iOS block的深度探究

其他 2020-10-19 17:16:14 阅读次数: 0

tags: block

分两部分内容来剖析block：

  1. 怎么用
  2. 为什么这么用

block的堆栈

分类：

根据Block在内存中的位置分为三种类型NSGlobalBlock，NSStackBlock, NSMallocBlock。

NSGlobalBlock：类似函数，位于text段； NSStackBlock：位于栈内存，函数返回后Block将无效； NSMallocBlock：位于堆内存。需要开发者进行释放。
区分：非ARC下，无引用外部变量的即为NSGlobalBlock，引用外部变量的为NSStackBlock，NSStakBlock做copy即为NSMallocBlock。
内存管理：

block是编译时生成的，而不是运行时生成的。所以在编译时如果用到外部变量就会把变量建一份快照放到栈上。

  • NSGlobalBlock：生命周期从应用程序开始到程序终止。对其做retain/release/copy都没有任何意义，还是返回本身。
  • NSStackBlock：函数返回后即消失。对其做retain/release都没有任何意义，还是返回本身。对其做copy则会把内容复制到堆内存(NSMallocBlock)，生成新的内存块。
  • NSMallocBlock：需要程序员自己释放，对其做retain和copy一样，只是所指对象计数器增加1，打印时一直会显示1，但实际计数器已经增加了。对其做release计数器减一，不过打印计数器时，一直还是显示1。
typedef int (^square)(int);

(void) viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];

square tempBlock1 = ^(int a){ return a * a; };

NSLog(@"tempBlock1:%@, return1:%d", tempBlock1, tempBlock1(5));
// log: tempBlock1:<__NSGlobalBlock__: 0x10e6d9240>, return1:25

int i = 2;
square temptBlock2 = ^(int a){ int itRet = i * a; return itRet; };
NSLog(@"temptBlock2:%@, return2:%d", temptBlock2, temptBlock2(5));
// log: temptBlock2:<__NSStackBlock__: 0x7fff51528a50>, return2:10

square temptBlock3 = [temptBlock2 copy];
NSLog(@"temptBlock3:%@, return3:%d", temptBlock3, temptBlock3(5));
// log: temptBlock3:<__NSMallocBlock__: 0x7fbdc0608180>, return3:10

temptBlock = [temptBlock3 copy];
NSLog(@"temptBlock:%@, return:%d", temptBlock, temptBlock(5));
// log: temptBlock:<__NSMallocBlock__: 0x7fbdc0608180>, return3:10 此时temptBlock的计数器实际上是2

[temptBlock release];
}

(IBAction)Test:(id)sender {
NSLog(@"=====temptBlock:%@, return:%d, blockRec:%ld", temptBlock, temptBlock(5), [temptBlock retainCount]);

// 如果viewDidLoad中temptBlock再做次release就crash了 这里
}

修改变量值原理

typedef int (^square)(int);

int i = 6;
square tempBlock1 = ^(int a){return a * i; };

printf("=====%d", tempBlock1(5));

如果想在tempBlock1中更改i值是不被允许的，为什么？查看代码的底层实现:clang -rewrite-objc block2.c，去掉不必要的代码，保留主要代码：

struct __block_impl {
  void *isa;
  int Flags;
  int Reserved;
  void *FuncPtr;
};

struct __main_block_impl_0 {
struct __block_impl impl;
struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
int i;
__main_block_impl_0(void fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 desc, int _i, int flags=0) : i(_i) { 

 

  1. impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;

  2. impl.Flags = flags;

  3. impl.FuncPtr = fp;

  4. Desc = desc;

}
};

static int __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself, int a) {
int i = __cself->i; // bound by copy
return a * i; }

static struct __main_block_desc_0 {
size_t reserved;
size_t Block_size;
} __main_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main_block_impl_0)};

int main()
{ 

 

  1. int i = 6;

  2. square tempBlock1 = ((int (*)(int))&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, i));

  3.  

