5. 移植u-boot-2016.03修改代码支持NOR Flash
从上一节把uboot烧写到NAND启动后,最后打印出Flash: 0 Bytes
,如下图所示。我们的Jz2440开发板的NOR Flash是2MB的,那么为什么显示Flash是0Bytes呢?显然,此时的uboot还没支持NOR Flash,所以不是识别开发板的NOR Flash大小。
5.1 分析u-boot-2016.03源码之NOR Flash
(1) 我们在source insight中搜索**“Flash:”**这个字符串出现在哪里,在 common/board_r.c中有 initr_flash函数,该函数放在 init_sequence_r函数指针数组了,被 board_init_r函数调用,initr_flash函数的代码如下:
static int initr_flash(void)
{
ulong flash_size = 0;
bd_t *bd = gd->bd;
puts("Flash: "); /* 打印 Flash: */
if (board_flash_wp_on()) /*空函数,返回0*/
printf("Uninitialized - Write Protect On\n");
else
flash_size = flash_init();
print_size(flash_size, "");
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM
/*
* Compute and print flash CRC if flashchecksum is set to 'y'
*
* NOTE: Maybe we should add some WATCHDOG_RESET()? XXX
*/
if (getenv_yesno("flashchecksum") == 1) {
printf(" CRC: %08X", crc32(0,
(const unsigned char *) CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE,
flash_size));
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
putc('\n');
/* update start of FLASH memory */
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE
bd->bi_flashstart = CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE;
#endif
/* size of FLASH memory (final value) */
bd->bi_flashsize = flash_size;
#if defined(CONFIG_SYS_UPDATE_FLASH_SIZE)
/* Make a update of the Memctrl. */
update_flash_size(flash_size);
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_OXC) || defined(CONFIG_RMU)
/* flash mapped at end of memory map */
bd->bi_flashoffset = CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE + flash_size;
#elif CONFIG_SYS_MONITOR_BASE == CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE
bd->bi_flashoffset = monitor_flash_len; /* reserved area for monitor */
#endif
return 0;
}
从上面的代码可知,显然 initr_flash函数通过调用 flash_init函数获取 NOR Flash空间的大小,flash_init函数的代码如下:(该函数在 drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c)
unsigned long flash_init (void)
{
unsigned long size = 0;
int i;
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_PROTECTION /*CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_PROTECTION 没定义*/
/* read environment from EEPROM */
char s[64];
getenv_f("unlock", s, sizeof(s));
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_FLASH /* for driver model */ /*CONFIG_CFI_FLASH 没定义*/
cfi_flash_init_dm();
#endif
/* Init: no FLASHes known */
for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_BANKS; ++i) {
flash_info[i].flash_id = FLASH_UNKNOWN;
/* Optionally write flash configuration register */
cfi_flash_set_config_reg(cfi_flash_bank_addr(i),
cfi_flash_config_reg(i));
if (!flash_detect_legacy(cfi_flash_bank_addr(i), i))
flash_get_size(cfi_flash_bank_addr(i), i);
size += flash_info[i].size;
if (flash_info[i].flash_id == FLASH_UNKNOWN) {
#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_QUIET_TEST /*CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_QUIET_TEST没定义*/
printf ("## Unknown flash on Bank %d "
"- Size = 0x%08lx = %ld MB\n",
i+1, flash_info[i].size,
flash_info[i].size >> 20);
#endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_QUIET_TEST */
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_PROTECTION /*CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_PROTECTION没定义*/
else if (strcmp(s, "yes") == 0) {
/*
* Only the U-Boot image and it's environment
* is protected, all other sectors are
* unprotected (unlocked) if flash hardware
* protection is used (CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_PROTECTION)
* and the environment variable "unlock" is
* set to "yes".
*/
if (flash_info[i].legacy_unlock) {
int k;
/*
* Disable legacy_unlock temporarily,
* since flash_real_protect would
* relock all other sectors again
* otherwise.
*/
flash_info[i].legacy_unlock = 0;
/*
* Legacy unlocking (e.g. Intel J3) ->
* unlock only one sector. This will
* unlock all sectors.
