本地安装
sudo dpkg -i *.deb
测试是否安装成功
输入命令sqlite3
若出现sqlite版本等信息就证明安装成功。
在线安装
必须能连接互联网
sudo apt-get install sqlite3
创建数据库
创建一个名为student的数据库
sqlite3 student.db
数据库基本命令
1、系统命令
.help //帮助文档
.quit //退出
.exit //退出
.table //查看数据库表
.databases //查看打开的数据库
2、sql命令
2.0 创建数据库
sqlite3 student.db
2.1创建一个表
create table stu(id integetr, name char, score interger); //创建一个表，表已经存在则创建失败
create table if not exists student(id integetr, name char, score interger); //创建一个表如果该表不存在的话
stu — 表的名字
id、name、score — 字段名字
interger、char — 字段的类型
2.2 向表插入数据
insert into stu values(100, 'zhangsan', 80); //完整插入
insert into stu (name, score)values("ares", 100); //特定字段插入
2.3 查看表内容
select * from stu; //查看表所有内容
select name from stu; //查询部分字段的内容
select * from stu where score=80; //查询score字段为80的内容
where后面为查找条件，还可以多个条件的逻辑与或逻辑或进行查询
2.4 删除记录
delete from stu;//删除整个表
delete from stu where name="zhangsan"; //删除特定的一条记录
2.5 修改字段内容
update stu set name='cainiao' where id=1002;
2.6 插入一列
alter table stu add column address char //向表stu插入一列字段address
2.7 删除一列
sqlite3无法直接删除一列，所以需要一些特殊操作。
1、创建一张新的表
create table stdu1 as select id, name, score from stu; //创建新表stud1,并从stu中复制id,name,score字段插入到新表stu1中
2、删除旧的表
drop table stu; //stu表的名字 删除就的表
3、将新的表重命名位旧表的名字
alter table stu1 rename to stu; //将新表stu1命名位stu
代码中使用sqlite3要安装sqlite3函数库：
sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev
基于sqlite3数据库的简单实例
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
#include "stdint.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#define ARR_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]))
#define DATBASE_PATH "student.db"
#define TABLE_NAME "student"
enum OpItem {
ADD_INFO = 0x01,
DEL_INFO = 0x02,
SHOW_INFO = 0x03,
MODIF_INFO = 0x04,
DEL_TABLE = 0x05,
EXIT_SYS = 0x06,
};
struct option {
int op;
void (*op_callback)(void);
};
struct student
{
int id;
int score;
char name[32];
};
sqlite3 *db;
int insert_student_tbl(char *tblname, int id, char *name, int score)
{
int ret;
char **err_msg;
char sql[512] = {
0};
sprintf(sql, "insert into %s values(%d, \"%s\", %d);", tblname, id, name, score);
//执行sql语句
ret = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, 0, NULL);
if (ret != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "insert successfully\n");
}
return ret;
}
int delete_student_by_name(char *tblname, char *name)
{
int ret;
char **err_msg;
char sql[512] = {
0};
sprintf(sql, "delete from %s where name=\"%s\";", tblname, name);
ret = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, 0, NULL);
if (ret != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "delete successfully\n");
}
return ret;
}
int delete_student_by_id(char *tblname, int id)
{
int ret;
char **err_msg;
char sql[512] = {
0};
sprintf(sql, "delete from %s where id=%d;", tblname, id);
ret = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, 0, NULL);
if (ret != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "delete successfully\n");
}
return ret;
}
static int callback(void *NotUsed, int column_Count, char **column_Val, char **column_name)
{
int i;
printf("argc %d\r\n", column_Count);
for (i = 0; i < (column_Count); i++)
{
printf(" %s : %s ", column_name[i], column_Val[i] ? column_Val[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int delete_student_tbl(char *tblname)
{
int ret;
char sql[512] = {
0};
sprintf(sql, "delete from %s", tblname);
ret = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, 0, NULL);
if (ret != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "delete table successfully\n");