  4. printf("=====%d", ((int (*)(__block_impl *, int))((__block_impl *)tempBlock1)->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)tempBlock1, 5));

  5.  

  6. return 0;

}

代码看上去有些多，看主要信息：

  1. __block_impl：isa指名是一个对象，指向所属类的指针也就是保存了block的类型（这里为栈对象），flags记录block的标识，reserved：保留字段为了扩展，funcptr：block执行的函数体，也就是block的实现。__main_block_impl_0：包含__block_impl对象和__main_block_desc_0（就是记录__main_block_impl_0的大小），以及外部变量的映像。个人理解其实__block_impl就是__main_block_impl_0的基类。
  2. 顺序：创建tempBlock1对象，执行block的函数体。
  3. 为什么不能在block中直接更改变量值，因为传的只是形参，如果改变的话只能操作tempBlock1中的i的改变，但是外部的变量i是不会被改变的，所以干脆禁止这么操作。那么怎么改才能和外部的联动？
{
   
   
 

  1. __block int i = 6;

  2. square tempBlock1 = ^(int a){ i = i + 1; return a * i; };

  3.  

  4. i = 7;

  5.  

  6. printf("=====%d,i=%d", tempBlock1(5), i);

  7.  

  8. return 0;

}

同样查看源码，去掉不必要的代码：

struct __block_impl {
  void *isa;
  int Flags;
  int Reserved;
  void *FuncPtr;
};

struct __Block_byref_i_0 {
void *__isa;
__Block_byref_i_0 *__forwarding;
int __flags;
int __size;
int i;
};

struct __main_block_impl_0 {
struct __block_impl impl;
struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
__Block_byref_i_0 *i; // by ref
__main_block_impl_0(void fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 desc, __Block_byref_i_0 *_i, int flags=0) : i(_i->__forwarding) { 

 

  1. impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;

  2. impl.Flags = flags;

  3. impl.FuncPtr = fp;

  4. Desc = desc;

}
};

static int __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself, int a) {
__Block_byref_i_0 *i = __cself->i; // bound by ref
(i->__forwarding->i) = (i->__forwarding->i) + 1; return a * (i->__forwarding->i); }

static void __main_block_copy_0(struct __main_block_impl_0dst, struct __main_block_impl_0src) {_Block_object_assign((void)&dst->i, (void)src->i, 8/BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF/);}

static void __main_block_dispose_0(struct __main_block_impl_0src) {_Block_object_dispose((void)src->i, 8/BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF/);}

static struct __main_block_desc_0 {
size_t reserved;
size_t Block_size;
void (copy)(struct __main_block_impl_0, struct __main_block_impl_0*);
void (dispose)(struct __main_block_impl_0);
} __main_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main_block_impl_0), __main_block_copy_0, __main_block_dispose_0};

int main()
{ 

 

  1. __attribute__((__blocks__(byref))) __Block_byref_i_0 i = {(void*)0,(__Block_byref_i_0 *)&i, 0, sizeof(__Block_byref_i_0), 6};

  2. square tempBlock1 = ((int (*)(int))&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, (__Block_byref_i_0 *)&i, 570425344));

  3.  

  4. (i.__forwarding->i) = 7;

  5.  

  6. printf("=====%d,i=%d", ((int (*)(__block_impl *, int))((__block_impl *)tempBlock1)->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)tempBlock1, 5), (i.__forwarding->i));

  7.  

