前后端分离实现文件下载功能

这里以接口下载一个pdf文件来举例

1、接口下载pdf文件

controller

@RequestMapping(value = "/downloadFile",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public Object downloadFile(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse){
    //1：在httpServletRequest中获取请求参数，这里假设只有一个。
    Long paramId = Long.valueOf(request.getParameter("paramId"));
    
    //2：根据参数获取下载的文件名(具体根据业务需要 ， 来命名文件)
    String fileName = fileService.getFileName(paramId);
    //将文件名转码
    fileName = URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8");
    
    //3：获得文件字节流输出的字符串
    String byteArrStr = fileService.downloadFile(paramId);
    
    //4：将字符串转为ByteArrayInputStream 并且设定字符集为ISO-8859-1
    ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(zipData.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"));
    
    //用于后面的写入
    byte[] b = new byte[2048];
    int len;
    
    try{
        
     	//5:将字节流写入httpServletResponse中
    	//1设置将字节流写入httpServletResponse中响应类型（这里举例为pdf文件），文章最后会罗列一些常见的响应类型
    	httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/pdf");
    	//2设置响应头信息
    	httpServletResponse.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=\"" + fileName +"\"");
        while ((len = inputStream.read(b)) > 0)
            //写入字节流数组
            httpServletResponse.getOutputStream().write(b, 0, len);
        inputStream.close();
    }catch(IOException e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
    
    
    
}

service

public String downloadFile(Long paramId){
   
    System.out.println("开始生成文件");
    String result = "";
    //这里假设objs是根据参数paramId 查询到  需要  写入到文档中的数据
    List<Object> objs = new ArrayList<>();
    
    // 创建字节数组输出流,用于返回压缩后的输出流字节数组
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    // 创建文档
    Document doc = new Document(null, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    
    // 写入PDF文档
    PdfWriter.getInstance(doc, baos);
    for(Object obj : objs){
       //将数据写入pdf中，具体实现根据业务而定
    }
    if (doc.isOpen()) doc.close();
    // 字节数组输出流转为字符串并设置编码
    result = new String(baos.toByteArray(), "ISO-8859-1");
    baos.close();
    
    System.out.println("生成文件完成");
    return result;
}

前端下载按钮

<a href="ip:端口/downloadFile" >下载pdf</a>

常见的响应类型

版权声明：
以下内容为CSDN博主「Lieforlove」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Lieforlove/article/details/90202258

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‘.doc’: ‘application/msword’,

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‘.gif’: ‘image/gif’,

‘.glade’: ‘application/x-glade’,

‘.gmo’: ‘application/x-gettext-translation’,

‘.gnc’: ‘application/x-gnucash’,

‘.gnd’: ‘application/gnunet-directory’,

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‘.gplt’: ‘application/x-gnuplot’,

‘.gra’: ‘application/x-graphite’,

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‘.gsm’: ‘audio/x-gsm’,

‘.gtar’: ‘application/x-tar’,

‘.gv’: ‘text/vnd.graphviz’,

‘.gvp’: ‘text/x-google-video-pointer’,

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‘.h’: ‘text/x-chdr’,

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‘.hh’: ‘text/x-c++hdr’,

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‘.odi’: ‘application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image’,

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‘.odp’: ‘application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation’,

‘.ods’: ‘application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet’,

‘.odt’: ‘application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text’,

‘.oga’: ‘audio/ogg’,

‘.ogg’: ‘video/x-theora+ogg’,

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‘.ogv’: ‘video/ogg’,

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‘.old’: ‘application/x-trash’,

‘.oleo’: ‘application/x-oleo’,

‘.opml’: ‘text/x-opml+xml’,

‘.ora’: ‘image/openraster’,

‘.orf’: ‘image/x-olympus-orf’,

‘.otc’: ‘application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart-template’,

‘.otf’: ‘application/x-font-otf’,

‘.otg’: ‘application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template’,

‘.oth’: ‘application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web’,

‘.otp’: ‘application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template’,

‘.ots’: ‘application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template’,

‘.ott’: ‘application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template’,

