本文介绍Linux 4.4内核宏likely()
和unlikely()
。
文件:include/linux/compiler.h
,定义如下:
#ifdef __GNUC__ #include <linux/compiler-gcc.h> #endif ... # define likely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1) # define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
__builtin_expect
在交叉编译工具链中的文件system.h
(路径:gcc-linaro-7.3.1-2018.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/7.3.1/plugin/include
)中定义,在compiler-gcc.h
文件中引用,如下:
root@ubuntu:/usr/local/gcc-linaro-7.3.1-2018.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/7.3.1/plugin/include# grep -w __builtin_expect system.h /* __builtin_expect(A, B) evaluates to A, but notifies the compiler that #define __builtin_expect(a, b) (a) ((void)(__builtin_expect (!(EXPR), 0) ? __builtin_unreachable (), 0 : 0)) root@ubuntu:/usr/local/gcc-linaro-7.3.1-2018.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/7.3.1/plugin/include# grep -w system.h gcc-plugin.h #include "system.h"
一、功能
功能:判断传入的指针ptr
是否有效。
Linux内核指针包括:有效指针、空指针(NULL)和错误指针。
Linux内核用最后4K空间保存指针的出错码,64位的系统地址为:0xffff ffff ffff f001 ~ 0xffff ffff ffff ffff
。
如果是错误指针,配合PTR_ERR()
函数判断错误代码。
文件:include/uapi/asm-generic/errno-base.h
,定义如下:
#define EPERM 1 /* Operation not permitted */ #define ENOENT 2 /* No such file or directory */ #define ESRCH 3 /* No such process */ #define EINTR 4 /* Interrupted system call */ #define EIO 5 /* I/O error */ #define ENXIO 6 /* No such device or address */ #define E2BIG 7 /* Argument list too long */ #define ENOEXEC 8 /* Exec format error */ #define EBADF 9 /* Bad file number */ #define ECHILD 10 /* No child processes */ #define EAGAIN 11 /* Try again */ #define ENOMEM 12 /* Out of memory */ ...
文件:include/uapi/asm-generic/errno.h
,定义如下:
#define EDEADLK 35 /* Resource deadlock would occur */ #define ENAMETOOLONG 36 /* File name too long */ #define ENOLCK 37 /* No record locks available */ #define ENOSYS 38 /* Invalid system call number */ #define ENOTEMPTY 39 /* Directory not empty */ #define ELOOP 40 /* Too many symbolic links encountered */ ...
文件:include/linux/errno.h
,定义如下:
#define ERESTARTSYS 512 #define ERESTARTNOINTR 513 #define ERESTARTNOHAND 514 /* restart if no handler.. */ #define ENOIOCTLCMD 515 /* No ioctl command */ #define ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK 516 /* restart by calling sys_restart_syscall */ #define EPROBE_DEFER 517 /* Driver requests probe retry */ ...
二、说明
1)inline
:内联函数。内联函数的代码会直接嵌入到调用它的位置,调用几次就嵌入几次。
2)__must_check
:指调用函数一定要处理函数的返回值,否则编译器会给出警告。
3)__force
:表示变量可进行强制转换。
4)unlikely
后续专门介绍。
4)(unsigned long)-MAX_ERRNO
:用补码的方式表示-4095,64位系统为0xffff ffff ffff f001
。
三、示例
文件:drivers/gpu/drm/rockchip/rockchip_drm_drv.c
printk(KERN_ERR" ==== unsigned long 0x%lx \n", (unsigned long)-MAX_ERRNO); ... private->devfreq = devfreq_get_devfreq_by_phandle(dev, 0); printk(KERN_ERR"==== IS_ERR(private->devfreq) %d , private->devfreq %p\n", \ IS_ERR(private->devfreq), private->devfreq); ## 1、判断是否有效指针 if (IS_ERR(private->devfreq)) { ## 2、判断错误码 if (PTR_ERR(private->devfreq) == -EPROBE_DEFER) { parent_np = of_parse_phandle(np, "devfreq", 0); if (parent_np && of_device_is_available(parent_np)) { ... } else { ## 3、运行到此处 dev_info(dev, "dmc is disabled\n"); } } else { ... } ... } ... private->hdmi_pll.pll = devm_clk_get(dev, "hdmi-tmds-pll"); printk(KERN_ERR"==== IS_ERR(private->hdmi_pll.pll) %d , private->hdmi_pll.pll %p\n", \ IS_ERR(private->hdmi_pll.pll), private->hdmi_pll.pll);
程序运行后,相关日志如下:
[ 2.270871] ==== unsigned long 0xfffffffffffff001 [ 2.271322] ==== IS_ERR(private->devfreq) 1 , private->devfreq fffffffffffffdfb [ 2.271993] rockchip-drm display-subsystem: dmc is disabled [ 2.272504] ==== IS_ERR(private->hdmi_pll.pll) 0 , private->hdmi_pll.pll ffffffc0782e6340
通过上面日志可以看出:
1)private->devfreq
值为0xfffffffffffffdfb
(值为-517),对应错误码EPROBE_DEFER
,此时IS_ERR
返回1。
2)private->hdmi_pll.pll
值为0xffffffc0782e6340
,是有效指针,IS_ERR
返回0。