全网最详细 Spring Security 使用说明

其他 2021-03-06 21:17:24 阅读次数: 0

项目开发过程中，几乎每一次的项目交付都会遇到系统认证与安全问题。而之前的方法都是“兵来将挡水来土掩”，没有一套完善的开发流程与规范，受尽折磨。所以这次借助开发新项目的机会，尝试了 Spring Security 框架来进行安全模块的开发。

pom.xml

<!-- Spring security start -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId>
	<version>4.2.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
	<version>4.2.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
	<version>4.2.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
	<version>4.2.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring security end -->

想要使用 Spring Security 安全框架，首先需要引入上述相关 jar 包。

web.xml

    <!-- spring security 的过滤器配置 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

在 web.xml 文件中添加 Spring Security 过滤器。

spring-security.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
        xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-4.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd">
    <http auto-config='true'>
        <!--使用表单方式进行登录验证，并制定登录失败后的自定义处理器-->
        <form-login login-page="/login.jsp" authentication-failure-handler-ref="myAuthenticationFailureHandler"/>
        <!--配置需要拦截的资源。需要注意的是，配置顺序必须根据拦截范围的大小从小到大依次配置-->
        <!--放行 login.jsp ，让所有人都能访问-->
        <intercept-url pattern="/login.jsp" access="permitAll()"/>
        <!--只有拥有 ROLE_USER 权限的 user 用户可以访问 user.jsp 页面-->
        <intercept-url pattern="/jspDispatcher/user" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>
        <!--只有拥有 ROLE_ADMIN 权限的 admin 用户可以访问 admin.jsp 页面-->
        <intercept-url pattern="/jspDispatcher/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
        <!-- 只有登录过的用户才能访问 -->
        <intercept-url pattern="/**" access="isFullyAuthenticated()"/>
        <!--关闭 CSRF 安全验证-->
        <csrf disabled="true"/>
    </http>

	<!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  1 Start  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--通过在该 xml 文件中进行用户配置，该方式为基础配置，一般不用在生产环境中。当 Java 代码认证方式开启时，该方式失效。-->
    <!--<authentication-manager>
        <authentication-provider>
            <user-service>
                &lt;!&ndash;配置用户名、密码、角色&ndash;&gt;
                <user name="admin" password="admin" authorities="ROLE_ ADMIN"/>
                <user name="user" password="user" authorities="ROLE_USER"/>
            </user-service>
        </authentication-provider>
    </authentication-manager>-->
	<!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  1 End  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->

	<!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  2 Start  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--通过 Java 代码进行用户信息认证，该方式也是生产环境中的必需方式。-->
    <authentication-manager>
        <!--指定动态获取用户认证信息的类-->
        <authentication-provider user-service-ref="myUserDetailService">
            <!--绑定用户密码对比类-->
            <password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
        </authentication-provider>
    </authentication-manager>

    <!--注册动态获取用户认证信息类-->
    <beans:bean id="myUserDetailService" class="com.supreme.security.MyUserDetailService"></beans:bean>
    <!--注册用户密码对比类-->
    <beans:bean id="passwordEncoder" class="org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder"/>
	<!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  2 End  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->

    <!--注册自定义登录失败处理器-->
    <beans:bean id="myAuthenticationFailureHandler" class="com.supreme.security.MyAuthenticationFailureHandler"/>
</beans:beans>

上面的配置文件默认使用的并不是基础配置，因为在实际使用中我们也不会使用基础配置。详细解析如下：

1、http 标签内定义了验证方式和资源拦截规则等，这是不管是使用 xml 配置用户信息还是通过 Java 代码从数据动态获取用户信息都会用的配置。
2、标记为 1 的部分默认是不起作用的，因为用户名、密码、权限都是通过明文写死在配置文件中的，所以事实应用价值不大。但在某些特殊情况下也有其使用价值。如果想使用把标记为 2 的部分注释掉，并把 1 部分打开即可。
3、标记为 2 的部分是本示例中默认的配置。该配置方式定义用户信息认证是通过 Java 代码动态读取数据库的方式获取用户信息。同时定义了用于对比加密后的用户密码的类。
4、文件提供了两种方式的登录事件处理器，一个为默认的登录成功后进行页面跳转，另一个为登录失败后返回 JSON 格式数据信息，这两种方式的样例实现，可以很好的满足日常工作中的开发需求。

spring-mvc.xml

    <!-- 定义跳转的文件的前后缀 ，视图模式配置 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

UserLoginDTO.java

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @ClassName UserLoginDTO
 * @Description  用户登录认证模块 DTO
 * @Author Supreme_Sir
 * @Date 2019/7/10 9:48
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
public class UserLoginDTO implements Serializable {
    private String userID;

    private String userName;

    private String realName;

    private String password;

    private String createTime;

    private String lastLogTime;

    private Integer avaliable;

    private Integer overdue;

    private Integer locked;

    private Integer licence;

    private String privilegeID;

    private String privilegeName;

    private String privilegeTag;