‘.owl’: ‘application/rdf+xml’,

‘.oxt’: ‘application/vnd.openofficeorg.extension’,

‘.p’: ‘text/x-pascal’,

‘.p’: ‘application/pkcs’,

‘.p’: ‘application/x-pkcs’,

‘.pb’: ‘application/x-pkcs-certificates’,

‘.ps’: ‘application/pkcs-signature’,

‘.pack’: ‘application/x-java-pack’,

‘.pak’: ‘application/x-pak’,

‘.par’: ‘application/x-par’,

‘.pas’: ‘text/x-pascal’,

‘.patch’: ‘text/x-patch’,

‘.pbm’: ‘image/x-portable-bitmap’,

‘.pcd’: ‘image/x-photo-cd’,

‘.pcf’: ‘application/x-cisco-vpn-settings’,

‘.pcf.gz’: ‘application/x-font-pcf’,

‘.pcf.z’: ‘application/x-font-pcf’,

‘.pcl’: ‘application/vnd.hp-pcl’,

‘.pcx’: ‘image/x-pcx’,

‘.pdb’: ‘chemical/x-pdb’,

‘.pdc’: ‘application/x-aportisdoc’,

‘.pdf’: ‘application/pdf’,

‘.pdf.bz’: ‘application/x-bzpdf’,

‘.pdf.gz’: ‘application/x-gzpdf’,

‘.pef’: ‘image/x-pentax-pef’,

‘.pem’: ‘application/x-x-ca-cert’,

‘.perl’: ‘application/x-perl’,

‘.pfa’: ‘application/x-font-type’,

‘.pfb’: ‘application/x-font-type’,

‘.pfx’: ‘application/x-pkcs’,

‘.pgm’: ‘image/x-portable-graymap’,

‘.pgn’: ‘application/x-chess-pgn’,

‘.pgp’: ‘application/pgp-encrypted’,

‘.php’: ‘application/x-php’,

‘.pict’: ‘image/x-pict’,

‘.pickle’: ‘application/python-pickle’,

‘.pk’: ‘application/x-tex-pk’,

‘.pkipath’: ‘application/pkix-pkipath’,

‘.pkr’: ‘application/pgp-keys’,

‘.pl’: ‘application/x-perl’,

‘.pla’: ‘audio/x-iriver-pla’,

‘.pln’: ‘application/x-planperfect’,

‘.pls’: ‘audio/x-scpls’,

‘.pm’: ‘application/x-perl’,

‘.png’: ‘image/png’,

‘.pnm’: ‘image/x-portable-anymap’,

‘.pntg’: ‘image/x-macpaint’,

‘.po’: ‘text/x-gettext-translation’,

‘.por’: ‘application/x-spss-por’,

‘.pot’: ‘text/x-gettext-translation-template’,

‘.ppm’: ‘image/x-portable-pixmap’,

‘.pps’: ‘application/vnd.ms-powerpoint’,

‘.ppt’: ‘application/vnd.ms-powerpoint’,

‘.pptm’: ‘application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation’,

‘.pptx’: ‘application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation’,

