一般简单的mvc框架由模板引擎，自动加载类，路由自定义三部分组成。
这里主要讲述模板引擎。
模板引擎主要的原理是引入文件，之后使用正则表达式替换模板里的语句，再把模板渲染出来。
比如访问index.php，先引入Template.php模板引擎文件（引入编译类Compile.php），然后使用渲染函数（show（））渲染模板(member.html)。
index.php
<?php
include_once './Template.php';
$tpl = new Template();
$tpl->assign('data', 'hello');
$tpl->assign('person', 'world!');
$tpl->assign('arr1', array('123','456','789'));
$tpl->assign('arr2', array('abc', 'def', 'ghi'));
$tpl->assign('a', '2');
$tpl->show('member');
?>
Template.php
<?php
/**
* 模板引擎基础类
*/
class Template
{
private $config = array(
'suffix' => '.html', // 设置模板文件的后缀
'templateDir' => 'template/', // 设置模板所在的文件夹
'compileDir' => 'cache/', // 设置编译后存放的目录
'cache_html' => false, // 是否需要编译成静态的HTML文件
'suffix_cache' => '.html', // 设置编译文件的后缀
'cache_time' => 7200, // 多长时间自动更新，单位秒
'php_turn' => true, // 是否支持原生PHP代码
'cache_control' => 'control.dat',
'debug' => false,
);
private static $instance = null;
private $value = array(); // 值栈
private $compileTool; // 编译器
public $file; // 模板文件名，不带路径
public $debug = array(); // 调试信息
private $controlData = array();
public function __construct($config = array())
{
$this->debug['begin'] = microtime(true);
$this->config = $config + $this->config;
if (! is_dir($this->config['templateDir'])) {
exit("模板目录不存在！");
}
if (! is_dir($this->config['compileDir'])) {
mkdir($this->config['compileDir'], 0770);
}
$this->getPath();
include './Compile.php';
}
/**
*获取绝对路径
*/
public function getPath() {
$this->config['templateDir'] = strtr(realpath($this->config['templateDir']), '\\', '/').'/';
$this->config['compileDir'] = strtr(realpath($this->config['compileDir']), '\\', '/').'/';
}
/**
*取得模板引擎的实例
*/
public static function getInstance() {
if (is_null(self::$instance)) {
self::$instance = new self();
}
return self::$instance;
}
/* 设置模板引擎参数 */
public function setConfig($key, $value = null) {
if (is_array($key)) {
$this->config = $key + $this->config;
}else {
$this->config[$key] = $value;
}
}
/* 获取当前模板引擎配置，仅供调试使用 */
public function getConfig($key = null) {
if ($key) {
return $this->config[$key];
}else {
return $this->config;
}
}
/**
*注入单个变量
*/
public function assign($key, $value) {
$this->value[$key] = $value;
}
/**
*注入数组变量
*/
public function assignArray($array) {
if (is_array($array)) {
foreach($array as $k => $v) {
$this->value[$k] = $v;
}
}
}
/**
* 获取模板文件完整路径
*/
public function path() {
return $this->config['templateDir'].$this->file.$this->config['suffix'];
}
/**
*判断是否开启了缓存
*/
public function needCache() {
return $this->config['cache_html'];
}
/**
*是否需要重新生成静态文件
*/
public function reCache($file) {
$flag = true;
$compileFile = $this->config['compileDir'].md5($file).'.php';
$cacheFile = $this->config['compileDir'].md5($file).$this->config['suffix_cache'];
if ($this->config['cache_html'] === true) {
$timeFlag = (time() - @filemtime($cacheFile)) < $this->config['cache_time'] ? true : false;
if (is_file($cacheFile) && filesize($cacheFile) > 1 && $timeFlag && filemtime($compileFile) >= filemtime($this->path())) {
$flag = false;
}else {
$flag = true;
}
}
return $flag;
}
/**
*显示模板
*/
public function show($file) {
$this->file = $file;
if (! is_file($this->path())) {
exit('找不到对应的模板！');
}
$compileFile = $this->config['compileDir'].md5($file).'.php';
$cacheFile = $this->config['compileDir'].md5($file).$this->config['suffix_cache'];
extract($this->value, EXTR_OVERWRITE);
if ($this->config['cache_html'] === true) {
// 开启缓存的处理逻辑
if ($this->reCache($file) === true) {
// 需要更新缓存的处理逻辑
$this->debug['cached'] = 'false';
$this->compileTool = new Compile($this->path(), $compileFile, $this->config);
if ($this->needCache()) {
ob_start();} // 打开输出控制缓冲
if (! is_file($compileFile) || filemtime($compileFile) < filemtime($this->path())) {
