Nginx日常学习

其他 2021-03-05 09:52:18 阅读次数: 0

Nginx日常学习

中文腾讯
nginx英文

k8s简单搭建

[root@tom config]# pwd
/test/nginx-test/config
[root@tom config]#
[root@tom config]#
[root@tom config]#
[root@tom config]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3300 Dec 21 19:11 nginx.conf

[root@tom config]# cat nginx.conf

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    
    
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    
    
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    log_format myFormat '
                remote_addr          => $remote_addr
                binary_remote_addr   => $binary_remote_addr
                remote_port          => $remote_port
                remote_user          => $remote_user
                host                 => $host
                request              => $request
                request_filename     => $request_filename
                status               => $status
                body_bytes_sent      => $body_bytes_sent
                content_length       => $content_length
                content_type         => $content_type
                http_referer         => $http_referer
                http_user_agent      => $http_user_agent
                args                 => $args
                document_uri         => $document_uri
                document_root        => $document_root
                hostname             => $hostname
                http_cookie          => $http_cookie
                cookie_COOKIE        => $cookie_COOKIE
                is_args              => $is_args
                limit_rate           => $limit_rate
                query_string         => $query_string
                realpath_root        => $realpath_root
                request_body         => $request_body
                request_body_file    => $request_body_file
                request_method       => $request_method
                request_uri          => $request_uri
                scheme               => $scheme
                uri                  => $uri
                request_completion   => $request_completion
                server_protocol      => $server_protocol
                server_addr          => $server_addr
                server_name          => $server_name
                server_port          => $server_port';
#    access_log logs/access.log myFormat;



    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;


    server {
    
    
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  myFormat;

        location / {
    
    
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
    
    
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
    
    
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
    
    
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
    
    
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
}

[root@tom config]# cd ../logs/
[root@tom logs]# pwd
/test/nginx-test/logs
[root@tom logs]#
[root@tom logs]#
[root@tom logs]#
[root@tom logs]# ll
total 40
-rw-r--r-- 1 101 root  3820 Dec 21 19:10 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 101 root   320 Dec 21 19:08 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 101 root 28828 Dec 21 19:16 host.access.log
[root@tom logs]#
[root@tom logs]#

deploy.yml&svc.yml

[root@tom nginx-test]# cat deploy.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
 name: nginx100
spec:
 selector:
  matchLabels:
   app: web_server
 replicas: 1
 serviceName: nginx-test
 template:
  metadata:
   labels:
    app: web_server
  spec:
   containers:
   - name: nginx
     image: nginx:1.17.6
     command: ["nginx", "-c","/etc/nginx/conf.d/nginx.conf", "-g", "daemon off;"]
     ports:
     - containerPort: 80
#       hostPort: 18888
     volumeMounts:
     - mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d
       name: conf
     - mountPath: /var/log/nginx
       name: logs
   volumes:
   - hostPath:
       path: /test/nginx-test/config
     name: conf
   - hostPath:
       path: /test/nginx-test/logs
     name: logs
[root@tom nginx-test]# cat svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service-nodeport
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
      nodePort: 30080
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: web_server
[root@tom nginx-test]#

