五、监听器
引入:在Servlet规范中存在三大组件:Servlet接口,Listener接口、Filter接口,而监听器接口Listener是一种设计模式
(一)监听器相关设计模式
1.设计模式
*设计模式是指可以重复利用的解决方案
2.三类设计模式
*创建型
*结构性
*行为型
3.观察者设计模式
4.监听器设计模式
监听器设计模式是观察者设计模式的一种实现
这里的监听器对应的是观察者,而被监听对象则是指被观察者
当被监听对象的状态发生改变时,也需要通知监听器,监听器在收到通知后会做出相应改变
(二)监听器Listener
1.Servlet规范中的监听器
(1)Servlet规范中已经定义好了八个监听器接口,他们要监听的对象分别是request,session,servletContext对象
(2)触发监听器的事件是这三个对象的销毁和创建,它们域属性空间中属性的添加,删除,修改
(3)使用监听器需要在web.xml文件中对监听器进行注册(除了最后两个不用注册)
2.ServletRequestListener监听器
package Listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;
public class MyRequestListener implements ServletRequestListener
{
//request对象被销毁时执行
public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre)
{
System.out.println("对象被销毁");
}
//request对象被初始化时执行
public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre)
{
System.out.println("对象被初始化");
}
}
在web.xml中注册监听器,除了最后两个监听器不需要注册,其余都需要,以此类推
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<!-- 注册监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>Listener.MyRequestListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
3.ServletRequestAttributeListener监听器
package Listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener;
public class MyRequestAttributeListener implements ServletRequestAttributeListener
{
//当向Request域中添加属性时,会触发该方法
public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
{
System.out.println("在request域中添加了一个属性");
//获取添加属性的名称和值
System.out.println("添加的属性名为:" + srae.getName());
System.out.println("添加的属性值为:" + srae.getValue());
}
//当向Request域中移除属性时,会触发该方法
public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
{
System.out.println("在request域中移除了一个属性");
//获取删除属性的名称和值
System.out.println("移除的属性名为:" + srae.getName());
System.out.println("移除的属性值为:" + srae.getValue());
}
//当向Request域中重置属性时,会触发该方法
public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
{
System.out.println("在request域中修改了一个属性");
//获取修改属性的名称和值(修改前的值)
System.out.println("修改的属性名为:" + srae.getName());
System.out.println("修改的属性值为:" + srae.getValue());
}
}
触发事件的jsp页面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>title</title>
</head>
<body>
index page!<br>
<%
request.setAttribute("name", "zhangsan");
request.setAttribute("name", "lisi");
request.removeAttribute("name");
%>
</body>
</html>
4.HttpSessionListener监听器
package Listener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
public class MySessionListener implements HttpSessionListener
{
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se)
{
System.out.println("session被创建了");
}
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se)
{
System.out.println("session被销毁了");
}
}
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>notitle</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--
由于jsp本质是Servlet,jsp九大内置对象中就有session
因此jsp页面一打开时就有session被创建
--%>
index page<br>
<%
//销毁session
session.invalidate();
%>
</body>
</html>
5. HttpSessionAttributeListener监听器
package Listener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
public class MySessionAttributeListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener
{
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)
{
System.out.println("在session域中添加了一个属性");
//获取添加属性的名称和值
System.out.println("添加的属性名为:" + se.getName());
System.out.println("添加的属性值为:" + se.getValue());
}
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)
{
System.out.println("在session域中删除了一个属性");
//获取删除属性的名称和值
System.out.println("删除的属性名为:" + se.getName());
System.out.println("删除的属性值为:" + se.getValue());
}
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)
{
System.out.println("在session域中修改了一个属性");
//获取修改属性的名称和值
System.out.println("修改的属性名为:" + se.getName());
System.out.println("修改的属性值为:" + se.getValue());
}
}
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
index page!<br>
<%
session.setAttribute("name", "zhangsan");
session.setAttribute("name", "lisi");
session.removeAttribute("name");
%>
</body>
</html>
6.ServletContextListener监听器
package Listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener
{
//当ServletContext被销毁时会触发该方法
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce)
{
System.out.println("ServletContext被销毁");
}
//当ServletContext被初始化时会触发该方法
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce)
{
System.out.println("ServletContext被创建");
}
}
7. ServletContextAttributeListener监听器
package Listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;
public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener
{
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)
{
System.out.println("ServletContext中添加了属性");
System.out.println("属性名:" + scae.getName());
System.out.println("属性值:" + scae.getValue());
}
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)
{
System.out.println("ServletContext中删除了属性");
System.out.println("属性名:" + scae.getName());
System.out.println("属性值:" + scae.getValue());
}
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)
{
System.out.println("ServletContext中重置了属性");
System.out.println("属性名:" + scae.getName());
System.out.println("属性值:" + scae.getValue());
}
}
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
index page!
<%
application.setAttribute("address", "beijing");
application.setAttribute("address", "shanghai");
application.removeAttribute("address");
%>
</body>
</html>
8.HttpSessionBindingListener监听器
package Listener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;
/**
* 定义实体类实现HttpSessionBindingListener接口
* 当该实体类的对象(即Student对象)被放入session域或从session域中删除时就会触发以下两个重写的方法
* 该监听器无需注册
*/
public class Student implements HttpSessionBindingListener
{
private String name;
private int age;
public Student()
{
}
public Student(String name, int age)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
//当前类对象被放入session时,会触发该方法
public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event)
{
System.out.println("Student对象被放入session了");
}
//当前类对象被移除session时,会触发该方法
public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event)
{
System.out.println("Student对象被移出session了");
}
}
<%@ page pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="Listener.*"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
index page!<br>
<%
Student s = new Student();
session.setAttribute("s", s);
session.removeAttribute("s");
%>
</body>
</html>
9.HttpSessionActivationListener监听器
钝化:将内存中的数据写入硬盘
活化:将硬盘中的数据恢复到内存
package Listener;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
/**
*
* 该实体类需要实现HttpSessionActivationListener和Serializable接口
*
*/
public class Student implements HttpSessionActivationListener,Serializable
{
private String name;
private int age;
public Student()
{
}
public Student(String name, int age)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
//当前类的对象被活化时会触发该方法
public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se)
{
System.out.println("session已被活化");
}
//当前类的对象被钝化时会触发该方法
public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se)
{
System.out.println("session将被钝化");
}
}
<%@ page pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="Listener.*"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
Student s = new Student();
session.setAttribute("s", s);
%>
</body>
</html>