PYTHON常用简捷函数解决实际问题

题目 编写一个函数，输入n为偶数时，调用函数求1/2+1/4+…+1/n,当输入n为奇数时，调用函数1/1+1/3+…+1/n

def peven(n):
    i = 0
    s = 0.0
    for i in range(2,n + 1,2):
        s += 1.0 / i
    return s
 
def podd(n):
    s = 0.0
    for i in range(1, n + 1,2):
        s += 1.0 / i
    return s
 
def dcall(fp,n):
    s = fp(n)
    return s
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    n = int(input('input a number: '))
    if n % 2 == 0:
        sum = dcall(peven,n)
    else:
        sum = dcall(podd,n)
    print (sum)

题目 找到年龄最大的人，并输出。请找出程序中有什么问题。是不是很巧妙的解决了问题

if __name__ == '__main__':
    person = {"li":18,"wang":50,"zhang":20,"sun":22}
    m = 'li'
    for key in person.keys():
        if person[m] < person[key]:
            m = key
 
    print ('%s,%d' % (m,person[m]))

创建链表

class Node:

    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.next = None

    def get_data(self):
        return self.data

class List:

    def __init__(self, head):
        self.head = head

    def is_empty(self): 
        return self.get_len() == 0

    def get_len(self):  
        length = 0
        temp = self.head
        while temp is not None:
            length += 1
            temp = temp.next
        return length

    def append(self, node):
        temp = self.head
        while temp.next is not None:
            temp = temp.next
        temp.next = node

    def delete(self, index): 
        if index < 1 or index > self.get_len():
            print("给定位置不合理")
            return
        if index == 1:
            self.head = self.head.next
            return
        temp = self.head
        cur_pos = 0
        while temp is not None:
            cur_pos += 1
            if cur_pos == index-1:
                temp.next = temp.next.next
            temp = temp.next

    def insert(self, pos, node):
        if pos < 1 or pos > self.get_len():
            print("插入结点位置不合理")
            return
        temp = self.head
        cur_pos = 0
        while temp is not Node:
            cur_pos += 1
            if cur_pos == pos-1:
                node.next = temp.next
                temp.next =node
                break
            temp = temp.next

    def reverse(self, head):
        if head is None and head.next is None:
            return head
        pre = head
        cur = head.next
        while cur is not None:
            temp = cur.next
            cur.next = pre
            pre = cur
            cur = temp
        head.next = None
        return pre

    def print_list(self, head):
        init_data = []
        while head is not None:
            init_data.append(head.get_data())
            head = head.next
        return init_data

if __name__=='__main__':
    head=Node('head')
    link=List(head)
    for i in range(10):
        node=Node(i)
        link.append(node)
    print(link.print_list(head))

反向输出链表

class Node:

    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.next = None

    def get_data(self):
        return self.data

class List:

    def __init__(self, head):
        self.head = head

    def is_empty(self): 
        return self.get_len() == 0

    def get_len(self):  
        length = 0
        temp = self.head
        while temp is not None:
            length += 1
            temp = temp.next
        return length

    def append(self, node):
        temp = self.head
        while temp.next is not None:
            temp = temp.next
        temp.next = node

    def delete(self, index): 
        if index < 1 or index > self.get_len():
            print("给定位置不合理")
            return
        if index == 1:
            self.head = self.head.next
            return
        temp = self.head
        cur_pos = 0
        while temp is not None:
            cur_pos += 1
            if cur_pos == index-1:
                temp.next = temp.next.next
            temp = temp.next

    def insert(self, pos, node):
        if pos < 1 or pos > self.get_len():
            print("插入结点位置不合理")
            return
        temp = self.head
        cur_pos = 0
        while temp is not Node:
            cur_pos += 1
            if cur_pos == pos-1:
                node.next = temp.next
                temp.next =node
                break
            temp = temp.next

    def reverse(self, head):
        if head is None and head.next is None:
            return head
        pre = head
        cur = head.next
        while cur is not None:
            temp = cur.next
            cur.next = pre
            pre = cur
            cur = temp
        head.next = None
        return pre

    def print_list(self, head):
        init_data = []
        while head is not None:
            init_data.append(head.get_data())
            head = head.next
        return init_data

if __name__=='__main__':
    head=Node('head')
    link=List(head)
    for i in range(10):
        node=Node(i)
        link.append(node)
    print(link.print_list(head))
    print(link.print_list(link.reverse(head)))

