MySQL必知必会--读书笔记

########################################
# MySQL Crash Course
# http://www.forta.com/books/0672327120/
# Example table creation scripts
########################################


########################
# Create customers table
########################
CREATE TABLE customers
(
  cust_id      int       NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  cust_name    char(50)  NOT NULL ,
  cust_address char(50)  NULL ,
  cust_city    char(50)  NULL ,
  cust_state   char(5)   NULL ,
  cust_zip     char(10)  NULL ,
  cust_country char(50)  NULL ,
  cust_contact char(50)  NULL ,
  cust_email   char(255) NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (cust_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

#########################
# Create orderitems table
#########################
CREATE TABLE orderitems
(
  order_num  int          NOT NULL ,
  order_item int          NOT NULL ,
  prod_id    char(10)     NOT NULL ,
  quantity   int          NOT NULL ,
  item_price decimal(8,2) NOT NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (order_num, order_item)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;


#####################
# Create orders table
#####################
CREATE TABLE orders
(
  order_num  int      NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  order_date datetime NOT NULL ,
  cust_id    int      NOT NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (order_num)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

#######################
# Create products table
#######################
CREATE TABLE products
(
  prod_id    char(10)      NOT NULL,
  vend_id    int           NOT NULL ,
  prod_name  char(255)     NOT NULL ,
  prod_price decimal(8,2)  NOT NULL ,
  prod_desc  text          NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY(prod_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

######################
# Create vendors table
######################
CREATE TABLE vendors
(
  vend_id      int      NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  vend_name    char(50) NOT NULL ,
  vend_address char(50) NULL ,
  vend_city    char(50) NULL ,
  vend_state   char(5)  NULL ,
  vend_zip     char(10) NULL ,
  vend_country char(50) NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (vend_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

###########################
# Create productnotes table
###########################
CREATE TABLE productnotes
(
  note_id    int           NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  prod_id    char(10)      NOT NULL,
  note_date datetime       NOT NULL,
  note_text  text          NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY(note_id),
  FULLTEXT(note_text)
) ENGINE=MyISAM;


#####################
# Define foreign keys
#####################
ALTER TABLE orderitems ADD CONSTRAINT fk_orderitems_orders FOREIGN KEY (order_num) REFERENCES orders (order_num);
ALTER TABLE orderitems ADD CONSTRAINT fk_orderitems_products FOREIGN KEY (prod_id) REFERENCES products (prod_id);
ALTER TABLE orders ADD CONSTRAINT fk_orders_customers FOREIGN KEY (cust_id) REFERENCES customers (cust_id);
ALTER TABLE products ADD CONSTRAINT fk_products_vendors FOREIGN KEY (vend_id) REFERENCES vendors (vend_id);

########################################
# MySQL Crash Course
# http://www.forta.com/books/0672327120/
# Example table population scripts
########################################


##########################
# Populate customers table
##########################
INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES(10001, 'Coyote Inc.', '200 Maple Lane', 'Detroit', 'MI', '44444', 'USA', 'Y Lee', '[email protected]');
INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)
VALUES(10002, 'Mouse House', '333 Fromage Lane', 'Columbus', 'OH', '43333', 'USA', 'Jerry Mouse');
INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES(10003, 'Wascals', '1 Sunny Place', 'Muncie', 'IN', '42222', 'USA', 'Jim Jones', '[email protected]');
INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES(10004, 'Yosemite Place', '829 Riverside Drive', 'Phoenix', 'AZ', '88888', 'USA', 'Y Sam', '[email protected]');
INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)
VALUES(10005, 'E Fudd', '4545 53rd Street', 'Chicago', 'IL', '54545', 'USA', 'E Fudd');


