需求： 在VMware虚拟机上新增一个2GB磁盘，并挂载在 /home/newdisk 目录下
整个过程分为 5 个步骤如下 ：
- 设置虚拟机新增磁盘
- 将新增磁盘分区 fdisk
- 格式化 mkfs
- 挂载 mount
- 设置永久挂载 /etc/fstab
步骤一：虚拟机增加磁盘
打开虚拟机设置，然后添加磁盘，只要选择大小 ，其他的都点下一步就可以了
步骤二：分区
命令为 fdisk /dev/sdb
开始后输入n 新增分区， 然后选择p， 分区类型为主分区， 然后选择1 ，为第 1 主分区 。然后两次默认写入全部剩余空间，最后输入w，写入修改 。 或者输入q退出 。
[root@localhost Desktop]fdisk /dev/sdb
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n # 输入n , 新增分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p # 输入p , 设定为主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 # 选择1 ，为第1分区
First cylinder (1-261, default 1): # enter ,选择默认
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{
K,M,G} (1-261, default 261): # enter ,选择默认
Using default value 261
Command (m for help): w # 输入w ，写入修改
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
步骤三：格式化
命令为 ： mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost Desktop] mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 524112 blocks
26205 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
步骤四：手动挂载
命令 ： mount 磁盘 文件目录 # 将磁盘挂载在目录上
root@localhost Desktop]# mount /dev/sdb1 /home/newdisk
[root@localhost Desktop]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 300M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 3.9G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 35.8G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 2G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part /home/newdisk # 挂载成功
但这是单次挂载，重启后会失效。
步骤五：永久自动挂载
永久自动修改的方法是修改/dev/fstab 配置文件， 将磁盘和文件挂载信息写入/etc/fstab，
/dev/sdb1 /home/newdisk ext4 defaults 0 0
再执行 mount -a 即可。
[root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 9 00:04:07 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/sdb1 /home/newdisk ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=0f7d9402-9f6c-4b87-ab96-8e16dab67957 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=2c00004a-e632-48d9-bc8e-d8c83acb2019 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=50fe9b93-7fe0-4c14-acfc-44c35e3b034a swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
[root@localhost Desktop]# mount -a
[root@localhost Desktop]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 300M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 3.9G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 35.8G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 2G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part /home/newdisk # 挂载成功， 重启之后挂载仍可用。