jet
n. 喷气式飞机；喷嘴；喷射；
lag
vi. 走得慢；n. 滞后，间隔
grocery
n. 食品杂货店；食品，杂货
incident
n. 发生的事；事件
concentrate
v. 全神贯注；集中；浓缩；n. 浓缩物
metropolitan
a. 大城市的
deficit
n. 赤字，亏损
poll
n. 民意测验；政治选举 vt. 对…进行民意测验；获得
reveal
vt. 揭露；展现
disturbance
n. 打扰；混乱；心神不安
immune
a. 免疫的；不受影响的；豁免的
undo
vt. 解开；取消
fluid
n. 流体；a. 流动的
susceptible
a. 易受影响的；过敏的；能经受的
infect
vt. 传染；影响
appetite
n. 胃口；欲望
suppress
vt. 镇压；抑制；
destination
n. 目的地；目标
intersection
n. 道路交叉口
tame
a. 驯服的；沉闷的；vt. 制服；驯化
cavity
n. 洞，穴；龋洞
grant
n. 拨款；vt. 授予，同意
access
n. 入口；接近；接近的机会；vt. 存取
indifferent
a. 冷漠的；一般的
owing
a. 应付的
garment
n. 衣服
timely
a. 及时的
determination
n. 决心；确定
handicap
n. 缺陷；障碍；vt. 妨碍
elementary
a. 基本的；初级的
curriculum
n. 课程，全部课程
capable
a. 有能力的
statesman
n. 国务活动家，政治家
harsh
a. 严厉的；刺耳的
disguise
vt. 假扮；伪装；掩盖；n.伪装
instantaneous
a. 即刻的
offensive
a. 冒犯的；攻击性的；n. 进攻
foam
n. 泡沫；泡沫材料；vi. 起泡沫
desperate
a. 不顾一切的的；极想望的；绝望的
representative
n. 代表；a.有代表性的
automation
n. 自动化
personality
n. 个性；人物
spit
v. 吐唾沫，吐出；n. 唾液
interview
n./vt. 会见；面试
overlook
vt. 忽略；宽恕；俯瞰
external
a. 外部的
contrary
a.相反的；n.相反事物
exclaim
v. 呼喊，惊叫
prior
a. 优先的，在前的
abnormal
a. 反常的
electrician
n. 电工，电气技师
hypothesis
n. 假说，前提
fracture
v. （使）断裂；n. 裂缝，裂痕
fury
n. 狂怒，暴怒；狂暴，猛烈
scar
n. 伤疤；
glide
vi./n. 滑行，滑动，滑翔
invariably
ad. 不变地，始终如一地，总是
serial
n. 连续剧，连载故事；a. 连续的，顺序排列的
shabby
a. 破旧的；衣衫褴褛的；卑鄙的
gigantic
a. 巨大的，庞大的
invert
vt. 使倒转，使倒置，使颠倒
overhear
vt. 无意中听到，偷听到
majesty
n. （M-）陛下；雄伟，壮丽，庄严
paradise
n. 天堂，乐园
muscular
a. 肌肉发达的，强壮的；（有关）肌（肉）的
usage
n. 使用，用法；惯用法
agreeable
a. 令人愉快的；（欣然）同意的
conceal
vt. 隐藏
pamphlet
n. 小册子
rotary
a. 旋转的，转动的
overt
a. 公开的，不隐蔽的
lubricate
vt. 使润滑
royalty
n. 王族（成员）；版税
mutter
v./n. 轻声低语，小声抱怨
saturate
vt. 使湿透，浸透；使充满，使饱和
imaginary
a. 想象中的
bold
a. 勇敢的；鲁莽的；粗（字）体的
mercy
n. 仁慈；恩惠
circular
a. 圆形的；循环的；n. 通知
accustom
vt. 使习惯于
clarify
vt. 阐明
permission
n. 许可
acute
a. 严重的；敏锐的；急性的；尖的
illusion
n. 幻想；错觉
Conversation 1（00:40）
M: Today our guest is Rosie Mullender, who works as a Features editor for Fashion magazine. Hi Rosie, you are Features editor at one of the most widely read women’s magazines in the U.K. What kind of responsibilities does that job entail【使成为必须、必然导致】?