########################
# Populate vendors table
########################
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1001,'Anvils R Us','123 Main Street','Southfield','MI','48075', 'USA');
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1002,'LT Supplies','500 Park Street','Anytown','OH','44333', 'USA');
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1003,'ACME','555 High Street','Los Angeles','CA','90046', 'USA');
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1004,'Furball Inc.','1000 5th Avenue','New York','NY','11111', 'USA');
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1005,'Jet Set','42 Galaxy Road','London', NULL,'N16 6PS', 'England');
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1006,'Jouets Et Ours','1 Rue Amusement','Paris', NULL,'45678', 'France');


#########################
# Populate products table
#########################
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('ANV01', 1001, '.5 ton anvil', 5.99, '.5 ton anvil, black, complete with handy hook');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('ANV02', 1001, '1 ton anvil', 9.99, '1 ton anvil, black, complete with handy hook and carrying case');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('ANV03', 1001, '2 ton anvil', 14.99, '2 ton anvil, black, complete with handy hook and carrying case');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('OL1', 1002, 'Oil can', 8.99, 'Oil can, red');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('FU1', 1002, 'Fuses', 3.42, '1 dozen, extra long');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('SLING', 1003, 'Sling', 4.49, 'Sling, one size fits all');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('TNT1', 1003, 'TNT (1 stick)', 2.50, 'TNT, red, single stick');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('TNT2', 1003, 'TNT (5 sticks)', 10, 'TNT, red, pack of 10 sticks');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('FB', 1003, 'Bird seed', 10, 'Large bag (suitable for road runners)');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('FC', 1003, 'Carrots', 2.50, 'Carrots (rabbit hunting season only)');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('SAFE', 1003, 'Safe', 50, 'Safe with combination lock');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('DTNTR', 1003, 'Detonator', 13, 'Detonator (plunger powered), fuses not included');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('JP1000', 1005, 'JetPack 1000', 35, 'JetPack 1000, intended for single use');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('JP2000', 1005, 'JetPack 2000', 55, 'JetPack 2000, multi-use');



#######################
# Populate orders table
#######################
INSERT INTO orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20005, '2005-09-01', 10001);
INSERT INTO orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20006, '2005-09-12', 10003);
INSERT INTO orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20007, '2005-09-30', 10004);
INSERT INTO orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20008, '2005-10-03', 10005);
INSERT INTO orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20009, '2005-10-08', 10001);


###########################
# Populate orderitems table
###########################
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20005, 1, 'ANV01', 10, 5.99);
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20005, 2, 'ANV02', 3, 9.99);
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20005, 3, 'TNT2', 5, 10);
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20005, 4, 'FB', 1, 10);
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20006, 1, 'JP2000', 1, 55);
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 1, 'TNT2', 100, 10);
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 1, 'FC', 50, 2.50);
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 1, 'FB', 1, 10);
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 2, 'OL1', 1, 8.99);
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 3, 'SLING', 1, 4.49);
INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 4, 'ANV03', 1, 14.99);

#############################
# Populate productnotes table
#############################
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(101, 'TNT2', '2005-08-17',
'Customer complaint:
Sticks not individually wrapped, too easy to mistakenly detonate all at once.
Recommend individual wrapping.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(102, 'OL1', '2005-08-18',
'Can shipped full, refills not available.
Need to order new can if refill needed.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(103, 'SAFE', '2005-08-18',
'Safe is combination locked, combination not provided with safe.
This is rarely a problem as safes are typically blown up or dropped by customers.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(104, 'FC', '2005-08-19',
'Quantity varies, sold by the sack load.
All guaranteed to be bright and orange, and suitable for use as rabbit bait.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(105, 'TNT2', '2005-08-20',
'Included fuses are short and have been known to detonate too quickly for some customers.
Longer fuses are available (item FU1) and should be recommended.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(106, 'TNT2', '2005-08-22',
'Matches not included, recommend purchase of matches or detonator (item DTNTR).'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(107, 'SAFE', '2005-08-23',
'Please note that no returns will be accepted if safe opened using explosives.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(108, 'ANV01', '2005-08-25',
'Multiple customer returns, anvils failing to drop fast enough or falling backwards on purchaser. Recommend that customer considers using heavier anvils.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(109, 'ANV03', '2005-09-01',
'Item is extremely heavy. Designed for dropping, not recommended for use with slings, ropes, pulleys, or tightropes.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(110, 'FC', '2005-09-01',
'Customer complaint: rabbit has been able to detect trap, food apparently less effective now.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(111, 'SLING', '2005-09-02',
'Shipped unassembled, requires common tools (including oversized hammer).'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(112, 'SAFE', '2005-09-02',
'Customer complaint:
Circular hole in safe floor can apparently be easily cut with handsaw.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(113, 'ANV01', '2005-09-05',
'Customer complaint:
Not heavy enough to generate flying stars around head of victim. If being purchased for dropping, recommend ANV02 or ANV03 instead.'
);
INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)
VALUES(114, 'SAFE', '2005-09-07',
'Call from individual trapped in safe plummeting to the ground, suggests an escape hatch be added.
Comment forwarded to vendor.'
);

