xlrd、xlwt读写excel实战

xlrd、xlwt读写excel实战

实战背景

需求给一个excel,里面有两列（一个是大类key，一个小类value）是需要按照逻辑输出值的。其中一个大类是对应多个小类的，涉及excle的合并操作。加工后的目标数据类似json格式：{‘大类’：{小类1：，小类2：}}。加工后的数据要是大类或者小类不存在 就把excle对应行标红色（大类存在小类值为空等也可以实现）

代码

import xlrd
import main
import xlwt
#返回合并excel信息
def merge_cell(sheet_info):
    '''
    #handle Merge transverse cells and handle Merge Vertical Cells, assign empty cells,
    :param rlow:row, include row exclusive of row_range
    :param rhigh:row_range
    :param clow:col, include col exclusive of col_range
    :param chigh:col_range
    :param sheet_info:object of sheet
    :return:dic contain all of empty cells value
    '''
    merge = {}
    merge_cells = sheet_info.merged_cells
    for (rlow, rhigh, clow, chigh) in merge_cells:#起始行，结束行，起始列，结束列
        value_mg_cell = sheet_info.cell_value(rlow, clow)
        if rhigh-rlow == 1:
            # Merge transverse cells
            for n in range(chigh-clow-1):
                merge[(rlow, clow+n+1)] = value_mg_cell
        elif chigh-clow == 1:
            # Merge Vertical Cells
            for n in range(rhigh-rlow-1):
                merge[(rlow+n+1, clow)] = value_mg_cell
    return merge

def list_dic(list1,list2):
    '''
    two lists merge a dict,a list as key,other list as value
    :param list1:key
    :param list2:value
    :return:dict
    '''
    dic = dict(map(lambda x,y:[x,y], list1,list2))
    return dic

def read_excle(filename):
    '''
    读excle
    :param filename: 文件所在路径
    :return: apply_dic;每一行作为一个字典形如：{'列名'：value}；结果形如：[[{}],[{}]]
    '''
    apply_dic = []
    with xlrd.open_workbook(filename,formatting_info=True) as workbook:
        name_sheets = workbook.sheet_names()  # 获取Excel的sheet表列表，存储是sheet表名
        for index in name_sheets:  # for 循环读取每一个sheet表的内容
            sheet_info = workbook.sheet_by_name(index)  # 根据表名获取表中的所有内容，sheet_info也是列表，列表中的值是每个单元格里值
            first_line = sheet_info.row_values(0)  # 获取首行，我这里的首行是表头，我打算用表头作为字典的key，每一行数据对应表头的value，每一行组成一个字典
            values_merge_cell = merge_cell(sheet_info)  # 这里是调用处理合并单元格的函数
            for i in range(1, sheet_info.nrows):  # 开始为组成字典准备数据
                other_line = sheet_info.row_values(i)
                for key in values_merge_cell.keys():
                    if key[0] == i:
                        other_line[key[1]] = values_merge_cell[key]
                # print(other_line)
                dic = list_dic(first_line, other_line)  # 调用组合字典的函数，传入key和value，字典生成
                apply_dic.append(dic)
            return apply_dic
def compare_dic(key,value,dic):
    #判断大类是否存在目标字典:0-大类不存在；1-小类不存在；2小类为空；3小类有值
    if key in dic.keys():
        #判断小类是否存在字典
        # if value in (dic.values())[key].keys():
        if value in dic[key]:
            #判断小类是否为：'',None
            if str(dic[key][value]).strip()=='' or dic[key][value]==None:
                #值为空
                return 2
            else:
                return 3#有值
        else:
            #小类不存在
            return 1
    else:
        #key不存在目标字典
        return 0

def write_excle(filename,filename1,dic):
    #8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on
    # 创建一个workbook 设置编码
    workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    # 创建一个worksheet# 创建一个workbook 设置编码
    worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet',cell_overwrite_ok=True)  # 表名
    # 写入excel
    # 参数对应 行, 列, 值
    pattern = xlwt.Pattern()  # Create the Pattern
    pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN  # May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12
    pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 2
    # May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...
    style = xlwt.XFStyle()  # Create the Pattern
    style.pattern = pattern  # Add Pattern to Style
    apply_dic=read_excle(filename)
    for i in range(len(apply_dic)):
        for j in range(len(apply_dic[i])):
            worksheet.write(0, j, tuple(apply_dic[i].keys())[j])#写表头
            key=apply_dic[i]['英文分类'].strip()
            value=apply_dic[i]['字段key'].strip()
            comparedic=compare_dic(key,value,dic)
            print(key)
            print(value)
            print(comparedic)
            #大类存在，小类有值
            if comparedic ==3:
                worksheet.write(i + 1, j, tuple(apply_dic[i].values())[j])  # 表格内容
            #大类存在，小类不存在 或者大类不存在
            elif comparedic ==0 or comparedic==1:

                worksheet.write(i + 1, j, tuple(apply_dic[i].values())[j],style)
            else:
                worksheet.write(i + 1, j, tuple(apply_dic[i].values())[j])
            #判断大类是否存在目标字典:0-大类不存在；1-小类不存在；2小类为空；3小类有值


    workbook.save(filename1)
    # 保存

if __name__=='__main__':
    filename=f'{main.BASE_DIR}/dataCenter/IDFY对接新增输入项0424版.xls'
    filename1 = f'{main.BASE_DIR}/dataCenter/IDFY对接新增输入项0424版1.xls'
    from dataCenter.compare_data import comare_data#引入实际json格式数据
    write_excle(filename, filename1, comare_data)

效果

略