Linux 日常操作
Table of Contents
1 查看硬件信息
1.1 服务器型号序列号
dmidecode|grep "System Information" -A9|egrep "Manufacturer|Product|Serial" 示例：
[root@halberd1 ~]# dmidecode|grep "System Information" -A9|egrep "Manufacturer|Product|Serial"
Manufacturer: VMware, Inc.
Product Name: VMware Virtual Platform
Serial Number: VMware-56 4d ed 7d 00 f8 90 c2-76 6f d8 36 bb da 40 9e
1.2 主板型号
dmidecode |grep -A16 "System Information$"
1.3 查看BIOS信息
dmidecode -t bios
1.4 查看内存槽及内存条
# 查看内存槽 dmidecode|grep -P -A5 "Memory\s+Device"|grep Size|grep -v Range # 查看最大支持内存容量 dmidecode|grep -P 'Maximum\s+Capacity' # 查看内存的频率 dmidecode|grep -A16 "MemoryDevice"|grep 'Speed'
1.5 查看CPU
# 查看CPU信息（型号）
[root@AAA ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 0 @ 2.30GHz
# 查看物理CPU个数
[root@AAA ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "physical id"| sort| uniq| wc -l
# 查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)
[root@AAA ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq
cpu cores : 6
# 查看逻辑CPU的个数
[root@AAA ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l
1.6 查看内存
dmidecode -t memory|grep -E 'Asset|Manufacturer'
1.7 查看磁盘基本信息
使用 smartctl -x <device> 命令来查看厂商，型号等。
[root@halberd1 ~]# smartctl -x /dev/sda1 smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-4.18.0-147.el8.x86_64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Vendor: VMware Product: Virtual disk Revision: 1.0 User Capacity: 107,374,182,400 bytes [107 GB] Logical block size: 512 bytes LU is fully provisioned Device type: disk Local Time is: Tue Apr 28 23:59:27 2020 EDT SMART support is: Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability. Read Cache is: Unavailable Writeback Cache is: Unavailable === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === Current Drive Temperature: 0 C Drive Trip Temperature: 0 C Error Counter logging not supported Device does not support Self Test logging Device does not support Background scan results logging
1.8 查看网卡基本信息
使用lshw 命令来查看
[root@halberd1 ~]# lshw -c network
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: VMXNET3 Ethernet Controller
vendor: VMware
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:0b:00.0
logical name: ens192
version: 01
serial: 00:0c:29:da:40:9e
size: 10Gbit/s
capacity: 10Gbit/s
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi msix bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical logical tp 1000bt-fd 10000bt-fd
configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=vmxnet3 driverversion=1.4.16.0-k-NAPI duplex=full ip=10.10.100.150 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=10Gbit/s
resources: irq:19 memory:fd4fc000-fd4fcfff memory:fd4fd000-fd4fdfff memory:fd4fe000-fd4fffff ioport:5000(size=16) memory:fd400000-fd40ffff
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: VMXNET3 Ethernet Controller
vendor: VMware
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:13:00.0
logical name: ens224
version: 01
serial: 00:0c:29:da:40:a8
size: 10Gbit/s
capacity: 10Gbit/s
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi msix bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical logical tp 1000bt-fd 10000bt-fd
configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=vmxnet3 driverversion=1.4.16.0-k-NAPI duplex=full ip=172.26.9.19 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=10Gbit/s
resources: irq:16 memory:fd3fc000-fd3fcfff memory:fd3fd000-fd3fdfff memory:fd3fe000-fd3fffff ioport:6000(size=16) memory:fd300000-fd30ffff
2 性能分析
2.1 占用CPU最高的进程
ps -aux | sort -k3nr | head -n 10 或者使用pidstat 命令,示例如下:
pidstat -ul| head -3;pidstat -u |awk '{if ($6 >1) print $0}'
只是pid 的命令不是很合适，因为不同的操作系统输出的列数不是固定的。需要自行修改awk if 中的$6。
2.2 占用物理内存最多的进程
ps -aux | sort -k4nr | head -n 10
2.3 占用swap空间最多的进程
2.4 占用IO最高的进程
3 时间相关
修改时区
- CentOS 7 /CentOS8
timedatectl set-timezone 'Asia/Shanghai'
Created: 2020-04-29 Wed 18:04