Ubuntu server（18.04.5）的安装优化与常用网络配置
一、Ubuntu server的安装
1、软件环境
1.1Vmware软件
网上已经出现VMware Workstation v16.0.0 中文破解版了，准备把系统备份后再安装，以免机器码变化。
1.2Ubuntu镜像
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/
关于站点镜像
-
Server install image
- The server install image allows you to install Ubuntu permanently on a computer for use as a server. It will not install a graphical user interface.
-
Preinstalled server image
- The preinstalled-server image allows you to unpack a preinstalled version of Ubuntu onto a target device.
-
带live，ISO镜像提供不安装就可以试用系统的功能；不带live，不可用试用，但是可以直接进行系统安装。
综合以上因素，选用当前最新的ubuntu-18.04.5-server-amd64镜像。
2、Ubuntu Server安装
按文档安装
3、Ubuntu server的优化
3.1更改主机名
# hostname
dl-homework
# hostnamectl set-hostname dl-homework.linux.com
# hostname
dl-homework.linux.com3.2 更改网卡名为eth*
# vim /etc/default/grub
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=2
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0" 更改GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"，重启系统#reboot，配置生效。如果安装时已经更改这两个参数，则无需调整。
3.3允许root通过ssh远程登录
# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin yes #将参数设置成yes
# passwd #重置root密码，可与原密码相同
# systemctl restart sshd #重启sshd服务 root可以远程登录系统。
3.4Ubuntu软件包管理
可根据下面网站中的提示修改软件源，常用的地址有：
阿里云仓库地址：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/
中科大：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ubuntu.html
清华大学：https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
华为：https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/
下面同时使用阿里云仓库与华为仓库
#vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 18.04.5 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20200810)]/ bionic main restricted
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 18.04.5 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20200810)]/ bionic main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#apt update
二、Ubuntu server的网卡绑定和桥接
1、Vmware网络
以太网适配器 VMware Network Adapter VMnet1:
连接特定的 DNS 后缀 . . . . . . . :
本地链接 IPv6 地址. . . . . . . . : fe80::74fd:efa6:c03e:428c%18
IPv4 地址 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.20.0.1
子网掩码 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0
默认网关. . . . . . . . . . . . . :
以太网适配器 VMware Network Adapter VMnet8:
连接特定的 DNS 后缀 . . . . . . . :
本地链接 IPv6 地址. . . . . . . . : fe80::84cd:283b:4c72:289b%25
IPv4 地址 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 172.20.200.1
子网掩码 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
默认网关. . . . . . . . . . . . . :
2、配置单网卡固定IP地址
# vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: no
addresses: [172.20.200.138/24]
gateway4: 172.20.200.2
nameservers:
addresses: [172.20.200.2]
# netplan apply
# ping www.baidu.com #与外网联通
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.185.32) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=23.1 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=25.2 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=25.9 ms
3、配置双网卡固定IP地址
3.1虚拟机增加网卡
按操作手册向虚拟机添加新网卡。
3.2编辑网络配置文件
实现效果：网卡eth0配置静态IP 172.20.200.138，能够上外网；网卡eth1配置静态IP 10.20.200.138，能够跟物理主机通信。
root@dl-homework:/etc/apt# ifconfig -a #虚拟机增加网卡后，查看网卡情况
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.20.200.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb3:ce0d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:0d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 107210 bytes 94648136 (94.6 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 104089 bytes 10956991 (10.9 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:17 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 180 bytes 15033 (15.0 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 180 bytes 15033 (15.0 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
# vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml #设置静态IP
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: no
addresses: [172.20.200.138/24]
gateway4: 172.20.200.2
nameservers:
addresses: [172.20.200.2]
eth1:
dhcp4: no
addresses: [10.20.200.138/16]
routes:
- to: 172.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1 #10.20.0.1模拟核心交换机跨网段传输功能
- to : 10.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
#netplan apply
root@dl-homework:~# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.20.200.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb3:ce0d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:0d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 84 bytes 31783 (31.7 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 92 bytes 8500 (8.5 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.20.255.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb3:ce17 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:17 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 58 bytes 7912 (7.9 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 79 bytes 15876 (15.8 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 170 bytes 13562 (13.5 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 170 bytes 13562 (13.5 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
root@dl-homework:~# ping www.baidu.com #外网联通
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.185.32) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=23.3 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=23.2 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=25.7 ms
root@dl-homework:~# ping 10.20.0.1 #与主机网关联通
PING 10.20.0.1 (10.20.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.464 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.851 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.460 ms4、单网卡桥接
# vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
eth1:
dhcp4: no
addresses: [10.20.200.138/16]
routes:
- to: 172.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
- to : 10.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
bridges:
br0:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
addresses: [172.20.200.138/24]
gateway4: 172.20.200.2
nameservers:
addresses: [172.20.200.2]
interfaces:
- eth0
#netplan apply
root@dl-homework:/etc/netplan# ifconfig
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.20.200.255
inet6 fe80::7409:97ff:fe03:8c80 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 76:09:97:03:8c:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 6 bytes 611 (611.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 21 bytes 1682 (1.6 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:0d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 298 bytes 85771 (85.7 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 256 bytes 21817 (21.8 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.20.255.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb3:ce17 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:17 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1734 bytes 133513 (133.5 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 2780 bytes 331311 (331.3 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 262 bytes 21697 (21.6 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 262 bytes 21697 (21.6 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