‘.ppz’: ‘application/vnd.ms-powerpoint’,

‘.prc’: ‘application/x-palm-database’,

‘.ps’: ‘application/postscript’,

‘.ps.bz’: ‘application/x-bzpostscript’,

‘.ps.gz’: ‘application/x-gzpostscript’,

‘.psd’: ‘image/vnd.adobe.photoshop’,

‘.psf’: ‘audio/x-psf’,

‘.psf.gz’: ‘application/x-gz-font-linux-psf’,

‘.psflib’: ‘audio/x-psflib’,

‘.psid’: ‘audio/prs.sid’,

‘.psw’: ‘application/x-pocket-word’,

‘.pw’: ‘application/x-pw’,

‘.py’: ‘text/x-python’,

‘.pyc’: ‘application/x-python-bytecode’,

‘.pyo’: ‘application/x-python-bytecode’,

‘.qif’: ‘image/x-quicktime’,

‘.qt’: ‘video/quicktime’,

‘.qtif’: ‘image/x-quicktime’,

‘.qtl’: ‘application/x-quicktime-media-link’,

‘.qtvr’: ‘video/quicktime’,

‘.ra’: ‘audio/vnd.rn-realaudio’,

‘.raf’: ‘image/x-fuji-raf’,

‘.ram’: ‘application/ram’,

‘.rar’: ‘application/x-rar’,

‘.ras’: ‘image/x-cmu-raster’,

‘.raw’: ‘image/x-panasonic-raw’,

‘.rax’: ‘audio/vnd.rn-realaudio’,

‘.rb’: ‘application/x-ruby’,

‘.rdf’: ‘application/rdf+xml’,

‘.rdfs’: ‘application/rdf+xml’,

‘.reg’: ‘text/x-ms-regedit’,

‘.rej’: ‘application/x-reject’,

‘.rgb’: ‘image/x-rgb’,

‘.rle’: ‘image/rle’,

‘.rm’: ‘application/vnd.rn-realmedia’,

‘.rmj’: ‘application/vnd.rn-realmedia’,

‘.rmm’: ‘application/vnd.rn-realmedia’,

‘.rms’: ‘application/vnd.rn-realmedia’,

‘.rmvb’: ‘application/vnd.rn-realmedia’,

‘.rmx’: ‘application/vnd.rn-realmedia’,

‘.roff’: ‘text/troff’,

‘.rp’: ‘image/vnd.rn-realpix’,

‘.rpm’: ‘application/x-rpm’,

‘.rss’: ‘application/rss+xml’,

‘.rt’: ‘text/vnd.rn-realtext’,

‘.rtf’: ‘application/rtf’,

‘.rtx’: ‘text/richtext’,

‘.rv’: ‘video/vnd.rn-realvideo’,

‘.rvx’: ‘video/vnd.rn-realvideo’,

‘.sm’: ‘audio/x-sm’,

‘.sam’: ‘application/x-amipro’,

‘.sami’: ‘application/x-sami’,

‘.sav’: ‘application/x-spss-sav’,

‘.scm’: ‘text/x-scheme’,

‘.sda’: ‘application/vnd.stardivision.draw’,

‘.sdc’: ‘application/vnd.stardivision.calc’,

‘.sdd’: ‘application/vnd.stardivision.impress’,

‘.sdp’: ‘application/sdp’,

‘.sds’: ‘application/vnd.stardivision.chart’,

‘.sdw’: ‘application/vnd.stardivision.writer’,

‘.sgf’: ‘application/x-go-sgf’,

‘.sgi’: ‘image/x-sgi’,

‘.sgl’: ‘application/vnd.stardivision.writer’,

‘.sgm’: ‘text/sgml’,

‘.sgml’: ‘text/sgml’,

‘.sh’: ‘application/x-shellscript’,

‘.shar’: ‘application/x-shar’,

‘.shn’: ‘application/x-shorten’,

‘.siag’: ‘application/x-siag’,

‘.sid’: ‘audio/prs.sid’,

‘.sik’: ‘application/x-trash’,

‘.sis’: ‘application/vnd.symbian.install’,

‘.sisx’: ‘x-epoc/x-sisx-app’,

‘.sit’: ‘application/x-stuffit’,

‘.siv’: ‘application/sieve’,

‘.sk’: ‘image/x-skencil’,

‘.skr’: ‘application/pgp-keys’,

‘.slk’: ‘text/spreadsheet’,

‘.smaf’: ‘application/x-smaf’,

‘.smc’: ‘application/x-snes-rom’,

‘.smd’: ‘application/vnd.stardivision.mail’,

‘.smf’: ‘application/vnd.stardivision.math’,

‘.smi’: ‘application/x-sami’,

‘.smil’: ‘application/smil’,

‘.sml’: ‘application/smil’,

‘.sms’: ‘application/x-sms-rom’,

‘.snd’: ‘audio/basic’,

‘.so’: ‘application/x-sharedlib’,

‘.spc’: ‘application/x-pkcs-certificates’,

‘.spd’: ‘application/x-font-speedo’,

‘.spec’: ‘text/x-rpm-spec’,

‘.spl’: ‘application/x-shockwave-flash’,

‘.spx’: ‘audio/x-speex’,

‘.sql’: ‘text/x-sql’,

‘.sr’: ‘image/x-sony-sr’,

‘.src’: ‘application/x-wais-source’,

‘.srf’: ‘image/x-sony-srf’,

‘.srt’: ‘application/x-subrip’,

‘.ssa’: ‘text/x-ssa’,

‘.stc’: ‘application/vnd.sun.xml.calc.template’,

‘.std’: ‘application/vnd.sun.xml.draw.template’,

‘.sti’: ‘application/vnd.sun.xml.impress.template’,

‘.stm’: ‘audio/x-stm’,

‘.stw’: ‘application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.template’,