1、nginx的常用变量

remote_addr		    #客户端ip,如：192.168.4.2
binary_remote_addr	#客户端ip（二进制)
remote_port		    #客户端port，如：50472
remote_user		    #已经经过Auth Basic Module验证的用户名
host			    #请求主机头字段，否则为服务器名称，如:dwz.stamhe.com
request			    #用户请求信息，如：GET /?_a=index&_m=show&count=10 HTTP/1.1
request_filename	#当前请求的文件的路径名，由root或alias和URI request组合而成，如：/webserver/htdocs/dwz/index.php
status			    #请求的响应状态码,如:200
body_bytes_sent	    #响应时送出的body字节数数量。即使连接中断，这个数据也是精确的,如：40
content_length	    #请求头中的Content-length字段
content_type	    #请求头中的Content-Type字段
http_referer	    #引用地址
http_user_agent	    #客户端agent信息,如：Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11
args			    #如：_a=index&_m=show&count=10
document_uri	    #与$uri相同,如：/index.php
document_root	    #针对当前请求的根路径设置值,如：/webserver/htdocs/dwz
hostname		    #如：centos53.localdomain
http_cookie		    #客户端cookie信息
cookie_COOKIE	    #cookie COOKIE变量的值
is_args			    #如果有$args参数，这个变量等于”?”，否则等于”"，空值，如?
limit_rate		    #这个变量可以限制连接速率，0表示不限速
query_string	    #与$args相同,如：_a=index&_m=show&count=10
realpath_root	    #如：/webserver/htdocs/dwz
request_body	    #记录POST过来的数据信息
request_body_file	#客户端请求主体信息的临时文件名
request_method	    #客户端请求的动作，通常为GET或POST,如：GET
request_uri		    #包含请求参数的原始URI，不包含主机名，如：”/foo/bar.php?arg=baz”。不能修改。如：/index.php?_a=index&_m=show&count=10
scheme			    #HTTP方法（如http，https）,如：http
uri				    #如：/index.php
request_completion	#如果请求结束，设置为OK. 当请求未结束或如果该请求不是请求链串的最后一个时，为空(Empty)，如：OK
server_protocol	    #请求使用的协议，通常是HTTP/1.0或HTTP/1.1，如：HTTP/1.1
server_addr		    #服务器地址，在完成一次系统调用后可以确定这个值，如：192.168.4.129
server_name		    #服务器名称，如：dwz.stamhe.com
server_port		    #请求到达服务器的端口号,如：80


    log_format myFormat	'
		remote_addr          => $remote_addr
		binary_remote_addr   => $binary_remote_addr
		remote_port          => $remote_port
		remote_user          => $remote_user
		host                 => $host
		request              => $request
		request_filename     => $request_filename
		status               => $status
		body_bytes_sent      => $body_bytes_sent
		content_length       => $content_length
		content_type         => $content_type
		http_referer         => $http_referer
		http_user_agent      => $http_user_agent
		args                 => $args
		document_uri         => $document_uri
		document_root        => $document_root
		hostname             => $hostname
		http_cookie          => $http_cookie
		cookie_COOKIE        => $cookie_COOKIE
		is_args              => $is_args
		limit_rate           => $limit_rate
		query_string         => $query_string
		realpath_root        => $realpath_root
		request_body         => $request_body
		request_body_file    => $request_body_file
		request_method       => $request_method
		request_uri          => $request_uri
		scheme               => $scheme
		uri                  => $uri
		request_completion   => $request_completion
		server_protocol      => $server_protocol
		server_addr          => $server_addr
		server_name          => $server_name
		server_port          => $server_port';	
    access_log logs/access.log myFormat;

通过nginx的日志答应出来有:

                remote_addr          => 172.17.0.1
                binary_remote_addr   => \xAC\x11\x00\x01
                remote_port          => 61407
                remote_user          => -
                host                 => 192.168.11.110
                request              => GET /index.html?fdfdfdf HTTP/1.1
                request_filename     => /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
                status               => 304
                body_bytes_sent      => 0
                content_length       => -
                content_type         => -
                http_referer         => -
                http_user_agent      => Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36
                args                 => fdfdfdf
                document_uri         => /index.html
                document_root        => /usr/share/nginx/html
                hostname             => nginx100-0
                http_cookie          => csrftoken=rXoZQHT46CphFKh1Ozy0RYKIUB3xKM8DvTXMQQzvV8GfQvhn41JYdeOs10IIlOTb; sessionid=s3wwrn1erqsdmsx9tdnqjuxlmurcpz0h
                cookie_COOKIE        => -
                is_args              => ?
                limit_rate           => 0
                query_string         => fdfdfdf
                realpath_root        => /usr/share/nginx/html
                request_body         => -
                request_body_file    => -
                request_method       => GET
                request_uri          => /index.html?fdfdfdf
                scheme               => http
                uri                  => /index.html
                request_completion   => OK
                server_protocol      => HTTP/1.1
                server_addr          => 172.17.0.5
                server_name          => localhost
                server_port          => 80

