1.SpringBoot入门教程之HelloWorld

其他 2018-05-31 05:17:42 阅读次数: 0

SpringBoot入门教程之HelloWorld

传统的的MVC等垂直应用框架随着业务的不断扩展，应用中集成的业务功能和代码量越来越多，如果再加上代码结构混乱，命名个性化，这样最终项目会变得越来越难维护和扩展，导致系统的可靠性降低，运维开发成本提高。同时，如果项目中出现bug,需要整个项目都重新打包部署，显的较为繁琐和耗时。此时，Spring家族的另一位新成员SpringBoot闪亮登场，它凭借其分而治之，独立部署的微服务思想往往成为企业解决MVC,RPC架构臃肿且难维护的解决方案之一。SpringBoot还有一大特点就是开箱即用，配置简单，给开发者带来一种清新的开发体验，废话不多说，下面我们就开始玩一玩吧！

目录

开发工具以及版本

idea+jdk1.8

创建一个maven项目

这里我就不多说了，按照步骤来吧！！！
步骤1：
这里写图片描述
步骤2：
这里写图片描述
步骤3：
这里写图片描述
步骤4：
这里写图片描述
步骤5：
这里写图片描述

自此，一个maven项目创建完毕

配置pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>spring-boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot01</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <!--父依赖-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.13.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <!--指定编码格式和JDK的版本，不指定默认是JDK1.6-->
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 添加spring-boot-starter-web依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 添加spring-boot-maven-plugin插件
            作用:该插件支持多种功能，常用的有两种，第一种是打包项目为可执行的jar包,另外
                一个命令就是mvn spring-boot:run，可以直接使用tomcat（默认）启动项目。
            -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

创建MyApplication启动类

说明:
1.不要直接在java目录下直接创建类，要新建一个package
2.类名可以随便取，但是要遵循命名规范

package com.controller;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2018/5/20 0020.
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
    }
}

说明：@SpringBootApplication相当于添加@Configuration,@EnableAutoConfiguration,@ComponentScan三个注解

创建控制器TestController类

说明：
1.这个TestController类要和MyApplication类同级或者在其同级的子目录下，否者在访问接口时会出现404
2.如果不想让TestController在MyApplication类同级或者在其同级的子目录下则需要另行指定

package com.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2018/5/20 0020.
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public @ResponseBody String HelloWorld(){
        return "Hello World!";
    }

}

说明：
1.@RestController相当于添加@Controller和@ResponseBody两个注解
2.@RequestMapping(“xxx”)此注解起到路由的作用

修改Tomcat容器的启动端口

在resources目录下创建application.properties文件，并添加端口配置server.port=9999，这个端口可以根据你的需要写
说明:
1.通常resources目录作为SpringBoot的默认的配置目录，如果不是这个目录则需要指定
2.通常SpringBoot使用的是内置的Tomcat容器,默认的端口是8080，也可以直接使用默认的配置

启动测试

1.启动项目：在MyApplication.java类中运行mian方法
这里写图片描述
2.检查日志

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\bin\java" -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2017.1.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=51729:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2017.1.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\rt.jar;E:\workspace\SpringBoot01\target\classes;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-web\1.5.13.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-web-1.5.13.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\1.5.13.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-1.5.13.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\1.5.13.RELEASE\spring-boot-1.5.13.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\1.5.13.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.13.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\1.5.13.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-1.5.13.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.1.11\logback-classic-1.1.11.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.1.11\logback-core-1.1.11.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\slf4j\jcl-over-slf4j\1.7.25\jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.25\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\slf4j\log4j-over-slf4j\1.7.25\log4j-over-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.17\snakeyaml-1.17.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-tomcat\1.5.13.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-tomcat-1.5.13.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-core\8.5.31\tomcat-embed-core-8.5.31.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\tomcat\tomcat-annotations-api\8.5.31\tomcat-annotations-api-8.5.31.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-el\8.5.31\tomcat-embed-el-8.5.31.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-websocket\8.5.31\tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.31.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\hibernate\hibernate-validator\5.3.6.Final\hibernate-validator-5.3.6.Final.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\javax\validation\validation-api\1.1.0.Final\validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\jboss\logging\jboss-logging\3.3.2.Final\jboss-logging-3.3.2.Final.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\com\fasterxml\classmate\1.3.4\classmate-1.3.4.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-databind\2.8.11.1\jackson-databind-2.8.11.1.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-annotations\2.8.0\jackson-annotations-2.8.0.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-core\2.8.11\jackson-core-2.8.11.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.17.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.17.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\4.3.17.RELEASE\spring-aop-4.3.17.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\4.3.17.RELEASE\spring-beans-4.3.17.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\4.3.17.RELEASE\spring-context-4.3.17.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-webmvc\4.3.17.RELEASE\spring-webmvc-4.3.17.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\4.3.17.RELEASE\spring-expression-4.3.17.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.25\slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\4.3.17.RELEASE\spring-core-4.3.17.RELEASE.jar" com.controller.MyApplication

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::       (v1.5.13.RELEASE)

2018-05-20 10:47:12.660  INFO 4232 --- [           main] com.controller.MyApplication             : Starting MyApplication on PC-20180507AMKP with PID 4232 (E:\workspace\SpringBoot01\target\classes started by Administrator in E:\workspace\SpringBoot01)
2018-05-20 10:47:12.660  INFO 4232 --- [           main] com.controller.MyApplication             : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-20 10:47:12.691  INFO 4232 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@7403c468: startup date [Sun May 20 10:47:12 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-05-20 10:47:13.568  INFO 4232 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 9999 (http)
2018-05-20 10:47:13.584  INFO 4232 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2018-05-20 10:47:13.584  INFO 4232 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.31
2018-05-20 10:47:13.646  INFO 4232 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2018-05-20 10:47:13.646  INFO 4232 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 955 ms
2018-05-20 10:47:13.709  INFO 4232 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2018-05-20 10:47:13.709  INFO 4232 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2018-05-20 10:47:13.709  INFO 4232 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2018-05-20 10:47:13.709  INFO 4232 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2018-05-20 10:47:13.709  INFO 4232 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2018-05-20 10:47:13.874  INFO 4232 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@7403c468: startup date [Sun May 20 10:47:12 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-05-20 10:47:13.905  INFO 4232 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/hello/hello]}" onto public java.lang.String com.controller.TestController.HelloWorld()
2018-05-20 10:47:13.905  INFO 4232 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-05-20 10:47:13.905  INFO 4232 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2018-05-20 10:47:13.921  INFO 4232 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-05-20 10:47:13.921  INFO 4232 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-05-20 10:47:13.952  INFO 4232 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-05-20 10:47:14.015  INFO 4232 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-05-20 10:47:14.046  INFO 4232 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 9999 (http)
2018-05-20 10:47:14.046  INFO 4232 --- [           main] com.controller.MyApplication             : Started MyApplication in 1.558 seconds (JVM running for 1.847)

说明:控制台中的日志会记录一些配置，如果有问题可以看分析一下日志
(1).v1.5.13.RELEASE》》》 体现的是SpringBoot的版本
(2).Mapped “{[/hello/hello]}” onto public java.lang.String com.controller.TestController.HelloWorld()》》》体现的是接口的映射关系
(3).Tomcat started on port(s): 9999 (http)》》》体现的是内置Tomcat的启动端口
3.通过浏览器访问接口
http://localhost:9999/hello/hello
这里写图片描述

以上是一个创建一个SpringBoot最基础的Demo，因作者水平有限，难免会有疏忽和错误，读者可以参考一些SpringBoot官方文档，如下：

SpingBoot官方指南
SpringBoot官网

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