输入和输出

N = 3
#stu
# num : string
# name : string
# score[4]: list
student = []
for i in range(5):
    student.append(['','',[]])
 
def input_stu(stu):
    for i in range(N):
        stu[i][0] = input('input student num:\n')
        stu[i][1] = input('input student name:\n')
        for j in range(3):
            stu[i][2].append(int(input('score:\n')))
 
def output_stu(stu):
    for i in range(N):
        print ('%-6s%-10s' % ( stu[i][0],stu[i][1] ))
        for j in range(3):
            print ('%-8d' % stu[i][2][j])
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    input_stu(student)
    print (student)
    output_stu(student)

题目 有n个人围成一圈，顺序排号。从第一个人开始报数（从1到3报数），凡报到3的人退出圈子，问最后留下的是原来第几号的那位。

if __name__ == '__main__':
    nmax = 50
    n = int(input('请输入总人数:'))
    num = []
    for i in range(n):
        num.append(i + 1)
 
    i = 0
    k = 0
    m = 0
 
    while m < n - 1:
        if num[i] != 0 : k += 1
        if k == 3:
            num[i] = 0
            k = 0
            m += 1
        i += 1
        if i == n : i = 0
 
    i = 0
    while num[i] == 0: i += 1
    print(num[i])

输入数组，最大的与第一个元素交换，最小的与最后一个元素交换，输出数组。

li=[3,2,5,7,8,1,5]

li[-1],li[li.index(min(li))]=li[li.index(min(li))],li[-1]

m=li[0]
ind=li.index(max(li))
li[0]=li[ind]
li[ind]=m

print(li)

输入3个数a,b,c，按大小顺序输出。

raw=[]
for i in range(3):
    x=int(input('int%d: '%(i)))
    raw.append(x)
    
for i in range(len(raw)):
    for j in range(i,len(raw)):
        if raw[i]>raw[j]:
            raw[i],raw[j]=raw[j],raw[i]
print(raw)


raw2=[]
for i in range(3):
    x=int(input('int%d: '%(i)))
    raw2.append(x)
print(sorted(raw2))

题目 一个最优美的图案。

import math
from tkinter import *

class PTS:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 0
        self.y = 0
points = []

def LineToDemo():
    screenx = 400
    screeny = 400
    canvas = Canvas(width = screenx,height = screeny,bg = 'white')

    AspectRatio = 0.85
    MAXPTS = 15
    h = screeny
    w = screenx
    xcenter = w / 2
    ycenter = h / 2
    radius = (h - 30) / (AspectRatio * 2) - 20
    step = 360 / MAXPTS
    angle = 0.0
    for i in range(MAXPTS):
        rads = angle * math.pi / 180.0
        p = PTS()
        p.x = xcenter + int(math.cos(rads) * radius)
        p.y = ycenter - int(math.sin(rads) * radius * AspectRatio)
        angle += step
        points.append(p)
    canvas.create_oval(xcenter - radius,ycenter - radius,
                       xcenter + radius,ycenter + radius)
    for i in range(MAXPTS):
        for j in range(i,MAXPTS):
            canvas.create_line(points[i].x,points[i].y,points[j].x,points[j].y)

    canvas.pack()
    mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    LineToDemo()

作用域、类的方法与变量

class dummy:
    num=1
    def Num(self):
        print('class dummy num:',self.num)
        print('global num: ',num)
        self.num+=1

n=dummy()
num=1
for i in range(5):
    num*=10
    n.Num()

变量作用域

i=0
n=0
def dummy():
    i=0
    print(i)
    i+=1
def dummy2():
    global n
    print(n)
    n+=1
print('函数内部的同名变量')
for j in range(20):
    print(i)
    dummy()
    i+=1
print('global声明同名变量')
for k in range(20):
    print(n)
    dummy2()
    n+=10

求100之内的素数。

lo=int(input('下限：'))
hi=int(input('上限：'))
for i in range(lo,hi+1):
    if i > 1:
        for j in range(2,i):
            if (i % j) == 0:
                break
        else:
            print(i)