使用http_cookie和cookie_COOKIE可以打印出cookie的信息哦

request_uri是整个URL的值，包括查询字符串的值

2、Controlling nginx

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

[root@tom ~]# nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.16.1
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

Options:
  -?,-h         : this help
  -v            : show version and exit
  -V            : show version and configure options then exit
  -t            : test configuration and exit
  -T            : test configuration, dump it and exit
  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /usr/share/nginx/)
  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf)
  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

[root@tom ~]#
[root@tom ~]#

使用 kill -HUP pid == nginx -s reload
使用 kill -USR1 pid == nginx -s reopen重新打开日志文件

3、default_server 侦听端口的属性

server {
    
    
    listen      80;
    server_name example.org www.example.org;
    ...
}

server {
    
    
    listen      80;
    server_name example.net www.example.net;
    ...
}

server {
    
    
    listen      80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    ...
}

nginx 会判断请求头中的Host字段。如果它的值与任何服务器名称不匹配，或者请求根本没有包含这个头域，那么nginx会将请求路由到这个端口的默认服务器。 在上面的配置中，默认服务器是第一个 - 这是nginx的标准默认行为。 它也可以明确地设置哪个服务器应该是默认的，在listen指令中使用default_server参数：

server {
    
    
    listen      80 default_server;
    server_name example.net www.example.net;
    ...
}

请注意，默认服务器是侦听端口的属性，而不是服务器名称的属性。

4、location

location只测试没有参数的url

Note that locations of all types test only a URI part of request line without arguments. This is done because arguments in the query string may be given in several ways, for example:

/index.php?user=john&page=1
/index.php?page=1&user=john

Besides, anyone may request anything in the query string:

/index.php?page=1&something+else&user=john

请注意，所有类型的位置仅测试没有参数的请求行的URI部分。这是因为查询字符串中的参数可能以多种方式给出，例如：

/index.php?user=john&page=1
/index.php?page=1&user=john

此外，任何人都可以在查询字符串中请求任何内容

/index.php?page=1&something+else&user=john

那如何验证呢？

		# 验证location是测试没有查询字符串的uri
		location ~ /noQueryTest {
    
    
			default_type text/html ;
			return 601 '==============================    /noQueryTest 验证location是测试没有查询字符串的uri    ==============================';
		}
				
		# 验证location是测试没有查询字符串的uri
		location ~ /noQueryTest/ {
    
    
			default_type text/html ;
			return 601 '==============================    /noQueryTest/ 验证location是测试没有查询字符串的uri 但是上一个location会先返回  ==============================';
		}

在这里插入图片描述
注意，正则一旦匹配上就立刻回去了
因此，如果还有正则比这个location匹配返回还广，nginx也不会去处理，他立刻就返回咯。

location匹配规则

盗图来自location匹配规则
在这里插入图片描述

小结

location 的^~和正则我的理解是他两干上了，只要谁排队排到了前面，一旦匹配上了，就回到浏览器咯。
看看我上面的错误理解。。。。。我觉得nginx是不是在内存中先把各种location按照类型先排序，在同一个类型中，按照先后顺序排序

		location ~ ^/public/first\.html$ {
    
    
			default_type text/html ;
			return 633 '==============================    正则匹配633_1【location ~ \/public\/first\.html】    ==============================';
		}		
		location ^~ /public/first.html {
    
    
			default_type text/html ;
			return 623 '==============================    优于正则匹配623_1【location ^~ /public/first.html】    ==============================';
		}

在这里插入图片描述

5.中文乱码

修改字符集为charset utf-8;

    server {
    
    
        listen       8080;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;
		charset utf-8;

6.日志切割

#!/bin/bash
base_path='/usr/local/nginx/logs'
log_path=$(date -d yesterday +"%Y%m")
day=$(date -d yesterday +"%d")
mkdir -p $base_path/$log_path
mv $base_path/access.log $base_path/$log_path/access_$day.log
#echo $base_path/$log_path/access_$day.log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

#Crontab 编辑定时任务
01 00 * * * /xxx/path/b.sh  每天0时1分(建议在02-04点之间,系统负载小)

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