第四章 检索数据

1. SELETE语句

• 用途是从一个表或多个表中检索信息

2. 检索单个列

SELECT prod_name FROM products;		#prod_name:列名		products:要检索数据的表名

3.检索多个列

SELECT prod_id, prod_name, prod_price FROM products;

4. 检索所有列

SELECT * FROM products;		#'*'是通配符，返回表中所有列

5. 检索所有行

SELECT vend_id FROM products;
SELECT DISTINCT vend_id FROM products;		#DISTINCT关键字指示MySQL只返回不同的值

DISTINCT关键字应用于所有列而不仅是前置它的列

6. 限制结果

SELECT prod_name FROM products LIMIT 5;		#返回前五行
SELECT prod_name FROM products LIMIT 5, 5;	#返回从第五行开始的五行

第五章 排序检索数据

1. 使用ORDER BY子句

SELECT prod_name FROM proudcts ORDER BY prod_name;		#对prod_name列以字母顺序排序
SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name FROM products ORDER BY prod_price, prod_name;		#对多个列排序，先排price，再排name

2. 指定排序方向

SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name FROM products ORDER BY prod_price DESC;		#降序，ASC表示升序

如果想在多个列上进行降序排列，必须对每个列指定DESC关键字

第六章 过滤数据

1. 使用WHERE子句指定搜索条件

SELECT prod_name, prod_price FROM products WHERE prod_price = 2.50;

在同时使用ORDER BY和WHERE子句时，应该让ORDER BY位于WHERE之后，否则将会产生错误

2. WHERE子句操作符

操作符	说明
=	等于
<>	不等于
!=	不等于
<	小于
<=	小于等于
>	大于
>=	大于等于
BETWEEN	在指定的两个值之间

SELECT prod_name, prod_price FROM products WHERE prod_name = 'fuses';
SELECT vend_id, prod_name FROM products WHERE vend_id <> 1003;
SELECT prod_name, prod_price FROM products WHERE prod_price BETWEEN 5 AND 10;

如果将值与串类型的列进行比较，则需要限定引号。用来与数值列进行比较的值不用引号。

3. 空值检查

SELECT prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_price IS NULL;

第七章 数据过滤

1. 组合WHERE子句

SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name FROM products WHERE vend_id = 1003 AND prod_price <= 10;
SELECT prod_name, prod_price FROM products WHERE vend_id = 1002 OR vend_id =1003;
SELECT prod_name, prod_price FROM products WHERE (vend_id = 1002 OR vend_id =1003) AND prod_price >= 10;

2. IN操作符

SELECT prod_name, prod_price FROM products WHERE vend_id IN (1002, 1003) ORDER BY prod_name;

3. NOT操作符

• WHERE子句中的NOT操作符有且只有一个功能，那就是否定它之后所跟的任何条件。

SELECT prod_name, prod_price FROM products WHERE vend_id NOT IN (1002, 1003) ORDER BY prod_name;

第八章 用通配符进行过滤

1. LIKE操作符

• 百分号（%）通配符

SELECT prod_id, prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name LIKE 'jet%';
SELECT prod_id, prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name LIKE '%anvil%';
SELECT prod_id, prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name LIKE 's%e';