  8. return 0;

}

只看不同的代码：

  1. 多了个__Block_byref_i_0：生成__Block_byref_i_0对象i存储外部变量的值，这样把__Block_byref_i_0对象i的指针传入block中，在栈函数funptr中直接改变__Block_byref_i_0对象i中int变量i的值，因为block外部和内部都用的是同一个对象指针，所以在block内外改变其中的值是联动的即同一份。
  2. 多了个__main_block_copy_0：如果block从栈中复制到堆中时，会调用此函数，里面的实现就是把__Block_byref_i_0对象i栈的i->forwarding指向__Block_byref_i_0堆中的地址。这样堆中操作了，栈中也会联动改变。也是forwarding的作用（代码实现在下面）。
  3. __main_block_dispose_0：在block释放时会调用此函数。

具体源码查看苹果blockRuntime里面的这些实现的源码，网址点击这里:

void _Block_object_assign(void destAddr, const void object, const int flags)
{
   
   
 

  1. //printf("_Block_object_assign(*%p, %p, %x)\n", destAddr, object, flags);

  2. if ((flags & BLOCK_BYREF_CALLER) == BLOCK_BYREF_CALLER)

  3. {

  4. if ((flags & BLOCK_FIELD_IS_WEAK) == BLOCK_FIELD_IS_WEAK)

  5. {

  6. _Block_assign_weak(object, destAddr);

  7. }

  8. else

  9. {

  10. // do *not* retain or *copy* __block variables whatever they are

  11. _Block_assign((void *)object, destAddr);

  12. }

  13. }

  14. else if ((flags & BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF) == BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF)

  15. {

  16. // copying a __block reference from the stack Block to the heap

  17. // flags will indicate if it holds a __weak reference and needs a special isa

  18. _Block_byref_assign_copy(destAddr, object, flags);

  19. }

  20. // (this test must be before next one)

  21. else if ((flags & BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BLOCK) == BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BLOCK)

  22. {

  23. // copying a Block declared variable from the stack Block to the heap

  24. _Block_assign(_Block_copy_internal(object, flags), destAddr);

  25. }

  26. // (this test must be after previous one)

  27. else if ((flags & BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT) == BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT)

  28. {

  29. //printf("retaining object at %p\n", object);

  30. _Block_retain_object(object);

  31. //printf("done retaining object at %p\n", object);

  32. _Block_assign((void *)object, destAddr);

  33. }

}

static void _Block_byref_assign_copy(void dest, const void arg, const int flags)
{ 

 

  1. struct Block_byref **destp = (struct Block_byref **)dest;

  2. struct Block_byref *src = (struct Block_byref *)arg;

  3. if (src->forwarding->flags & BLOCK_IS_GC)

  4. {

  5. ; // don't need to do any more work

  6. }

  7. else if ((src->forwarding->flags & BLOCK_REFCOUNT_MASK) == 0)

  8. {

  9. //printf("making copy\n");

  10. // src points to stack

  11. bool isWeak = ((flags & (BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF|BLOCK_FIELD_IS_WEAK)) == (BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF|BLOCK_FIELD_IS_WEAK));

  12. // if its weak ask for an object (only matters under GC)

  13. struct Block_byref *copy = (struct Block_byref *)_Block_allocator(src->size, false, isWeak);

  14. copy->flags = src->flags | _Byref_flag_initial_value; // non-GC one for caller, one for stack

  15. copy->forwarding = copy; // patch heap copy to point to itself (skip write-barrier)

  16. src->forwarding = copy; // patch stack to point to heap copy

  17. copy->size = src->size;

  18. if (isWeak) {

  19. copy->isa = &_NSConcreteWeakBlockVariable; // mark isa field so it gets weak scanning

  20. }

  21. if (src->flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) {

  22. // Trust copy helper to copy everything of interest

  23. // If more than one field shows up in a byref block this is wrong XXX

  24. copy->byref_keep = src->byref_keep;

  25. copy->byref_destroy = src->byref_destroy;

  26. (*src->byref_keep)(copy, src);

  27. }

  28. else {

  29. // just bits. Blast 'em using _Block_memmove in case they're __strong

  30. _Block_memmove(

  31. (void *)&copy->byref_keep,

  32. (void *)&src->byref_keep,

  33. src->size - sizeof(struct Block_byref_header));

