tips:
对于在一个工程下，有多个模块。如果不能访问页面，可能是因为没有装载成功，我也遇到这个问题。
解决方案：
ctrl+shift+alt + S, 新建一个lib目录，导入模块的包，重新运行tomcat即可
一 实现controller接口
需要导入的依赖：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.yang</groupId>
<artifactId>springMVC-01-servlet</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>MVC-01-servlet</module>
<module>MVC-02-helloMVC</module>
</modules>
<dependencies>
<!--Junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<!--数据库驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--Servlet - JSP -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--Mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
1 在web.xml中加入与springMVC相关的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置DispatchServlet：这个是springMVC的核心：请求分发器，前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
<!-- classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml:资源的配置文件-->
</init-param>
<!-- 启动级别:1 服务启动就跟着启动-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 在springmvc中，不能用/*只能用/-->
<!-- 因为/*会匹配所有的请求，包括jsp页面，会形成依赖-->
<!-- -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2 写springMVC的配置文件，即springMVC-servlet.xml文件：
2.1 处理映射器
###2.2 处理适配器
###2.3 视图解析器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--添加： 1 处理器映射器 HandlerMapping-->
<!-- 2 处理器适配器 HadlerAdapter-->
<!-- 3 视图解析器 ViewResolver-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean><!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!-- HandlerMapping要匹配一个bean-->
<bean id="/hello" class="com.yang.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>
3 写controller类的具体实现，即实现controller接口
package com.yang.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//业务代码
String s = "hello Spring MVC";
//ModelAndView msg = modelAndView.addObject("msg", s);
modelAndView.addObject("msg", s);
modelAndView.setViewName("test");//跳到test.jsp下
return modelAndView;
}
}
目录结构：
二 使用@controller注解实现
需要把springmvc-servlet.xml文件变为如下，就能使用注解了；
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--1.注册servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置，进行关联-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 启动顺序，数字越小，启动越早 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
controller类为：
package com.yang.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/HelloController")
public class HelloController {
//真实访问地址 : 项目名/HelloController/hello
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String toHello(Model model){
//向模型中添加属性msg与值，可以在JSP页面中取出并渲染
model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVC");
return "hello"; //会自动拼接成 //web-inf/jsp/hello.jsp
}
}
参考：
[第一个SpringMVC！]
SpringMVC03：RestFul和控制器
SpringMVC04：数据处理及跳转