Opencv学习笔记 - 直方图相似性判断

如果我们有两张图像，并且这两张图像的直方图一样，或者有极高的相似度，那么在一定程度上，我们可以认为这两幅图是一样的，这就是直方图比较的应用之一。要比较两个直方图( $H_{1}$ and $H_{2}$ ), 首先必须要选择一个衡量直方图相似度的 对比标准 ( $d(H_{1}, H_{2})$ ) 。

OpenCV 函数compareHist执行了具体的直方图对比的任务。该函数提供了4种对比标准来计算相似度：

Correlation ( CV_COMP_CORREL )

$d(H_1,H_2) = \frac{\sum_I (H_1(I) - \bar{H_1}) (H_2(I) - \bar{H_2})}{\sqrt{\sum_I(H_1(I) - \bar{H_1})^2 \sum_I(H_2(I) - \bar{H_2})^2}}$ 其中

$\bar{H_k} = \frac{1}{N} \sum _J H_k(J)$

是直方图中bin的数目。
Chi-Square ( CV_COMP_CHISQR )

$d(H_1,H_2) = \sum _I \frac{\left(H_1(I)-H_2(I)\right)^2}{H_1(I)+H_2(I)}$
Intersection ( CV_COMP_INTERSECT )

$d(H_1,H_2) = \sum _I \min (H_1(I), H_2(I))$
Bhattacharyya 距离( CV_COMP_BHATTACHARYYA )

$d(H_1,H_2) = \sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{\sqrt{\bar{H_1} \bar{H_2} N^2}} \sum_I \sqrt{H_1(I) \cdot H_2(I)}}$

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

/** @函数 main */
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
  Mat src_base, hsv_base;
  Mat src_test1, hsv_test1;
  Mat src_test2, hsv_test2;
  Mat hsv_half_down;

  /// 装载三张背景环境不同的图像
  if( argc < 4 )
    { printf("** Error. Usage: ./compareHist_Demo <image_settings0> <image_setting1> <image_settings2>\n");
      return -1;
    }

  src_base = imread( argv[1], 1 );
  src_test1 = imread( argv[2], 1 );
  src_test2 = imread( argv[3], 1 );

  /// 转换到 HSV
  cvtColor( src_base, hsv_base, CV_BGR2HSV );
  cvtColor( src_test1, hsv_test1, CV_BGR2HSV );
  cvtColor( src_test2, hsv_test2, CV_BGR2HSV );

  hsv_half_down = hsv_base( Range( hsv_base.rows/2, hsv_base.rows - 1 ), Range( 0, hsv_base.cols - 1 ) );

  /// 对hue通道使用30个bin,对saturatoin通道使用32个bin
  int h_bins = 50; int s_bins = 60;
  int histSize[] = { h_bins, s_bins };

  // hue的取值范围从0到256, saturation取值范围从0到180
  float h_ranges[] = { 0, 256 };
  float s_ranges[] = { 0, 180 };

  const float* ranges[] = { h_ranges, s_ranges };

  // 使用第0和第1通道
  int channels[] = { 0, 1 };

  /// 直方图
  MatND hist_base;
  MatND hist_half_down;
  MatND hist_test1;
  MatND hist_test2;

  /// 计算HSV图像的直方图
  calcHist( &hsv_base, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_base, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
  normalize( hist_base, hist_base, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );

  calcHist( &hsv_half_down, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_half_down, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
  normalize( hist_half_down, hist_half_down, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );

  calcHist( &hsv_test1, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_test1, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
  normalize( hist_test1, hist_test1, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );

  calcHist( &hsv_test2, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_test2, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
  normalize( hist_test2, hist_test2, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );

  ///应用不同的直方图对比方法
  for( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
     { int compare_method = i;
       double base_base = compareHist( hist_base, hist_base, compare_method );
       double base_half = compareHist( hist_base, hist_half_down, compare_method );
       double base_test1 = compareHist( hist_base, hist_test1, compare_method );
       double base_test2 = compareHist( hist_base, hist_test2, compare_method );

       printf( " Method [%d] Perfect, Base-Half, Base-Test(1), Base-Test(2) : %f, %f, %f, %f \n", i, base_base, base_half , base_test1, base_test2 );
     }

  printf( "Done \n" );

  return 0;
 }

Opencv学习笔记 - 直方图相似性判断

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