  34. }

  35. }

  36. // already copied to heap

  37. else if ((src->forwarding->flags & BLOCK_NEEDS_FREE) == BLOCK_NEEDS_FREE) {

  38. latching_incr_int(&src->forwarding->flags);

  39. }

  40. // assign byref data block pointer into new Block

  41. _Block_assign(src->forwarding, (void **)destp);

}

循环引用

现象

对如下3个Person类分别做[[Person alloc] init]和[Person release]，查看Person类中dealloc是否会调用。

类A PersonA：

typedef int (^square)(int);

import "Person.h"

@interface Person ()
{ 

square tempBlock;

}

@property (nonatomic, assign) int i;

@end

@implementation Person

(id) init
{
self = [super init];
if (self)
{ 

 

  1. _i = 8;

  2. tempBlock = ^(int a){

  3. return a * _i;

  4. };

  5.  

  6. NSLog(@"tempBlock:%@", tempBlock);

}

return self;
}

(void) funTest
{ 

NSLog(@"tmpBlock:%d", tempBlock(5));

}

(void) dealloc
{ 

 

  1. [super dealloc];

  2.  

  3. NSLog(@"dealloc run");

}

@end

类B:PersonB：

typedef int (^square)(int);

import "Person1.h"

@interface Person1 ()
{ 

square tempBlock;

}

@property (nonatomic, assign) int i;

@end

@implementation Person1

(id) init
{
self = [super init];
if (self)
{ 

 

  1. _i = 8;

  2. square tempBlock1 = ^(int a){

  3. return a * _i;

  4. };

  5.  

  6. tempBlock = [tempBlock1 copy];

  7.  

  8. NSLog(@"tempBlock:%@, temptBlock1:%@", tempBlock, tempBlock1);

}

return self;
}

(void) funTest
{ 

NSLog(@"tmpBlock:%d", tempBlock(5));

}

(void) dealloc
{ 

 

  1. [super dealloc];

  2.  

  3. NSLog(@"dealloc run");

}

@end

类C：PersonC:

typedef int (^square)(int);

import "Person2.h"

@interface Person2 ()
{ 

square tempBlock;

}

@property (nonatomic, assign) int i;

@end

@implementation Person2

(id) init
{
self = [super init];
if (self)
{ 

 

  1. _i = 8;

  2. __block Person2* weakSelf = self;

  3. square tempBlock1 = ^(int a){

  4. return a * weakSelf.i;

  5. };

  6.  

  7. tempBlock = [tempBlock1 copy];

  8.  

  9. NSLog(@"tempBlock:%@, temptBlock1:%@", tempBlock, tempBlock1);

}

return self;
}

(void) funTest
{ 

NSLog(@"tmpBlock:%d", tempBlock(5));

}

(void) dealloc
{ 

 

  1. [super dealloc];

  2.  

  3. NSLog(@"dealloc run");

}

@end

发现：

  1. A和C的dealloc会调用，而B的dealloc不会调用
  2. A中的block为栈的block，B和C的tempBlock为堆的block（从栈中copy了）
  3. 说明栈的block不会强引用self，而堆的block会强引用self。如果加上__block Person2* weakSelf = self;时，再在block中访问weakSelf的变量就不会强引用weakSelf。

为什么？

本质实现探究

查看源码实现，就知道栈上的blockcopy到堆上时，对person对象进行了retain，而当person对象加上__block时，block内部就不会对person进行retain了。具体如下：
对person1代码进行clang查看源码如下：

struct __block_impl 
{
   
   
 

  1. void *isa;

  2. int Flags;

  3. int Reserved;

  4. void *FuncPtr;

};

struct Person1_IMPL
{ 

 

  1. struct NSObject_IMPL NSObject_IVARS;

  2. square tempBlock;

  3. int _i;

};

struct __Person1__init_block_impl_0
{
struct __block_impl impl;
struct __Person1__init_block_desc_0* Desc;
Person1 *self;
__Person1__init_block_impl_0(void fp, struct __Person1__init_block_desc_0 desc, Person1 *_self, int flags=0) : self(_self)
{ 