• 下划线（_）通配符

SELECT prod_id, prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name LIKE '_ ton anvil';
SELECT prod_id, prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name LIKE '% ton anvil';

第九章 用正则表达式进行搜索

1. 基本字符匹配

SELECT prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name REGEXP '1000' ORDER BY prod_name;	#检索列prod_name包含文本1000的所有行
SELECT prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name REGEXP '.000' ORDER BY prod_name;

’ . '是正则表达式语言中一个特殊的字符。它表示匹配任意一个字符

2. 进行OR匹配

• 搜索两个串之一

SELECT prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name REGEXP '1000|2000' ORDER BY prod_name;

3. 匹配几个字符之一

SELECT prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name REGEXP '[123] Ton' ORDER BY prod_name;

[ ]是另一种形式的OR语句，[123]意思是匹配1或2或3

4. 匹配范围

SELECT prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name REGEXP '[1-5] Ton' ORDER BY prod_name;	#表示匹配范围是1到5

5. 匹配特殊字符

• 使用转义符\\

SELECT vend_name FROM vendors WHERE vend_name REGEXP '\\.' ORDER BY vend_name;

6. 匹配字符类

7. 匹配多个实例

SELECT prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name REGEXP '\\([0-9] sticks?\\)' ORDER BY prod_name;
#	\\(匹配), [0-9]匹配任意数字（这个例子中为1和5）,sticks？匹配stick和sticks（s后的？使s可选，因为？匹配它前面的任何字符的0次或1次出现）, \\)匹配)。没有？，匹配stick和sticks会非常困难。

8. 定位符

SELECT prod_name FROM products WHERE prod_name REGEXP '^[0-9\\.]' ORDER BY prod_name;
#	^[0-9\\.]只在．或任意数字为串中第一个字符时才匹配它们。没有^，则还要多检索出4个别的行（那些中间有数字的行）。

第十章 创建计算字段

1. 拼接字段

• 将值联结到一起构成单个值

SELECT Concat(vend_name, '(', vend_country, ')') FROM vendors ORDER BY vend_name;
SELECT Concat(vend_name, '(', PTrim(vend_country), ')') FROM vendors ORDER BY vend_name;	#RTrim()函数可以删除数据右侧多余的空格
SELECT Concat(vend_name, '(', vend_country, ')') AS vend_title FROM vendors ORDER BY vend_name;		#起别名

2. 执行算术计算

SELECT prod_id, quantity, item_price, quantity*item_price AS expanded_price FROM orderitems WHERE order_num = 20005;

第十一章 使用数据处理函数

1. 文本处理函数

SELECT vend_name, Upper(vend_name) AS vend_name_upcase FROM vendors ORDER BY vend_name;

2. 日期和时间处理函数

日期格式必须是：yyyy-mm-dd

SELECT cust_id, order_num FROM orders WHERE Date(order_date) BETWEEN '2005-09-01' AND '2005-09-30';
SELECT cust_id, order_num FROM orders WHERE Year(order_date) = 2005 AND Month(order_date) = 9;

3. 数值处理函数

第十二章 汇总数据

1. 聚集函数

SELECT AVG(prod_price) AS avg_price FROM products;
SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_cust FROM customers;

2. 聚集不同值

• 使用DISTINCT

SELECT AVG(DISTINCT prod_price) AS avg_price FROM products WHERE vend_id = 1003;

3. 组合聚集函数

SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_items,
	MIN(prod_pirce) AS price_min, 
	MAX(prod_pirce) AS price_max, 
	AVG(prod_price) AS price_avg 
FROM products;

第十三章 分组数据

1. 创建分组

SELECT vend_id, COUNT(*) AS num_prods FROM products GROUP BY vend_id;

1.如果分组列中具有NULL值，则NULL将作为一个分组返回。如果列中有多行NULL值，它们将分为一组。
2.GROUP BY子句必须出现在WHERE子句之后，ORDER BY子句之前。