$this->compileTool->value = $this->value;
$this->compileTool->compile();
include $compileFile;
}else {
include $compileFile;
}
if ($this->needCache()) {
$message = ob_get_contents(); // 获取输出缓冲中的内容（在include编译文件的时候就有输出了）
file_put_contents($cacheFile, $message);
}
}else {
readfile($cacheFile);
$this->debug['cached'] = 'true';
}
}else {
if (! is_file($compileFile) || filemtime($compileFile) < filemtime($this->path())) {
$this->compileTool = new Compile($this->path(), $compileFile, $this->config);
$this->compileTool->value = $this->value;
$this->compileTool->compile();
include $compileFile;
}else {
include $compileFile;
}
}
$this->debug['spend'] = microtime(true) - $this->debug['begin'];
$this->debug['count'] = count($this->value);
//$this->debug_info();
}
public function debug_info() {
if ($this->config['debug'] === true) {
echo PHP_EOL, '---------debug info---------', PHP_EOL;
echo "程序运行日期：", date("Y-m-d H:i:s"), PHP_EOL;
echo "模板解析耗时：", $this->debug['spend'], '秒', PHP_EOL;
echo '模板包含标签数目：', $this->debug['count'], PHP_EOL;
echo '是否使用静态缓存：', $this->debug['cached'], PHP_EOL;
echo '模板引擎实例参数：', var_dump($this->getConfig());
}
}
/**
*清理缓存的HTML文件
*/
public function clean($path = null) {
if ($path === null) {
$path = $this->config['compileDir'];
$path = glob($path.'* '.$this->config['suffix_cache']);
}else {
$path = $this->config['compileDir'].md5($path).$this->config['suffix_cache'];
}
foreach((array)$path as $v) {
unlink($v);
}
}
}
?>
Compile.php
<?php
class Compile
{
private $template; // 待编译的文件
private $content; // 需要替换的文件
private $comfile; // 编译后的文件
private $left = '{'; // 左定界符
private $right = '}'; // 右定界符
private $value = array(); // 值栈
private $phpTurn;
private $T_P = array(); // 匹配正则数组
private $T_R = array(); // 替换数组
public function __construct($template, $compileFile, $config) {
$this->template = $template;
$this->comfile = $compileFile;
$this->content = file_get_contents($template);
if ($config['php_turn'] === true) {
$this->T_P[] = "#<\?(=|php|)(.+?)\?#is";
$this->T_R[] = "<?\1\2?>";
}
// 变量匹配
// \x7f-\xff表示ASCII字符从127到255，其中\为转义，作用是匹配汉字
$this->T_P[] = "#\{\\$([a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*)\}#";
// foreach标签盘匹配
$this->T_P[] = "#\{(loop|foreach)\s+\\$([a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*)\s*\}#i";
$this->T_P[] = "#\{\/(loop|foreach|if)\}#";
$this->T_P[] = "#\\$(k|v)\b.*?<#";
//$this->T_P[] = "#\{*\\$(k|v)\}#";//\{.*?\$(k|v)\b.*?\}
// if else标签匹配
$this->T_P[] = "#\{if (.*?)\}#";
$this->T_P[] = "#\{(else if|elseif) (.*?)\}#";
$this->T_P[] = "#\{else\}#";
$this->T_P[] = "#\{(\#|\*)(.*?)(\#|\*)\}#";
$this->T_R[] = "<?php echo \$this->value['\\1']; ?>";
$this->T_R[] = "<?php foreach ((array)\$this->value['\\2'] as \$k => \$v) { ?>";
$this->T_R[] = "<?php } ?>";
$this->T_R[] = "<?php echo \$\\1.'<'?>";
$this->T_R[] = "<?php if(\\1){ ?>";
$this->T_R[] = "<?php }elseif(\\2){ ?>";
$this->T_R[] = "<?php }else{ ?>";
$this->T_R[] = "";
}
public function compile() {
$this->c_var();
//$this->c_staticFile();
file_put_contents($this->comfile, $this->content);
}
public function c_var() {
$this->content = preg_replace($this->T_P, $this->T_R, $this->content);
}
/* 对引入的静态文件进行解析，应对浏览器缓存 */
public function c_staticFile() {
$this->content = preg_replace('#\{\!(.*?)\!\}#', '<script src=\1'.'?t='.time().'></script>', $this->content);
}
public function __set($name, $value) {
$this->$name = $value;
}
public function __get($name) {
return $this->$name;
}
}
?>
member.html
<html>
{
$data},{
$person}
<br/>列表一：<br/>
<ul>
{
foreach $arr1}
<li> $k </li>
{
/foreach}
</ul>
<br/>列表二：<br/>
<ul>
{
loop $arr2}
<li>$v</li>
{
/loop}
</ul>
{
if $a == '1'} <h1>a等于1</h1>
{
elseif $a == '2'}<h2>等于2</h2>
{
else}<h3>不等于1也不等于2</h3>
{
/if}
</html>