题目 有5个人坐在一起，问第五个人多少岁？他说比第4个人大2岁。问第4个人岁数，他说比第3个人大2岁。问第三个人，又说比第2人大两岁。问第2个人，说比第一个人大两岁。最后问第一个人，他说是10岁。请问第五个人多大？

def age(n):
    if n==1:
        return 10
    return 2+age(n-1)
print(age(5))

求1+2!+3!+…+20!的和。

res=1
for i in range(20,1,-1):
    res=i*res+1
print(res)

猴子偷桃

题目 猴子吃桃问题：猴子第一天摘下若干个桃子，当即吃了一半，还不瘾，又多吃了一个第二天早上又将剩下的桃子吃掉一半，又多吃了一个。以后每天早上都吃了前一天剩下的一半零一个。到第10天早上想再吃时，见只剩下一个桃子了。求第一天共摘了多少。

程序分析 按规则反向推断：猴子有一个桃子，他偷来一个桃子，觉得不够又偷来了与手上等量的桃子，一共偷了9天。

peach=1
for i in range(9):
    peach=(peach+1)*2
print(peach)

题目 一球从100米高度自由落下，每次落地后反跳回原高度的一半；再落下，求它在第10次落地时，共经过多少米？第10次反弹多高？

high=200.
total=100
for i in range(10):
    high/=2
    total+=high
    print(high/2)
print('总长：',total)

题目 一个数如果恰好等于它的因子之和，这个数就称为"完数"。例如6=1＋2＋3.编程找出1000以内的所有完数。

def factor(num):
    target=int(num)
    res=set()
    for i in range(1,num):
        if num%i==0:
            res.add(i)
            res.add(num/i)
    return res

for i in range(2,1001):
    if i==sum(factor(i))-i:
        print(i)

题目 将一个整数分解质因数。例如：输入90,打印出90=233*5。

target=int(input('输入一个整数：'))
print(target,'= ',end='')

if target<0:
    target=abs(target)
    print('-1*',end='')

flag=0
if target<=1:
    print(target)
    flag=1


while True:
    if flag:
        break
    for i in range(2,int(target+1)):
        if target%i==0:
            print("%d"%i,end='')
            if target==i:
                flag=1
                break
            print('*',end='')
            target/=i
            break
        

题目 打印出所有的"水仙花数"，所谓"水仙花数"是指一个三位数，其各位数字立方和等于该数本身。例如：153是一个"水仙花数"，因为153=1的三次方＋5的三次方＋3的三次方。

for i in range(100,1000):
    s=str(i)
    one=int(s[-1])
    ten=int(s[-2])
    hun=int(s[-3])
    if i == one**3+ten**3+hun**3:
        print(i)

题目 判断101-200之间有多少个素数，并输出所有素数。

程序分析 判断素数的方法：用一个数分别去除2到sqrt(这个数)，如果能被整除，则表明此数不是素数，反之是素数。 用else可以进一步简化代码.

import math
for i in range(100,200):
    flag=0
    for j in range(2,round(math.sqrt(i))+1):
        if i%j==0:
            flag=1
            break
    if flag:
        continue
    print(i)


print('\nSimplify the code with "else"\n')


for i in range(100,200):
    for j in range(2,round(math.sqrt(i))+1):
        if i%j==0:
            break
    else:
        print(i)

题目 有一对兔子，从出生后第3个月起每个月都生一对兔子，小兔子长到第三个月后每个月又生一对兔子，假如兔子都不死，问每个月的兔子总数为多少？

程序分析 我认为原文的解法有点扯，没有考虑3个月成熟的问题，人家还是婴儿怎么生孩子？考虑到三个月成熟，可以构建四个数据，其中：一月兔每个月长大成为二月兔，二月兔变三月兔，三月兔变成年兔，成年兔（包括新成熟的三月兔）生等量的一月兔。

month=int(input('繁殖几个月？： '))
month_1=1
month_2=0
month_3=0
month_elder=0
for i in range(month):
    month_1,month_2,month_3,month_elder=month_elder+month_3,month_1,month_2,month_elder+month_3
    print('第%d个月共'%(i+1),month_1+month_2+month_3+month_elder,'对兔子')
    print('其中1月兔：',month_1)
    print('其中2月兔：',month_2)
    print('其中3月兔：',month_3)
    print('其中成年兔：',month_elder)