 

  1. impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;

  2. impl.Flags = flags;

  3. impl.FuncPtr = fp;

  4. Desc = desc;

}
};

static int __Person1__init_block_func_0(struct __Person1__init_block_impl_0 *__cself, int a)
{ 

 

  1. Person1 *self = __cself->self; // bound by copy

  2. return a * (*(int *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person1$_i));

}

static void __Person1__init_block_copy_0(struct __Person1__init_block_impl_0dst, struct __Person1__init_block_impl_0src)
{ 

 

  1. _Block_object_assign((void*)&dst->self, (void*)src->self, 3/

  2. *BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT*/);

}

static void __Person1__init_block_dispose_0(struct __Person1__init_block_impl_0*src)
{
_Block_object_dispose((void)src->self, 3/BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT*/);
}

static struct __Person1__init_block_desc_0
{ 

 

  1. size_t reserved;

  2. size_t Block_size;

  3. void (*copy)(struct __Person1__init_block_impl_0*, struct __Person1__init_block_impl_0*);

  4. void (*dispose)(struct __Person1__init_block_impl_0*);

} __Person1__init_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __Person1__init_block_impl_0), __Person1__init_block_copy_0, __Person1__init_block_dispose_0};

static id _I_Person1_init(Person1 * self, SEL _cmd)
{ 

 

  1. self = ((Person1 *(*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("Person1"))}, sel_registerName("init"));

  2. if (self)

  3. {

  4. (*(int *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person1$_i)) = 8;

  5. square tempBlock1 = ((int (*)(int))&__Person1__init_block_impl_0((void *)__Person1__init_block_func_0, &__Person1__init_block_desc_0_DATA, self, 570425344));

  6.  

  7. (*(square *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person1$tempBlock)) = (square)((id (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)tempBlock1, sel_registerName("copy"));

  8.  

  9. NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_4x_l4ckkvk570s3grlbg_9fdk_40000gn_T_Person1_617ecb_mi_0, (*(square *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person1$tempBlock)), tempBlock1);

  10. }

  11.  

  12. return self;

}

static void _I_Person1_funTest(Person1 * self, SEL _cmd)
{ 

NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_4x_l4ckkvk570s3grlbg_9fdk_40000gn_T_Person1_617ecb_mi_1, ((int (*)(__block_impl *, int))((__block_impl *)(*(square *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person1$tempBlock)))->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)(*(square *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person1$tempBlock)), 5));

}

static void _I_Person1_dealloc(Person1 * self, SEL _cmd)
{ 

 

  1. ((void (*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("Person1"))}, sel_registerName("dealloc"));

  2.  

  3. NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_4x_l4ckkvk570s3grlbg_9fdk_40000gn_T_Person1_617ecb_mi_2);

}

static int _I_Person1_i(Person1 self, SEL _cmd) { return ((int )((char )self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person1$_i)); }
static void _I_Person1_setI_(Person1 self, SEL _cmd, int i) { ((int )((char )self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person1$_i)) = i; }
// @end

结合runtime.h查看上面代码的执行过程：

  1. 先执行_I_Person1_init这个函数，执行block的copy。查看runtime.h中block_copy会执行_Block_copy_internal

  2. 执行_Block_copy_internal(const void arg, const int flags)中

    struct Block_layout
    aBlock;
    // The following would be better done as a switch statement
    aBlock = (struct Block_layout *)arg;// Its a stack block. Make a copy.
    if (!isGC) { 
     

    1. struct Block_layout *result = malloc(aBlock->descriptor->size);

    2. if (!result) return (void *)0;

    3. memmove(result, aBlock, aBlock->descriptor->size); // bitcopy first

    4. // reset refcount

    5. result->flags &= ~(BLOCK_REFCOUNT_MASK); // XXX not needed

    6. result->flags |= BLOCK_NEEDS_FREE | 1;