root@dl-homework:/etc/netplan# ping www.baidu.com #与外网联通
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.185.32) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=24.8 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=24.0 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=24.3 ms
root@dl-homework:/etc/netplan# ping 10.20.0.1 #与主机网络联通
PING 10.20.0.1 (10.20.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.127 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.187 ms
5、双网卡桥接
# vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
eth1:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
bridges:
br0:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
addresses: [172.20.200.138/24]
gateway4: 172.20.200.2
nameservers:
addresses: [172.20.200.2]
interfaces:
- eth0
br1:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
addresses: [10.20.200.138/16]
routes:
- to: 172.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
- to : 10.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
interfaces:
- eth1
#netplan apply
# ifconfig
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.20.200.255
inet6 fe80::7409:97ff:fe03:8c80 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 76:09:97:03:8c:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 112 bytes 14859 (14.8 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 98 bytes 7912 (7.9 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
br1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.20.255.255
inet6 fe80::a01a:d0ff:fe77:146b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether a2:1a:d0:77:14:6b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 23 bytes 1532 (1.5 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 34 bytes 4208 (4.2 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:0d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 404 bytes 101503 (101.5 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 332 bytes 28029 (28.0 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:17 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 10638 bytes 732110 (732.1 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 18069 bytes 2119553 (2.1 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 274 bytes 22773 (22.7 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 274 bytes 22773 (22.7 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.185.32) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=22.4 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.185.32 (61.135.185.32): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=23.2 ms
# ping 10.20.0.1
PING 10.20.0.1 (10.20.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.469 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.557 ms
6、双网卡bond
6.1虚拟机增加网卡
按操作手册向虚拟机添加新网卡，注意此时NAT网络的两个网卡，需要指定为VMnet8。
# ifconfig -a
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.20.200.255
inet6 fe80::7409:97ff:fe03:8c80 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 76:09:97:03:8c:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 309 bytes 41292 (41.2 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 173 bytes 13802 (13.8 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
br1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.20.255.255
inet6 fe80::a01a:d0ff:fe77:146b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether a2:1a:d0:77:14:6b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 24439 bytes 1277518 (1.2 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 43309 bytes 5192674 (5.1 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:0d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 601 bytes 130694 (130.6 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 407 bytes 34045 (34.0 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:17 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 35054 bytes 2349920 (2.3 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 61344 bytes 7309669 (7.3 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth2: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:21 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 282 bytes 23445 (23.4 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 282 bytes 23445 (23.4 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
6.2编辑配置文件
# vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
eth1:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
eth2:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
bonds:
bond0:
interfaces:
- eth0
- eth2
addresses: [172.20.200.138/24]
gateway4: 172.20.200.2
nameservers:
addresses: [172.20.200.2]
parameters:
mode: active-backup
mii-monitor-interval: 100
bridges:
br1:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
addresses: [10.20.200.138/16]
routes:
- to: 172.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
- to : 10.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
interfaces:
- eth1
#netplan apply
# ifconfig
bond0: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.20.200.255
inet6 fe80::2ca4:ceff:fea6:2ca5 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 2e:a4:ce:a6:2c:a5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 146 bytes 98130 (98.1 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 122 bytes 10575 (10.5 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
br1: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.20.255.255
inet6 fe80::a01a:d0ff:fe77:146b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether a2:1a:d0:77:14:6b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 712 bytes 56148 (56.1 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1101 bytes 135906 (135.9 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 2e:a4:ce:a6:2c:a5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 3 bytes 180 (180.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether a2:1a:d0:77:14:6b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 712 bytes 56148 (56.1 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1101 bytes 135906 (135.9 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth2: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 2e:a4:ce:a6:2c:a5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 143 bytes 97950 (97.9 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 122 bytes 10575 (10.5 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 20 bytes 1856 (1.8 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 20 bytes 1856 (1.8 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=24.2 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=22.9 ms