*/
flash_real_protect (&flash_info[i], 0, 0);
flash_info[i].legacy_unlock = 1;
/*
* Manually mark other sectors as
* unlocked (unprotected)
*/
for (k = 1; k < flash_info[i].sector_count; k++)
flash_info[i].protect[k] = 0;
} else {
/*
* No legancy unlocking -> unlock all sectors
*/
flash_protect (FLAG_PROTECT_CLEAR,
flash_info[i].start[0],
flash_info[i].start[0]
+ flash_info[i].size - 1,
&flash_info[i]);
}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_PROTECTION */
}
flash_protect_default();
#ifdef CONFIG_FLASH_CFI_MTD /*CONFIG_FLASH_CFI_MTD 没定义*/
cfi_mtd_init();
#endif
return (size);
}
上面的程序有一个if判断语句:
if (!flash_detect_legacy(cfi_flash_bank_addr(i), i))
flash_get_size(cfi_flash_bank_addr(i), i);
从字面意思看出flash_detect_legacy为旧的检测flash,flash_get_size就应该为新的检测flash机制,先看一下旧的,没看出什么,再看flash_get_size,发现有很多debug调试信息,有这么多调试信息,那就应该用起来:
debug ("manufacturer is %d\n", info->vendor);
debug ("manufacturer id is 0x%x\n", info->manufacturer_id);
debug ("device id is 0x%x\n", info->device_id);
debug ("device id2 is 0x%x\n", info->device_id2);
debug ("cfi version is 0x%04x\n", info->cfi_version);
搜索debug 查到:
在include/common.h中有如下代码:
#define debug(fmt, args...) \
debug_cond(_DEBUG, fmt, ##args)
很明显应该是用的 _DEBUG,搜索 _DEBUG,在 include/common.h中有:
#ifdef DEBUG
#define _DEBUG 1
#else
#define _DEBUG 0
#endif
那么我们就把#define DEBUG
给加上,在jz2440.h
中定义如下:
#define DEBUG
重新编译u-boot烧写到NOR Flash,并设置为NOR Flash启动,启动后后串口有如下结果输出:
从打印的这句话:JEDEC PROBE: ID c2 2249 0
可知厂家ID是c2
,设备ID是2249
,查看NOR Flash(MX29LV160DBT)的数据手册有:
从数据手册可知,MX29LV160DBT的设备厂家ID是C2
,设备ID是2249
,与uboot读出的厂家ID、设备ID相符。所以,现在的uboot是可以正常读出NOR Flash的厂家ID、设备ID的。
(2) 根据打印信息,在源码中搜索字符串“JEDEC PROBE:”在drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c中的flash_detect_legacy
函数中有如下代码片段:
debug("JEDEC PROBE: ID %x %x %x\n",
info->manufacturer_id,
info->device_id,
info->device_id2);
if (jedec_flash_match(info, info->start[0]))
break;
else
unmap_physmem((void *)info->start[0],
MAP_NOCACHE);
从上面的代码可知厂家ID、设备ID是如何打印的;同时还需要通过jedec_flash_match
函数进行匹配,jedec_flash_match
函数代码如下:(在drivers/mtd/jedec_flash.c)
int jedec_flash_match(flash_info_t *info, ulong base)
{
int ret = 0;
int i;
ulong mask = 0xFFFF;
if (info->chipwidth == 1)
mask = 0xFF;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(jedec_table); i++) {
if ((jedec_table[i].mfr_id & mask) == (info->manufacturer_id & mask) &&
(jedec_table[i].dev_id & mask) == (info->device_id & mask)) {
fill_info(info, &jedec_table[i], base);
ret = 1;
break;
}
}
return ret;
}
从jedec_flash_match
发现一个数组jedec_table
,匹配设备的ID用的应该就是这个数组里的内容了,查看数组如下:
static const struct amd_flash_info jedec_table[] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_256Kx8
{
.mfr_id = (u16)SST_MANUFACT,
.dev_id = SST39LF020,
.name = "SST 39LF020",
.uaddr = {
[0] = MTD_UADDR_0x5555_0x2AAA /* x8 */
},
.DevSize = SIZE_256KiB,
.CmdSet = P_ID_AMD_STD,
.NumEraseRegions= 1,
.regions = {
ERASEINFO(0x01000,64),
}
},
#endif
......
5.2 修改代码支持NOR Flash
(1) 在amd_flash_info 这个结构体数组里的内容,定义了许多类型的flash,每一个定义就是一个flash芯片。我们在里面自己定义我们的芯片结构项:
{
.mfr_id = (u16)0x00C2,/*厂家ID*/
.dev_id = 0x2249, /*设备ID*/
.name = "MXIC MX29LV160DB",
.uaddr = {
[1] = MTD_UADDR_0x0555_0x02AA /* x16 *//*NOR FLASH看到的解锁地址*/
},
.DevSize = SIZE_2MiB,
.CmdSet = P_ID_AMD_STD,
.NumEraseRegions = 4, /* 擦除区域的数目 */
.regions = {
ERASEINFO(16*1024, 1),
ERASEINFO(8*1024, 2),
ERASEINFO(32*1024, 1),
ERASEINFO(64*1024, 31),
}
},
然后,重新编译u-boot,烧写到NOR Flash并启动运行,打印信息有如下:
从上面的信息可知,uboot已经识别出NOR Flash空间的大小2MiB
,但是还显示错误ERROR: too many flash sectors
(2) 从源码中搜索错误ERROR: too many flash sectors
,发现在drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c有如下代码:
if (sect_cnt >= CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT) {
printf("ERROR: too many flash sectors\n");
break;
}
跳转到CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT
这个定义(在jz2440.h中),有:
#define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT (19)
从下图的NOR Flash的数据手册可知,Secter总共有35个;因此,把CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT
宏定义改为::
#define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT (35)
此外,在jz2440.h
中把Debug调试信息去掉:
/*#define DEBUG */
注:jz2440.h中注释不能使用 双斜杠"//" 注释,否则,编译的时候会自动在uboot顶层目录下的链接脚本u-boot.lds添加"//#define DEBUG",所下图所示:
然后编译时会产生如下错误:
重新编译u-boot,烧写到NOR Flash并启动运行,打印信息如下:
从上图可知,已经可以清晰看到uboot识别出NOR Flash空间大小:Flash: 2 MiB
,而且错误ERROR: too many flash sectors
也消失了。
5.3 测试
(1) 先解除写保护,在串口中输入:protect off all
(2) 输入:flinfo
;打印正常:
(3) 输入:erase 80000 8ffff
(4) 输入:cp.b 30000000 80000 10000
从上图可知,NOR Flash 写成功。
(5) 测试norflash写功能的完整性:
在串口输入以下命令:
protect off all //关闭写保护
erase 80000 8ffff
cp.b 30000000 80000 10000
md.b 80000 //显示0x80000地址的内容
md.b 30000000
cmp.b 30000000 80000 10000 //比较0x30000000地址的内容与0x80000地址的内容,比较数据长度0x10000字节
结果如下图:
由上图可知,NOR Flash读写测试成功。