    7. result->isa = _NSConcreteMallocBlock;

    8. if (result->flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) {

    9. //printf("calling block copy helper %p(%p, %p)...\n", aBlock->descriptor->copy, result, aBlock);

    10. (*aBlock->descriptor->copy)(result, aBlock); // do fixup

    11. }

    12. return result;

    }

  3. 执行上面对栈上的block进行copy，在堆上生成新的内存块，flag为BLOCK_NEEDS_FREE和~(BLOCK_REFCOUNT_MASK)记得这个后面会用。isa声明为堆的block。然后执行(*aBlock->descriptor->copy)(result, aBlock)即上面的__Person1__init_block_copy_0函数
  4. 执行_Block_object_assign((void)&dst->self, (void)src->self, 3/
    BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT/);查看runtime.h查看其实现。

  5. 执行的代码如下：

    void _Block_object_assign(void destAddr, const void object, const int flags) 
{
// (this test must be after previous one)
else if ((flags & BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT) == BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT) {
     
     
     

    1. //printf("retaining object at %p\n", object);

    2. _Block_retain_object(object);

    3. //printf("done retaining object at %p\n", object);

    4. _Block_assign((void *)object, destAddr);

    }
    }

  6. 对object即src->self即block持有的person进行了retain,而_block_assign把栈上持有的person对象的内存地址赋值到堆上面person的对象的地址。这样指向一个person对象就可以直接操作person对象的变量和值。

同样对person2进行源码编译，查看runtime.c，也详细分析下步骤 编译后的源码:

struct __block_impl 
{
  void *isa;
  int Flags;
  int Reserved;
  void *FuncPtr;
};

static void __Block_byref_id_object_copy_131(void dst, void src){
// 4个指针加上2个int 48+24=40即__Block_byref_weakSelf_0中的person对象 131即为BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT|BLOCK_BYREF_CALLE
_Block_object_assign((char)dst + 40, (void ) ((char*)src + 40), 131);
}

static void __Block_byref_id_object_dispose_131(void *src) {
_Block_object_dispose((void ) ((char)src + 40), 131);
}

static NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_4x_l4ckkvk570s3grlbg_9fdk_40000gn_T_Person2_62cdd7_mi_0 __attribute ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"tempBlock:%@, temptBlock1:%@",28};
static NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_4x_l4ckkvk570s3grlbg_9fdk_40000gn_T_Person2_62cdd7_mi_1 __attribute ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"tmpBlock:%d",11};
static NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_4x_l4ckkvk570s3grlbg_9fdk_40000gn_T_Person2_62cdd7_mi_2 __attribute ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"dealloc run",11};

struct __Block_byref_weakSelf_0 {
void *__isa;
__Block_byref_weakSelf_0 *__forwarding;
int __flags;
int __size;
void (__Block_byref_id_object_copy)(void, void*);
void (__Block_byref_id_object_dispose)(void);
Person2 *weakSelf;
};

struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0 {
struct __block_impl impl;
struct __Person2__init_block_desc_0* Desc;
__Block_byref_weakSelf_0 *weakSelf; // by ref
__Person2__init_block_impl_0(void fp, struct __Person2__init_block_desc_0 desc, __Block_byref_weakSelf_0 *_weakSelf, int flags=0) : weakSelf(_weakSelf->__forwarding) { 

 

  1. impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;

  2. impl.Flags = flags;

  3. impl.FuncPtr = fp;

  4. Desc = desc;

}
};

static int __Person2__init_block_func_0(struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0 *__cself, int a)
{ 

 

  1. __Block_byref_weakSelf_0 *weakSelf = __cself->weakSelf; // bound by ref

  2. return a * ((int (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)(weakSelf->__forwarding->weakSelf), sel_registerName("i"));

}

static void __Person2__init_block_copy_0(struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0dst, struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0src)
{ 