# ping 10.20.0.1
PING 10.20.0.1 (10.20.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.435 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.601 ms
7、双网卡bond+网桥
# vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
eth1:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
eth2:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
bonds:
bond0:
interfaces:
- eth0
- eth2
parameters:
mode: active-backup
mii-monitor-interval: 100
bridges:
br0:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
addresses: [172.20.200.138/24]
gateway4: 172.20.200.2
nameservers:
addresses: [172.20.200.2]
interfaces:
- bond0
br1:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
addresses: [10.20.200.138/16]
routes:
- to: 172.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
- to : 10.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
interfaces:
- eth1
#reboot8、多网卡绑定+桥接
8.1为虚拟机增加网卡
按操作手册添加新网卡，这里再增加一块与VMnet1网络联通的网卡。
# ifconfig -a
bond0: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 2e:a4:ce:a6:2c:a5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 121 bytes 42316 (42.3 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 113 bytes 10230 (10.2 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.20.200.255
inet6 fe80::7409:97ff:fe03:8c80 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 76:09:97:03:8c:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 110 bytes 40164 (40.1 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 113 bytes 10008 (10.0 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
br1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.20.255.255
inet6 fe80::a01a:d0ff:fe77:146b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether a2:1a:d0:77:14:6b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 2019 bytes 120662 (120.6 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 3354 bytes 414260 (414.2 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 2e:a4:ce:a6:2c:a5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 3 bytes 180 (180.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:17 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 2019 bytes 148928 (148.9 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 3354 bytes 414530 (414.5 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth2: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 2e:a4:ce:a6:2c:a5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 118 bytes 42136 (42.1 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 113 bytes 10230 (10.2 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth3: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:b3:ce:2b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 180 bytes 14498 (14.4 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 180 bytes 14498 (14.4 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
8.2编辑配置文件
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
eth1:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
eth2:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
eth3:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
bonds:
bond0:
interfaces:
- eth0
- eth2
parameters:
mode: active-backup
mii-monitor-interval: 100
bond1:
interfaces:
- eth1
- eth3
parameters:
mode: active-backup
mii-monitor-interval: 100
bridges:
br0:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
addresses: [172.20.200.138/24]
gateway4: 172.20.200.2
nameservers:
addresses: [172.20.200.2]
interfaces:
- bond0
br1:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
addresses: [10.20.200.138/16]
routes:
- to: 172.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
- to : 10.20.0.0/16
via: 10.20.0.1
interfaces:
- bond1
-
#netplan apply
# ifconfig
bond0: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 2e:a4:ce:a6:2c:a5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 121 bytes 75192 (75.1 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 104 bytes 9194 (9.1 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
bond1: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 1a:f5:c4:b0:b2:34 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 325 bytes 30554 (30.5 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 481 bytes 71114 (71.1 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.20.200.255
inet6 fe80::7409:97ff:fe03:8c80 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 76:09:97:03:8c:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 101 bytes 72686 (72.6 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 105 bytes 9080 (9.0 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
br1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.20.200.138 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.20.255.255
inet6 fe80::a01a:d0ff:fe77:146b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether a2:1a:d0:77:14:6b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 324 bytes 25958 (25.9 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 481 bytes 70934 (70.9 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 2e:a4:ce:a6:2c:a5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 2 bytes 120 (120.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 1a:f5:c4:b0:b2:34 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1 bytes 60 (60.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth2: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 2e:a4:ce:a6:2c:a5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 119 bytes 75072 (75.0 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 104 bytes 9194 (9.1 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth3: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 1a:f5:c4:b0:b2:34 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 324 bytes 30494 (30.4 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 481 bytes 71114 (71.1 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 30 bytes 2586 (2.5 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 30 bytes 2586 (2.5 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=24.1 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=32.8 ms
# ping 10.20.0.1
PING 10.20.0.1 (10.20.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.593 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.505 ms