf/backup/:/backup/ ubuntu tar xPf /backup/data.tar.gz --strip-components 1 -C /newdata
# --strip-components 1 去除解压的第一层【data】目录，只要data目录下的内容

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6.验证

进入vf-ubunt-3进行验证

docker exec -it vf-ubunt-3 /bin/bash

ls /newdata/

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更多请参考：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/

或：

https://docker-doc.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/reference/commandline/cli.html

蔻蔻哒

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Docker(五)[核心技术-数据管理]

Docker-核心技术-容器管理

简介

1.数据卷

1.数据卷简介

2.数据卷特性

3.获取帮助

4.命令格式

1.目录

2.文件【不推荐】

3.注意

2.数据卷容器

1.数据卷容器简介

2.数据卷容器操作

3.获取帮助

4.命令格式

1.创建数据卷容器

2.其他容器挂载数据卷容器

3.确认卷容器共享

3.数据备份

1.原理

2.方案

3.获取帮助

4.命令格式

4.数据还原

1.原理

2.方案

3.获取帮助

4.命令格式

1.还原到原数据卷容器

2.还原到新数据卷容器中

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