nginx 安装
brew install nginx :安装nginx
brew list nginx : 查看nginx 的安装目录
nginx -t :查看nginx 安装目录
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/nginx/1.21.0/bin/nginx -c /opt/homebrew/etc/nginx/nginx.conf : nginx 启动命令
安装目录 -c 指定配置文件启动
nginx 配置的基本解读
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
#负载均衡配置
upstream localhost {
#ip_hash;
server localhost:8180 weight=2;
server localhost:8280;
}
server {
listen 80; #nginx 对外暴露的端口
server_name localhost;#nginx 对外暴露的域名
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
proxy_pass http://localhost; //请求代理的域名
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
include servers/*;
}
nginx 负载的策略
参数配置说明:
fail_timeout | 与max_fails结合使用 |
max_fails | 设置在fail_timeout参数设置的时间内最大失败次数,如果在这个时间内,所有针对该服务器的请求都失败了,那么认为该服务器会被认为是停机了 |
fail_time | 服务器会被认为停机的时间长度,默认为10s |
backup | 标记该服务器为备用服务器。当主服务器停止时,请求会被发送到它这里 |
down | 标记服务器永久停机了 |
负载的策略
1.轮询策略
upstream localhost {
server localhost:8180;
server localhost:8280;
}
对配置的负载,依次向它们进行请求的分发(调用的时候两次进行一次请求位置的更换???是配置的问题吗)
2:weight
upstream localhost {
server localhost:8180 weight=2;
server localhost:8280;
}
权重,默认为1,数字越大,权重越高,权重表示请求被分发到这个服务器上的概率
remark: 适用于服务器之间性能相差较多的情况
3: ip_hash
upstream localhost {
ip_hash;
server localhost:8180 weight=2;
server localhost:8280;
}
对每个请求的ip 进行hash取值,通过对应的范围请求对应的负载服务器,可以保证同一台机器的多次访问均由同一台服务器进行处理
remark:backup 不能与其共用
4: least_conn 最小连接
upstream localhost {
least_conn;
server localhost:8180 weight=2;
server localhost:8280;
}
当负载的服务器资源使用相差较多时,可以保证请求分发在资源占用较少的服务器上