2. 过滤分组

SELECT cust_id, COUNT(*) AS orders FROM orders GROUP BY cust_id HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2;

1.WHERE过滤行，HAVING过滤分组
2.WHERE在数据分组前进行过滤，HAVING在数据分组后进行过滤。

SELECT order_num, SUM(quantity*item_pirce) AS ordertotal
FROM orderitems
GROUP BY order_num
HAVING SUM(quantity*item_price) >= 50
ORDER BY ordertotal;

3. SELECT子句的顺序

第十四章 使用子查询

1. 利用子查询过滤

SELECT cust_id
FROM orders
WHERE order_num in (SELECT order_num
					FROM orderitems
					WHERE prod_id = 'TNT2');

2. 作为计算字段使用子查询

SELECT cust_name,
		cust_state,
		(SELECT COUNT(*)
		 FROM orders
		 WHERE orders.cust_id = customers.cust_id) AS orders
FROM customers
ORDER BY cust_name;

第十五章 联结表

1. 创建联结

• 规定要联结的所有表以及它们如何关联即可

SELECT vend_name, prod_name, prod_price
FROM vendors, products
WHERE vendors.vend_id = products.vend_id		#使用完全限定列名
ORDER BY vend_name, prod_name;

2. 内部联结

• 基于两个表之间的相等测试

SELECT vend_name, prod_name, prod_price
FROM vendors INNER JOIN products
ON vendors.vend_id = products.vend_id;

第十六章 创建高级联结

1. 使用表别名

SELECT cust_name, cust_caontact
FROM customers AS c, orders AS o, orderitems AS oi
WHERE c.cust_id = o.cust_id
	AND oi.order_num = o.order_num
	AND prod_id = 'TNT2';

2. 自联结

• 有时性能比子查询好

SELECT p1.prod_id, p1.prod_name
FROM products AS p1, products AS p2
WHERE p1.vend_id = p2.vend_id
	AND p2.prod_id = 'DTNTR';

3. 自然联结

• 自然联结排除了不同表中相同的列多次出现

SELECT c.*, o.order_num, o.order_date, oi.prod_id, oi.quantity, oi.item_price
FROM customers AS c, orders AS o, orderitems AS oi
WHERE c.cust_id = o.cust_id
	AND oi.order_num = o.order_num
	AND prod_id = 'FB';

4. 外部联结

• 联结包含了那些在相关表中没有关联行的行。

SELECT customers.cust_id, orders.order_num FROM customers LEFT OUTER JOIN orders ON customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id;
SELECT customers.cust_id, orders.order_num FROM customers RIGHT OUTER JOIN orders ON customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id;

在使用OUTER JOIN语法时，必须使用RIGHT或LEFT关键字指定包括其所有行的表（RIGHT指出的是OUTER JOIN右边的表，而LEFT指出的是OUTER JOIN左边的表）。\

第十七章 组合查询

1. 使用UNION

SELECT vend_id, prod_id, prod_price
FROM products
WHERE prod_price <= 5
UNION
SELECT vend_id, prod_id, prod_price
FROM products
WHERE vend_id IN (1001, 1002);

如果想返回所有匹配行，可使用UNION ALL而不是UNION。

2. 对组合查询结果排序

SELECT vend_id, prod_id, prod_price
FROM products
WHERE prod_price <= 5
UNION
SELECT vend_id, prod_id, prod_price
FROM products
WHERE vend_id IN (1001, 1002)
ORDER BY vend_id, prod_price;

第十八章 全文本搜索

1. 启用全文本搜索支持

CREATE TABLE productnotes
(
	note_id		int			NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
	prod_id		char(10)	NOT NULL,
	note_date	datetime	NOT NULL,
	note_text 	text		NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY(note_id),
	FULLTEXT(note_text)
)ENGINE=MyISAM; 

2. 进行全文本搜索

SELECT note_text
FROM porductnotes
WHERE Match(note_text) Against('rabbit');