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
}

属性太多， set、get、toString 就不贴出来了~！

UserLoginDTOMapper.java

import com.supreme.dto.UserLoginDTO;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @ClassName UserLoginDTOMapper
 * @Description
 * @Author Supreme_Sir
 * @Date 2019/7/10 10:00
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
public interface UserLoginDTOMapper {

    //  根据用户名查询用户权限
    public List<UserLoginDTO> selectByUserName(String userName);
}

UserLoginDTOMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.supreme.dao.UserLoginDTOMapper">
    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.supreme.dto.UserLoginDTO">
        <id column="user_id" property="userID" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="user_name" property="userName" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="user_realname" property="realName" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="user_password" property="password" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="user_createtime" property="createTime" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="user_lastlogtime" property="lastLogTime" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="user_avaliable" property="avaliable" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result column="user_overdue" property="overdue" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result column="user_locked" property="locked" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result column="user_licence" property="licence" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result column="privilege_id" property="privilegeID" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="privilege_name" property="privilegeName" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="privilege_tag" property="privilegeTag" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="selectByUserName" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="java.lang.String">
        SELECT
            u.user_id,
            u.user_name,
            u.user_password,
            u.user_realname,
            u.user_createtime,
            u.user_lastlogtime,
            u.user_avaliable,
            u.user_overdue,
            u.user_locked,
            u.user_licence,
            p.privilege_id,
            p.privilege_name,
            p.privilege_tag
        FROM
            privilege p
                INNER JOIN role_privilege rp ON rp.role_privilege_privilegeid = p.privilege_id
                INNER JOIN user_role ur ON ur.user_role_roleid = rp.role_privilege_roleid
                INNER JOIN `user` u ON ur.user_role_userid = u.user_id
                AND u.user_name = #{userName,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
    </select>
</mapper>

CommonUtil.java

import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import com.supreme.dto.UserLoginDTO;

public class CommonUtil {
    /**
     * @Author  Supreme_Sir
     * @Description  将查询到的用户登录对象转换成自定义 Spring Security 用户验证所需格式
     * @Date  2019/7/10 15:59
     * @Param  [list]
     * @return  java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Object>
     **/
    public static Map<String, Object> convertUserLoginDTO2Map(List<UserLoginDTO> list) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        for (UserLoginDTO dto : list) {
            if (result.size() < 1) {
                result.put("userName", dto.getUserID());
                result.put("password", dto.getPassword());
                /*result.put("userID", dto.getUserID());
                result.put("realName", dto.getUserID());
                result.put("createTime", dto.getUserID());
                result.put("lastLogTime", dto.getUserID());*/
                result.put("avaliable", (dto.getAvaliable()>0)?true:false);
                result.put("overdue", (dto.getOverdue()>0)?true:false);
                result.put("locked", (dto.getLocked()>0)?true:false);
                result.put("licence", (dto.getLicence()>0)?true:false);
                List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>();
                authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(dto.getPrivilegeTag()));
                result.put("privilege", authorities);
            } else {
                ((List<GrantedAuthority>) result.get("privilege")).add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(dto.getPrivilegeTag()));
            }
        }
        return result;
    }	

    /**
     * @Author  Supreme_Sir
     * @Description  生成 Spring Security 用户密码，新增用户时必须使用该方法对密码进行加密存储
     * @Date  2019/7/10 16:03
     * @Param  [originalPassword]
     * @return  java.lang.String
     **/
    public String passwordGenertor(String originalPassword){
        PasswordEncoder encoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
        return encoder.encode(originalPassword);
    }															
}

由于在密码加密时“加盐”的次数不同，所以即使是相同的密码在调用 passwordGenertor() 方法后，生成的密码也是不同的。但这并不影响用户密码验证。

MyAuthenticationFailureHandler.java

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AuthenticationFailureHandler;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @ClassName MyAuthenticationFailureHandler
 * @Description  自定义认证失败处理器，主要用以示范登录失败返回 JSON 数据功能。
 * 如果想自定义登录成功处理器，则实现 AuthenticationSuccessHandler 接口即可
 * @Author Supreme_Sir
 * @Date 2019/7/10 16:09
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
public class MyAuthenticationFailureHandler implements AuthenticationFailureHandler {
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

    @Override
    public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
		AuthenticationException exception) throws IOException, ServletException {
        Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<String, String>();
        result.put("result","登录失败");
        response.setContentType("text/json;charset=utf-8");
        response.getWriter().print(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(result));
    }
}

MyUserDetailService.java

import com.supreme.dao.UserLoginDTOMapper;
import com.supreme.utils.CommonUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @ClassName MyUserDetailService
 * @Description  自定义用户登录
 * @Author Supreme_Sir
 * @Date 2019/7/10 16:09
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
public class MyUserDetailService implements UserDetailsService {