_Block_object_assign((void*)&dst->weakSelf, (void*)src->weakSelf, 8/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF*/);

}

static void __Person2__init_block_dispose_0(struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0*src)
{ 

_Block_object_dispose((void*)src->weakSelf, 8/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF*/);

}

static struct __Person2__init_block_desc_0
{
size_t reserved;
size_t Block_size;
void (copy)(struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0, struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0*);
void (dispose)(struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0);
} __Person2__init_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0), __Person2__init_block_copy_0, __Person2__init_block_dispose_0};

static id _I_Person2_init(Person2 * self, SEL _cmd) { 

 

  1. self = ((Person2 *(*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("Person2"))}, sel_registerName("init"));

  2. if (self)

  3. {

  4. //33554432即为BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE

  5. (*(int *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person2$_i)) = 8;

  6. __attribute__((__blocks__(byref))) __Block_byref_weakSelf_0 weakSelf = {(void*)0,(__Block_byref_weakSelf_0 *)&weakSelf, 33554432, sizeof(__Block_byref_weakSelf_0), __Block_byref_id_object_copy_131, __Block_byref_id_object_dispose_131, self};

  7. square tempBlock1 = ((int (*)(int))&__Person2__init_block_impl_0((void *)__Person2__init_block_func_0, &__Person2__init_block_desc_0_DATA, (__Block_byref_weakSelf_0 *)&weakSelf, 570425344));

  8. (*(square *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person2$tempBlock)) = (square)((id (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)tempBlock1, sel_registerName("copy"));

  9. NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_4x_l4ckkvk570s3grlbg_9fdk_40000gn_T_Person2_62cdd7_mi_0, (*(square *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person2$tempBlock)), tempBlock1);

  10. }

  11. return self;

}

static void _I_Person2_funTest(Person2 * self, SEL _cmd)
{ 

NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_4x_l4ckkvk570s3grlbg_9fdk_40000gn_T_Person2_62cdd7_mi_1, ((int (*)(__block_impl *, int))((__block_impl *)(*(square *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person2$tempBlock)))->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)(*(square *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person2$tempBlock)), 5));

}

static void _I_Person2_dealloc(Person2 * self, SEL _cmd)
{ 

 

  1. ((void (*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("Person2"))}, sel_registerName("dealloc"));

  2. ((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)(*(square *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person2$tempBlock)), sel_registerName("release"));

  3. NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_4x_l4ckkvk570s3grlbg_9fdk_40000gn_T_Person2_62cdd7_mi_2);

}

static int _I_Person2_i(Person2 self, SEL _cmd) { return ((int )((char )self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person2$_i)); }
static void _I_Person2_setI_(Person2 self, SEL _cmd, int i) { ((int )((char )self + OBJC_IVAR_$_Person2$_i)) = i; }

执行步骤：

  1. 执行_I_Person2_init，生成__Block_byref_weakSelf_0中weakSelf,用weakSelf生成tempBlock对象。执行tempBlock的copy。

  2. 同样执行_Block_copy_internal(const void *arg, const int flags)中

    struct Block_layout *aBlock;
// The following would be better done as a switch statement
aBlock = (struct Block_layout *)arg;// Its a stack block.  Make a copy.
if (!isGC) {
     
     
     

    1. struct Block_layout *result = malloc(aBlock->descriptor->size);

    2. if (!result) return (void *)0;

    3. memmove(result, aBlock, aBlock->descriptor->size); // bitcopy first

    4. // reset refcount

    5. result->flags &= ~(BLOCK_REFCOUNT_MASK); // XXX not needed

    6. result->flags |= BLOCK_NEEDS_FREE | 1;

    7. result->isa = _NSConcreteMallocBlock;

    8. if (result->flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) {

    9. //printf("calling block copy helper %p(%p, %p)...\n", aBlock->descriptor->copy, result, aBlock);