Match(note_text)指示MySQL针对指定的列进行搜索，Against(‘rabbit’)指定词rabbit作为搜索文本。

3. 使用查询扩展

SELECT note_text
FROM porductnotes
WHERE Match(note_text) Against('anvils' WITH QUERY EXPANSION);

第十九章 插入数据

1. 插入完整的行

INSERT INTO customers(cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact， cust_email)
VALUES('Pep E. LaPew', '100 Main Street', 'Los Angeles', 'CA', '90046', 'USA', NULL, NULL);

2. 插入多行

INSERT INTO customers(cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country)
VALUES('Pep E. LaPew', '100 Main Street', 'Los Angeles', 'CA', '90046', 'USA'),
VALUES('M. Martian', '42 Galaxy Way', 'New York', 'NY', '11213', 'USA');

3.插入检索出来的行

INSERT INTO customers(cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact， cust_email)
SELECT cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact， cust_email 
FROM custnew;

第二十章 更新和删除数据

1. 更新数据

UPDATE customers
SET cust_name = 'The Fudds',
	cust_email = '[email protected]'
WHERE cust id = 10005;

2. 删除数据

DELETE FROM customers WHERE cust_id = 10006;

第二十一章 创建和操纵表

1. 使用NULL值

• 允许NULL值的列也允许在插入行时不给出该列的值。不允许NULL值的列不接受该列没有值的行，换句话说，在插入或更新行时，该列必须有值。

2. 主键

• 主键值必须唯一。即，表中的每个行必须具有唯一的主键值。如果主键使用单个列，则它的值必须唯一。如果使用多个列，则这些列的组合值必须唯一。

3. 使用AUTO_INCREMENT

• 本列每当增加一行时自动增量。每次执行一个INSERT操作时，MySQL自动对该列增量（从而才有这个关键字AUTO_INCREMENT），给该列赋予下一个可用的值。这样给每个行分配一个唯一的cust_id，从而可以用作主键值。

4. 更新表

ALTER TABLE vendors ADD vend_phone CHAR(20);	#给表添加一个列
ALTER TABLE vendors DROP COLUMN vend_phone;		#删除列

5. 删除表

DROP TABLE customers2;

6. 重命名表

RENAME TABLE customers2 TO customers;

第二十二章 使用视图

1. 利用视图简化复杂的联结

CREATE VIEW productcustomers AS					# 创建视图
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, prod_id
FROM customers, orders, orderitems
WHERE customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id
	AND orderitems.order_num = orders.order_num;

SELECT cust_name, cust_contact
FROM productcustomers
WHERE prod_id = 'TNT2';

2. 用视图重新格式化检索出的数据

CREATE VIEW vendorlocations AS
SELECT Contact(TRrim(vend_name), '(', RTrim(vend_country), ')')
	AS vend_title
FROM vendors
ORDER BY vend_name;

3. 用视图过滤不想要的数据

CREATE VIEW customeremaillist AS
SELECT cust_id, cust_name, cust_email
FROM customers
WHERE cust_email IS NOT NULL;

第二十三章 使用存储过程

• 默认的MySQL语句分隔符为;，更改命令行的语句分隔符DELIMITER //；

1. 创建存储过程

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE productpricing()
BEGIN
	SELECT Avg(prod_pirce) AS priceaverage
	FROM products;
END //

DELIMITER ;

CALL productpricing();		# 使用存储过程

2. 删除存储过程

DROP PROCEDURE productpricing;

3. 使用参数

CREATE PROCEDURE productpricing(
	OUT pl DECIMAL(8, 2)
	OUT ph DECIMAL(8, 2)
	OUT pa DECIMAL(8, 2)
)
BEGIN
	SELECT Min(prod_price)
	INTO pl
	FROM products;
	SELECT Max(prod_price)
	INTO ph
	FROM products;
	SELECT Avg(prod_price)
	INTO pa
	FROM products;
END;

CALL productpricing(@pricelow, @pricehigh, @priceaverage);

SELECT @pricelow, @pricehigh, @priceaverage;