    @Autowired
    private UserLoginDTOMapper mapper;

    /**
     * @Author  Supreme_Sir
     * @Description  根据用户名动态读取用户信息并认证
     * @Date  2019/7/10 17:03
     * @Param  [username]
     * @return  org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails
     **/
    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        Map<String, Object> map = CommonUtil.convertUserLoginDTO2Map(mapper.selectByUserName(username));
        User user = new User((String) map.get("userName"), (String) map.get("password"), (boolean) map.get("avaliable"),
                (boolean) map.get("overdue"), (boolean) map.get("licence"), (boolean) map.get("locked"),
                (ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>) map.get("privilege"));
        return user;
    }
}

authority.sql

/*
 Navicat Premium Data Transfer

 Source Server         : locationMySQL
 Source Server Type    : MySQL
 Source Server Version : 50560
 Source Host           : localhost:3306
 Source Schema         : authority

 Target Server Type    : MySQL
 Target Server Version : 50560
 File Encoding         : 65001

 Date: 11/07/2019 11:38:12
*/

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for privilege
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `privilege`;
CREATE TABLE `privilege`  (
  `privilege_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '权限ID',
  `privilege_name` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '权限名',
  `privilege_tag` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '权限标识符',
  PRIMARY KEY (`privilege_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = gbk COLLATE = gbk_chinese_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of privilege
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `privilege` VALUES ('1', '访问用户内容', 'ROLE_USER');
INSERT INTO `privilege` VALUES ('2', '访问管理员内容', 'ROLE_ADMIN');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;
CREATE TABLE `role`  (
  `role_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '角色ID',
  `role_name` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色名',
  `role_description` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色说明',
  PRIMARY KEY (`role_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = gbk COLLATE = gbk_chinese_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of role
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES ('1', 'user', '普通用户');
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES ('2', 'admin', '管理员');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for role_privilege
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role_privilege`;
CREATE TABLE `role_privilege`  (
  `role_privilege_roleid` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '角色ID',
  `role_privilege_privilegeid` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '权限ID'
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = gbk COLLATE = gbk_chinese_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of role_privilege
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `role_privilege` VALUES ('1', '1');
INSERT INTO `role_privilege` VALUES ('2', '2');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user`  (
  `user_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '主键',
  `user_name` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
  `user_realname` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '真实姓名',
  `user_password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',
  `user_createtime` datetime NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建日期',
  `user_lastlogtime` datetime NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '最后登录时间',
  `user_avaliable` int(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '是否可用',
  `user_overdue` int(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '是否过期',
  `user_locked` int(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '是否锁定',
  `user_licence` int(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '证书是否过期',
  PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `用户名`(`user_name`) USING BTREE COMMENT '用户名唯一'
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = gbk COLLATE = gbk_chinese_ci COMMENT = '用户表' ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1', 'tom', '汤姆', '$2a$10$byaRxiw/DEyig7y0pniDW.D5OPdJnJXwDnB3f/NcNPq2MGTk1wPom', '2019-07-04 12:00:00', '2019-07-04 00:00:00', 1, 1, 1, 1);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('2', 'jack', '杰克', '$2a$10$p47hUT5n0tfPesWo/uN88.tFXwuTH85KBLnGiaq.NkeRDvy3Qg90y', '2019-07-04 12:00:00', '2019-07-04 00:00:00', 1, 1, 1, 1);

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user_role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `user_role`  (
  `user_role_userid` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
  `user_role_roleid` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '角色ID'
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = gbk COLLATE = gbk_chinese_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user_role
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('1', '1');
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('2', '2');
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('2', '1');

-- ----------------------------
-- Triggers structure for table user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `user_delete_trigger`;
delimiter ;;
CREATE TRIGGER `user_delete_trigger` AFTER DELETE ON `user` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN 
	DELETE FROM user_role WHERE user_role_userid=old.user_id;
END
;;
delimiter ;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

别忘了要先创建 authority 数据库，字符集为 gbk。

login.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>自定义登录页</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>THIS IS MYSELF LOGIN PAGE</h1>

    <form action="login" method="post">
        <input type="text" name="username" value="" placeholder="请输入用户名"/><br/>
        <input type="password" name="password" value="" placeholder="请输入密码"/><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/jspDispatcher/user">User的专属页面</a><br/>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/jspDispatcher/admin">Admin的专属页面</a><br/>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/jspDispatcher/file">文件操作页面</a><br/>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/logout">登出</a><br/>

</body>
</html>

admin.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Admin</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>THIS IS ADMIN PAGE</h1>
</body>
</html>

user.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>User</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>THIS IS USER PAGE</h1>
</body>
</html>

filePage.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>文件操作页</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="#" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" name="file"/><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="上传"/>
    </form><br/><br/>
    <a href="#">下载 测试.txt</a>
</body>
</html>

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