ubuntu 20.04 k8s(1.18.5)安装

参考1-LinuxTechi-How to Install Kubernetes (k8s) on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server

参考2-Hellxz博客-【k8s学习笔记】使用 kubeadm 部署 v1.18.5 版本 Kubernetes集群

1、配置各个节点的IP地址为静态IP地址

节点hostname	ip地址
k8s-node-master	192.168.40.40/24
k8s-node-0	192.168.40.41/24
k8s-node-1	192.168.40.42/24

网关可以看动态ip时候的网关是什么来配置

sudo gedit /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml 

# 修改yaml(yet another markup language)内容
ethernets:
     ens33:
           dhcp4: no
           addresses: [192.168.40.40/24]
           optional: true
           gateway4: 192.168.40.2
           nameservers:
                   addresses: [223.5.5.5,223.6.6.6]
                   
                   
sudo netplan apply

2、配置各个节点的host name

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname "k8s-master"     // Run this command on master node
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname "k8s-node-0"     // Run this command on node-0
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname "k8s-node-1"     // Run this command on node-1

3、在各个节点添加host记录

192.168.40.40    k8s-master
192.168.40.41    k8s-node-0
192.168.40.42    k8s-node-1

4、在各个节点安装docker

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker.io

sudo systemctl enable docker.service --now
systemctl status docker
docker --version

5、在所有节点关闭交换区，开启ip转发

# 关闭交换区
sudo gedit /etc/fstab
# 注释掉有swap的那一行

sudo swapoff -a

# 开启ip转发
sudo gedit /etc/systel.conf
# 修改 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# 校验
sudo sysctl -p
# 可以看到
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

6、所有节点安装kubectl、kubelet、kubeadm

sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add
sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

7、在master节点用kubeadm初始化kubernates Cluster

sudo kubeadm init

docker pull问题解决

(1)查看指定k8s版本需要哪些镜像

kubeadm config images list [–kubernetes-version v1.18.5]

(2)通过dockerhub拉取镜像

构建脚本，填入所需的镜像版本信息,执行脚本（这个最好所有的节点都执行一下

#!/bin/bash
# Script For Quick Pull K8S Docker Images
# by Hellxz Zhang <[email protected]>

KUBE_VERSION=v1.18.5
PAUSE_VERSION=3.2
CORE_DNS_VERSION=1.6.7
ETCD_VERSION=3.4.3-0

# pull kubernetes images from hub.docker.com
docker pull kubeimage/kube-proxy-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker pull kubeimage/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker pull kubeimage/kube-apiserver-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker pull kubeimage/kube-scheduler-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
# pull aliyuncs mirror docker images
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:$CORE_DNS_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:$ETCD_VERSION

# retag to k8s.gcr.io prefix
docker tag kubeimage/kube-proxy-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION  k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:$KUBE_VERSION
docker tag kubeimage/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:$KUBE_VERSION
docker tag kubeimage/kube-apiserver-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:$KUBE_VERSION
docker tag kubeimage/kube-scheduler-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:$KUBE_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:$CORE_DNS_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/coredns:$CORE_DNS_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:$ETCD_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/etcd:$ETCD_VERSION

# untag origin tag, the images won't be delete.
docker rmi kubeimage/kube-proxy-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker rmi kubeimage/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker rmi kubeimage/kube-apiserver-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker rmi kubeimage/kube-scheduler-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:$CORE_DNS_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:$ETCD_VERSION

(3)查看images

# 期望pull的image都有了
sudo docker images

(4)master节点init

kubeadm init
# 可以看到Your Kubernets control-plane has initiallized表明init成功

(5)master节点执行(从init输出中复制)

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

8、worker node join Cluster(工作节点)

# worker节点执行(由master节点执行 kubeadm init生成)
sudo kubeadm join 192.168.40.40:6443 --token be6lyu.y15i8vquu55yh4ml \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e5f21851861efe8e3c240e1c1f8ae6cdb0541f83aa598c8629cf84503cc613e9 

9、CNI安装(master节点执行)

sudo kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.14/manifests/calico.yam

10、校验(master节点)

sudo kubectl get nodes
# 输出3个ready节点表示成功(可能需要等待一段时间)

11、dashboard安装(UI)

(1)使用kubectl proxy访问的情况

1)创建dashboard服务

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

2)访问dashboard

kubectl proxy

kubectl 会使得 Dashboard 可以通过 http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ 访问

(2)使用NodePort访问的情况

获取文件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

文件内容

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

修改service部分(类型为NodePort)

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

通过NodePort访问

https://<any_node_ip>:30443
# 比如
https://192.168.40.41:30443

(3)使用令牌登录(创建account和roleBinding)

account.yaml

# Create Service Account
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
# Create ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system

创建用户

kubectl create -f account.yaml

获取token

kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')

登录

将token拷贝如登录页面，登录

---

其它命令

kubelet重启

systemed start kubelet