}
return ret;
}
int get_op(void)
{
int op;
scanf("%d", &op);
return op;
}
int show_all_student(char *tblname)
{
int ret;
char sql[512] = {
0};
sprintf(sql, "select * from %s", tblname);
ret = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, NULL);
if (ret != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "select successfully\n");
}
return ret;
}
void add_student_info_cb(void)
{
struct student s;
printf("请输入学生名字：");
scanf("%s", s.name);
printf("请输入学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &s.id);
printf("请输入学生成绩：");
scanf("%d", &s.score);
insert_student_tbl(TABLE_NAME, s.id, s.name, s.score);
}
void del_menu_init(void)
{
printf("**************1、选择通过姓名删除*****************\n");
printf("**************2、选择通过学号删除*****************\n");
}
void del_student_info_cb(void)
{
char name[32];
int id;
del_menu_init();
int op = get_op();
if (op > 2)
{
printf("无效操作\n");
return;
}
switch(op)
{
case 1 :
{
printf("输入删除学生的名字: \n");
scanf("%s", name);
delete_student_by_name(TABLE_NAME, name);
break;
}
case 2 :
{
printf("输入删除学生的学号:\n");
scanf("%s", name);
id = atoi(name);
delete_student_by_id(TABLE_NAME, id);
break;
}
}
}
void show_student_info_cb(void)
{
show_all_student(TABLE_NAME);
}
void modify_student_info_cb(void)
{
}
void exit_student_sys_cb(void)
{
exit(0);
sqlite3_close(db);
}
void del_student_table_cb(void)
{
delete_student_tbl(TABLE_NAME);
sqlite3_close(db);
exit(0);
}
struct option options[] = {
{
.op = ADD_INFO, .op_callback = add_student_info_cb},
{
.op = DEL_INFO, .op_callback = del_student_info_cb},
{
.op = SHOW_INFO, .op_callback = show_student_info_cb},
{
.op = MODIF_INFO, .op_callback = modify_student_info_cb},
{
.op = DEL_TABLE, .op_callback = del_student_table_cb},
{
.op = EXIT_SYS, .op_callback = exit_student_sys_cb},
};
void optiong_handle(struct option *ops, uint32_t size, int op)
{
int index = 0;
for (index = 0; index < size; index++)
{
if (ops[index].op == op)
{
if (ops[index].op_callback)
{
ops[index].op_callback();
}
break;
}
}
}
/*
* @brief: 创建表
* @param[in]: None
* @retval[out]: None
* @note:
* @author: guangjieMVP
* @github: https://github.com/guangjieMVP
*/
int creat_student_tbl(char *tblname)
{
int ret;
char **err_msg;
char sql[512] = {
0};
sprintf(sql, "create table if not exists %s(id integetr, name char, score interger, weigth interger);", tblname);
ret = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, 0, NULL);
if (ret != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "Table created successfully\n");
}
return ret;
}
/*
* @brief: 初始化数据库
* @param[in]: None
* @retval[out]: None
* @note:
* @author: guangjieMVP
* @github: https://github.com/guangjieMVP
*/
void student_database_init()
{
int ret;
ret = sqlite3_open(DATBASE_PATH, &db); //打开数据库，不存在则创建
if (ret)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n");
creat_student_tbl(TABLE_NAME);
}
}
void memu_init(void)
{
printf("**************1、添加学生信息*****************\n");
printf("**************2、删除学生信息*****************\n");
printf("**************3、显示学生信息*****************\n");
printf("**************4、修改学生信息*****************\n");
printf("**************5、删除所有学生信息**************\n");
printf("**************6、退出系统*********************\n");
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
student_database_init();
while (1)
{
memu_init();
int op = get_op();
optiong_handle(options, ARR_SIZE(options), op);
}
return 0;
}
编译：
gcc student_manager.c -o student_manager -lsqlite3