‘.sty’: ‘text/x-tex’,

‘.sub’: ‘text/x-subviewer’,

‘.sun’: ‘image/x-sun-raster’,

‘.svcpio’: ‘application/x-svcpio’,

‘.svcrc’: ‘application/x-svcrc’,

‘.svg’: ‘image/svg+xml’,

‘.svgz’: ‘image/svg+xml-compressed’,

‘.swf’: ‘application/x-shockwave-flash’,

‘.sxc’: ‘application/vnd.sun.xml.calc’,

‘.sxd’: ‘application/vnd.sun.xml.draw’,

‘.sxg’: ‘application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.global’,

‘.sxi’: ‘application/vnd.sun.xml.impress’,

‘.sxm’: ‘application/vnd.sun.xml.math’,

‘.sxw’: ‘application/vnd.sun.xml.writer’,

‘.sylk’: ‘text/spreadsheet’,

‘.t’: ‘text/troff’,

‘.tt’: ‘text/x-txttags’,

‘.tar’: ‘application/x-tar’,

‘.tar.bz’: ‘application/x-bzip-compressed-tar’,

‘.tar.gz’: ‘application/x-compressed-tar’,

‘.tar.lzma’: ‘application/x-lzma-compressed-tar’,

‘.tar.lzo’: ‘application/x-tzo’,

‘.tar.xz’: ‘application/x-xz-compressed-tar’,

‘.tar.z’: ‘application/x-tarz’,

‘.tbz’: ‘application/x-bzip-compressed-tar’,

‘.tcl’: ‘text/x-tcl’,

‘.tex’: ‘text/x-tex’,

‘.texi’: ‘text/x-texinfo’,

‘.texinfo’: ‘text/x-texinfo’,

‘.tga’: ‘image/x-tga’,

‘.tgz’: ‘application/x-compressed-tar’,

‘.theme’: ‘application/x-theme’,

‘.themepack’: ‘application/x-windows-themepack’,

‘.tif’: ‘image/tiff’,

‘.tiff’: ‘image/tiff’,

‘.tk’: ‘text/x-tcl’,

‘.tlz’: ‘application/x-lzma-compressed-tar’,

‘.tnef’: ‘application/vnd.ms-tnef’,

‘.tnf’: ‘application/vnd.ms-tnef’,

‘.toc’: ‘application/x-cdrdao-toc’,

‘.torrent’: ‘application/x-bittorrent’,

‘.tpic’: ‘image/x-tga’,

‘.tr’: ‘text/troff’,

‘.ts’: ‘application/x-linguist’,

‘.tsv’: ‘text/tab-separated-values’,

‘.tta’: ‘audio/x-tta’,

‘.ttc’: ‘application/x-font-ttf’,

‘.ttf’: ‘application/x-font-ttf’,

‘.ttx’: ‘application/x-font-ttx’,

‘.txt’: ‘text/plain’,

‘.txz’: ‘application/x-xz-compressed-tar’,

‘.tzo’: ‘application/x-tzo’,

‘.ufraw’: ‘application/x-ufraw’,

‘.ui’: ‘application/x-designer’,

‘.uil’: ‘text/x-uil’,

‘.ult’: ‘audio/x-mod’,

‘.uni’: ‘audio/x-mod’,

‘.uri’: ‘text/x-uri’,

‘.url’: ‘text/x-uri’,

‘.ustar’: ‘application/x-ustar’,

‘.vala’: ‘text/x-vala’,

‘.vapi’: ‘text/x-vala’,

‘.vcf’: ‘text/directory’,

‘.vcs’: ‘text/calendar’,

‘.vct’: ‘text/directory’,

‘.vda’: ‘image/x-tga’,

‘.vhd’: ‘text/x-vhdl’,

‘.vhdl’: ‘text/x-vhdl’,

‘.viv’: ‘video/vivo’,

‘.vivo’: ‘video/vivo’,

‘.vlc’: ‘audio/x-mpegurl’,

‘.vob’: ‘video/mpeg’,

‘.voc’: ‘audio/x-voc’,

‘.vor’: ‘application/vnd.stardivision.writer’,

