Android进程通信之AIDL

在我们平时的工作中,进程间通信是很常见的。假如你做过音频类应用,在控制台会发现,除了应用默认的进程外,还有一个类似“xxx.player”的进程,专门用来处理播放相关内容的进程;同样的,推送可能也需要增加一个单独的推送进程去完成对应的工作。有时候,我们也需要自己去实现这些功能。

官方提供了非常便捷的实现方法,定义AIDL接口,我们只需要在该aidl文件内部定义一些抽象方法,通过构建项目就会自动生成对应的java文件:

(1)对AIDL的操作进行简单介绍(也是我们平时使用的方式):

1.创建aidl文件MakeProject(C/S两端一样)

interface IMathAidl {
    double add(double a,double b);//加法
    double sub(double a,double b);//减法
    void play(String path);//路径信息
}

2.服务端创建Service,不要忘记注册

public class MyService extends Service {

        private IMathAidl.Stub mStub = new IMathAidl.Stub() {
    	@Override
    	public double add(double a, double b) throws RemoteException {
            return a + b;
   	}

    	@Override
    	public double sub(double a, double b) throws RemoteException {
            return a - b;
    	}

    	@Override
    	public void play(String path) throws RemoteException {
            Message message = Message.obtain();
            message.obj = path;
    	    mHandler.sendMessage(message);
    	}
	};

	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
    	    return mStub;
	}
}
<service android:name=".MyService">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.sinitek.aidl.service"/>
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
    </intent-filter>
</service>

3.Client端进行关联调用Server端

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.sinitek.aidl.service");
        intent.setPackage("com.sinitek.transactionserver");//minSdkVersion 21
        bindService(intent, mConn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }
    private ServiceConnection mConn = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
        }
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            IMathAidl mathAidl = IMathAidl.Stub.asInterface(service);
            try {
                double result = mathAidl.add(1, 1);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "计算结果为:" + result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                mathAidl.play("请观看服务端播放:'西京一村夫'SINITEK冲刺之路.mp4");
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    };
}

涉及的相关代码放在:https://github.com/BuilderPattern/AidlTransactionServer.git

https://github.com/BuilderPattern/AidlTransactionClient.git

(2)如果你是一个比较有求知欲的键盘侠,你通过一顿操作在IMathAidl.java中就会发现,该AIDL会生成java类,实际的交互都这里完成。问题来了,是不是可以不用定义aidl接口,直接采用IMathAidl.java类中的方式去实现呢?答案是:肯定可以!因为,本质上就是aidl通过构建生成对应的IMathAidl.java文件来实现具体操作,如下:

1.Server端创建一个Service并注册:

public class NoAidlService extends Service {

    public IBinder onBind(Intent t) {
        return mBinder;
    }
    
    private NormalBinder mBinder = new NormalBinder();
    
    private class NormalBinder extends Binder {
        @Override
        protected boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException {//0加,1乘
            switch (code) {
                case 0: {
                    data.enforceInterface("NoAidlService");//检测标识
                    int _arg0 = data.readInt();
                    int _arg1 = data.readInt();
                    int _result = _arg0 + _arg1;
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    reply.writeInt(_result);
                    return true;
                }
                case 1: {
                    data.enforceInterface("NoAidlService");
                    int _arg0 = data.readInt();
                    int _arg1 = data.readInt();
                    int _result = _arg0 * _arg1;
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    reply.writeInt(_result);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
        }
    }
}
<service android:name=".NoAidlService">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.sinitek.noaidl.myservice" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            </intent-filter>
        </service>

2.Client端连接Server端,发送收据/等待回复:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    IBinder mBinder;
    ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            mBinder = service;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
    
        }
    };
    
    TextView mTextView;
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mTextView = findViewById(R.id.activity_main_operate_tv);
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.sinitek.noaidl.myservice");
        intent.setPackage("com.sinitek.transactionservernoaidl");
        bindService(intent, mServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        initEvent();
    }
    
    private void initEvent() {
        mTextView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                mRcvSnd();
            }
        });
    }
    
    public void mRcvSnd() {
    
        if (mBinder == null) {
            return;
        }
        Parcel _data = Parcel.obtain();
        Parcel _reply = Parcel.obtain();
        int _code = (int) (Math.random() * 6) % 2;
        int _result;
        try {
            _data.writeInterfaceToken("NoAidlService");//客户端标识
            _data.writeInt(6);
            _data.writeInt(6);
            mBinder.transact(_code, _data, _reply, 0);
            _reply.readException();
            _result = _reply.readInt();
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "收到回复:" + _result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            _reply.recycle();
            _data.recycle();
        }
    }

}

有关该交互过程比较容易理解,依次:创建Server》Client连接Service》Client向Service发送数据》Service收到Client数据进行一系列分析操作,做出回应》Client拿到Service的响应结果,过程中也会涉及到校验和数据回收等,如下图所示:

涉及到的代码放在:https://github.com/BuilderPattern/NoAidlTransactionServer.git

https://github.com/BuilderPattern/NoAidlTransactionClient.git

以上内容就是有关AIDL的操作实现,及内部工作原理。使用过程需要注意:aidl要求文件所在包名(不是应用包名,具体去看demo)一致。如果想学习进一步深入学习Binder通信原理,请查看:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/bjaC0tSB0R87kFZSe_G8sA

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转载自blog.csdn.net/yang1164851882/article/details/108617020