一、准备资料
- 资料
- 环境
操作系统 CentOS7.6
数据库：mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64（二进制文件）
二、准备工作
- 安装mysql依赖扩展
yum -y install ncurses-devel libaio-devel - 创建mysql组及用户
[root@NGINX ~]# groupadd mysql [root@NGINX ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql - 上传mysql文件至家目录
上传文件并解压[root@NGINX ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@NGINX ~]# mv mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql ## [root@NGINX ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data -p [root@NGINX ~]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/ [root@NGINX ~]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ -R
三、安装
- 初始化数据库
[root@NGINX ~]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql - 提示如下说明初始化成功
2020-02-03T17:19:21.885268Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-02-03T17:19:22.145932Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-02-03T17:19:22.205145Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-02-03T17:19:22.266136Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 51b82412-46a9-11ea-a597-000c299d5ffd.
2020-02-03T17:19:22.267329Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-02-03T17:19:23.113327Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-02-03T17:19:23.426412Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: axOIZ8YqgG?;
- 配置环境变量
[root@NGINX ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH'>>/etc/profile
[root@NGINX ~]# source /etc/profile
- 配置服务
[root@NGINX ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@NGINX ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.2020-02-03T17:28:22.352928Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/NGINX.pid).
###添加些日志权限修改pid文件写权限
- 故障处理全过程
[root@NGINX ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.2020-02-03T17:28:22.352928Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/NGINX.pid).
[root@NGINX ~]# mkdir /var/log/mariadb/ -p
[root@NGINX ~]# echo ''>/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log|xargs chown mysql.mysql
chown: missing operand after ‘mysql.mysql’
Try 'chown --help' for more information.
[root@NGINX ~]# ^C
[root@NGINX ~]# mkdir /var/log/mariadb/ -p
[root@NGINX ~]# echo ''>/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
[root@NGINX ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
[root@NGINX ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/lo
local/ lock/ log/
[root@NGINX ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/log/mysql
chown: cannot access ‘/var/log/mysql’: No such file or directory
[root@NGINX ~]# mkdir /var/log/mysql
[root@NGINX ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/log/mysql
[root@NGINX ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.2020-02-03T17:38:15.918258Z mysqld_safe Directory '/var/lib/mysql' for UNIX socket file don't exists.
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/NGINX.pid).
[root@NGINX ~]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[root@NGINX ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@NGINX ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL..... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/NGINX.pid).
###还是启动不起来发现my.cnf中datadir没有修改将datadir=/var/lib/mysql
###改成/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@NGINX ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
"/etc/my.cnf" 19L, 578C written
[root@NGINX ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
-
服务已经成功起来
-
连接数据库
依旧很坎坷
[root@NGINX ~]# netstat -nutpl|grep 330
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 22763/mysqld
[root@NGINX ~]# mysql -uroot -paxOIZ8YqgG?;
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
[root@NGINX ~]# ln -s /var/lib/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
[root@NGINX ~]# mysql -uroot -paxOIZ8YqgG?;
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
##找不到sock由于没指定sock登录 可在默认路径添加sock链接
##/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 为本人实例sock路径不清楚的用户可参考
##/etc/my.cnf中的配置
[root@NGINX ~]# ln -s /var/lib/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
[root@NGINX ~]# ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
ln: failed to create symbolic link ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’: File exists
[root@NGINX ~]# rm /tmp/mysql.sock
rm: remove symbolic link ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’? y
[root@NGINX ~]# ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
[root@NGINX ~]# mysql -uroot -paxOIZ8YqgG?;
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@NGINX ~]# mysql -uroot -paxOIZ8YqgG?
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@NGINX ~]# /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysql -uroot -paxOIZ8YqgG?;
-bash: /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
[root@NGINX ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -paxOIZ8YqgG?;
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@NGINX ~]#
###密码也进不去了 看来我还要破解密码。。。
- mysql数据库密码忘记找回
[root@NGINX ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --user=mysql &
[1] 24488
[root@NGINX ~]# 2020-02-03T18:24:19.611951Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
2020-02-03T18:24:19.643658Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@NGINX ~]# netstat -nutpl |grep 330
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 24638/mysqld
[root@NGINX ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password=password("Cmm111111%%");
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password("Cmm111111%%") where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush priliveges;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'priliveges' at line 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@NGINX ~]# netstat -nutpl |grep 330
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 24638/mysqld
[root@NGINX ~]# killall mysqld
[root@NGINX ~]# 2020-02-03T18:31:40.272008Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ended
[1]+ Done /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --user=mysql
[root@NGINX ~]# netstat -nutpl |grep 330
[root@NGINX ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@NGINX ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -pCmm111111%%
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.29
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
##破解密码后首次进入操作需要执行如下操作
mysql> set password=password("Cmm111111%%");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
END
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