‘.vst’: ‘image/x-tga’,

‘.wav’: ‘audio/x-wav’,

‘.wax’: ‘audio/x-ms-asx’,

‘.wb’: ‘application/x-quattropro’,

‘.wbmp’: ‘image/vnd.wap.wbmp’,

‘.wcm’: ‘application/vnd.ms-works’,

‘.wdb’: ‘application/vnd.ms-works’,

‘.webm’: ‘video/webm’,

‘.wk’: ‘application/vnd.lotus—’,

‘.wks’: ‘application/vnd.ms-works’,

‘.wma’: ‘audio/x-ms-wma’,

‘.wmf’: ‘image/x-wmf’,

‘.wml’: ‘text/vnd.wap.wml’,

‘.wmls’: ‘text/vnd.wap.wmlscript’,

‘.wmv’: ‘video/x-ms-wmv’,

‘.wmx’: ‘audio/x-ms-asx’,

‘.wp’: ‘application/vnd.wordperfect’,

‘.wpd’: ‘application/vnd.wordperfect’,

‘.wpg’: ‘application/x-wpg’,

‘.wpl’: ‘application/vnd.ms-wpl’,

‘.wpp’: ‘application/vnd.wordperfect’,

‘.wps’: ‘application/vnd.ms-works’,

‘.wri’: ‘application/x-mswrite’,

‘.wrl’: ‘model/vrml’,

‘.wv’: ‘audio/x-wavpack’,

‘.wvc’: ‘audio/x-wavpack-correction’,

‘.wvp’: ‘audio/x-wavpack’,

‘.wvx’: ‘audio/x-ms-asx’,

‘.xf’: ‘image/x-sigma-xf’,

‘.xac’: ‘application/x-gnucash’,

‘.xbel’: ‘application/x-xbel’,

‘.xbl’: ‘application/xml’,

‘.xbm’: ‘image/x-xbitmap’,

‘.xcf’: ‘image/x-xcf’,

‘.xcf.bz’: ‘image/x-compressed-xcf’,

‘.xcf.gz’: ‘image/x-compressed-xcf’,

‘.xhtml’: ‘application/xhtml+xml’,

‘.xi’: ‘audio/x-xi’,

‘.xla’: ‘application/vnd.ms-excel’,

‘.xlc’: ‘application/vnd.ms-excel’,

‘.xld’: ‘application/vnd.ms-excel’,

‘.xlf’: ‘application/x-xliff’,

‘.xliff’: ‘application/x-xliff’,

‘.xll’: ‘application/vnd.ms-excel’,

‘.xlm’: ‘application/vnd.ms-excel’,

‘.xls’: ‘application/vnd.ms-excel’,

‘.xlsm’: ‘application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet’,

‘.xlsx’: ‘application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet’,

‘.xlt’: ‘application/vnd.ms-excel’,

‘.xlw’: ‘application/vnd.ms-excel’,

‘.xm’: ‘audio/x-xm’,

‘.xmf’: ‘audio/x-xmf’,

‘.xmi’: ‘text/x-xmi’,

‘.xml’: ‘application/xml’,

‘.xpm’: ‘image/x-xpixmap’,

‘.xps’: ‘application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument’,

‘.xsl’: ‘application/xml’,

‘.xslfo’: ‘text/x-xslfo’,

‘.xslt’: ‘application/xml’,

‘.xspf’: ‘application/xspf+xml’,

‘.xul’: ‘application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml’,

‘.xwd’: ‘image/x-xwindowdump’,

‘.xyz’: ‘chemical/x-pdb’,

‘.xz’: ‘application/x-xz’,

‘.wp’: ‘application/wp’,

‘.z’: ‘application/x-compress’,

‘.zabw’: ‘application/x-abiword’,

‘.zip’: ‘application/zip’,

‘.zoo’: ‘application/x-zoo’

liang兄。

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