    10. (*aBlock->descriptor->copy)(result, aBlock); // do fixup

    11. }

    12. return result;

    }

  3. 执行上面对栈上的block进行copy，在堆上生成新的内存块，flag为BLOCK_NEEDS_FREE和~(BLOCK_REFCOUNT_MASK)记得这个后面会用。isa声明为堆的block。然后执行(*aBlock->descriptor->copy)(result, aBlock)即上面的__Person2__init_block_copy_0函数
  4. 执行 
    static void __Person2__init_block_copy_0(struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0dst, struct __Person2__init_block_impl_0src)

{
_Block_object_assign((void)&dst->weakSelf, (void)src->weakSelf, 8/BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF/);
}

  1. 查看runtime.h执行 
    void _Block_object_assign(void destAddr, const void object, const int flags)

{ 

 

  1. else if ((flags & BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF) == BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF)

  2. {

  3. // copying a __block reference from the stack Block to the heap

  4. // flags will indicate if it holds a __weak reference and needs a special isa

  5. _Block_byref_assign_copy(destAddr, object, flags);

  6. }

}

  1. 执行 
    static void _Block_byref_assign_copy(void dest, const void arg, const int flags)

{ 

 

  1. struct Block_byref **destp = (struct Block_byref **)dest;

  2. struct Block_byref *src = (struct Block_byref *)arg;

  3.  

  4. else if ((src->forwarding->flags & BLOCK_REFCOUNT_MASK) == 0)

  5. {

  6. //printf("making copy\n");

  7. // src points to stack

  8. bool isWeak = ((flags & (BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF|BLOCK_FIELD_IS_WEAK)) == (BLOCK_FIELD_IS_BYREF|BLOCK_FIELD_IS_WEAK));

  9. // if its weak ask for an object (only matters under GC)

  10. struct Block_byref *copy = (struct Block_byref *)_Block_allocator(src->size, false, isWeak);

  11. copy->flags = src->flags | _Byref_flag_initial_value; // non-GC one for caller, one for stack

  12. copy->forwarding = copy; // patch heap copy to point to itself (skip write-barrier)

  13. src->forwarding = copy; // patch stack to point to heap copy

  14. copy->size = src->size;

  15. if (isWeak) {

  16. copy->isa = &_NSConcreteWeakBlockVariable; // mark isa field so it gets weak scanning

  17. }

  18. if (src->flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) {

  19. // Trust copy helper to copy everything of interest

  20. // If more than one field shows up in a byref block this is wrong XXX

  21. copy->byref_keep = src->byref_keep;

  22. copy->byref_destroy = src->byref_destroy;

  23. (*src->byref_keep)(copy, src);

  24. }

  25. }</code></pre>

  26. 其中最后(*src->byref_keep)(copy, src);即为：__Block_byref_id_object_copy_131，static void __Block_byref_id_object_copy_131(void *dst, void *src) {

// 4个指针加上2个int 48+24=40即__Block_byref_weakSelf_0中的person对象 131即为BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT|BLOCK_BYREF_CALLE
_Block_object_assign((char)dst + 40, (void ) ((char*)src + 40), 131);}

  1. 查看runTime.h

    void _Block_object_assign(void destAddr, const void object, const int flags) {
//printf("_Block_object_assign(*%p, %p, %x)n", destAddr, object, flags);
if ((flags & BLOCK_BYREF_CALLER) == BLOCK_BYREF_CALLER) {
     
     
     

    1. if ((flags & BLOCK_FIELD_IS_WEAK) == BLOCK_FIELD_IS_WEAK) {

    2. _Block_assign_weak(object, destAddr);

    3. }

    4. else {

    5. // do *not* retain or *copy* __block variables whatever they are

    6. _Block_assign((void *)object, destAddr);

    7. }

    }
    }

    中执行_Block_assign即只把最初栈中person的指针赋值到堆中。不会对person进行retain。也所以不会造成循环引用。

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