W: We spend our days looking at ideas from journalists, writing copy for the magazine and website, and editing. We do random things like asking people in the street questions and testing sports clothing. We also do less tangible【明确的、真实的】things like understanding what our readers want. Its certainly varied and sometimes bizarre.
M: During your working day, what kind of work might you typically do?
W: My day mainly incorporates responding to emails, writing and editing stories and coming up with new feature ideas.
M: How does the job of Features editor differ from that of Fashion editor or other editorial positions?
W: The Features team deals with articles such as careers, reports, confidence and confessions【自白、忏悔录】everything except fashion and beauty.
M: A lot of people believe that working at a magazine is a glamorous【迷人的】job. Is this an accurate【准确地】representation of what you do?
W: I’d say its glamorous to an extent【程度、范围、长度】, but not in the way its portrayed in films. We do have our moments, such as interviewing celebrities and attending parties, which is a huge thrill【令人兴奋的】. Ultimately【最终】, though, were the same as our readers, but working in a job we’re all very lucky to have.
M: Did you have to overcome any difficulties to reach this point in your career? How did you manage to do this?
W: I had to be really persistent and it was very hard work. After three years of working in a petrol【汽油】station and doing unpaid work, I still hadn’t managed to get an entry-level【入门的、初级的】job. I was lucky that my last desperate attempt led to a job【我很幸运，我最后一次绝望的尝试找到了工作】. I told myself that all experiences make you a better journalist【新闻工作者】in the long run and luckily I was right!
1 What is the woman’s profession?
2 What is one of the woman’s main responsibilities?
3 What do many people think about the woman’s job?
4 What helped the woman to get her current position?
street【街道】
stress【紧张、强调】
Conversation 2（4:15-）
W: Are you watching any good shows these days?
M: Actually, yes. I’m watching a great satire called Frankie. I think you’d like it.
W: Really? Whats it about?
M: Its about a real guy named Frankie. He is a famous comedian【喜剧演员】in New York and shows a mixture of comedy and drama【剧本】loosely【宽松的、轻率的】depicting【描述】his life.
W: I’m sorry, do you mean to say, its a real-life series about a real person? It’s non-fiction, is it?
M: No... Not really, no. Its fiction, as what happens in every episode is made up. However, the lead role is a comedian by the name of Frankie, and he plays himself. So Frankie, in both real life and in the TV show, lives in New York City. He is a comic【滑稽的、好笑的】, is divorced, and has two little daughters. All those things are true, but aside from【除...以外】him, all his friends and family are played by actors. And the plots【情节】and the events that take place are also invented.
W: Oh, I think I see now. That sounds like a very original concept.
M: Yes, it is. In fact, the whole show is written, directed【指导、管理】, edited and produced by him, and is very funny and has won many awards.
W: That’s cool. I will try to download it. I’m watching a comedy called The Big Bang Theory. Its a huge hit around the world.
M: Oh yes. I’ve heard of it, but never actually watched it.
W: Well, then you should check it out【来看看】. Its also very funny. Its about four male scientists and a female waitress【女服务员】. The men are very socially awkward【令人尴尬的，（socially awkward：不会社交的）】but very bright【明亮的、聪明的】. And this is contrasted【对比】 by the lady’s social skills and common sense. The show has been running for over ten years, and some of the actors are practically global super stars. Now that they are such famous celebrities.
5 What does the man think of the satire【讽刺】Frankie he recently watched?
6 What does the man say is special about the satire Frankie?
7 What does the woman say she is going to do with the satire Frankie?
8 What does the woman say about the comedy【喜剧】The Big Bang Theory?
Section B
Passage 1（8:10-）
Related to the use it or lose【用进废退】it law is the keep moving principle. We learn about stagnation【停滞、不景气】from nature. A river that stops moving gets smelly【发臭的】. The same thing happens to people who stop moving, either mentally or physically. Those who play contact sports know that the player who usually gets hurt the most is the one who is standing still【站着不动】.
Of course, you’ll need some time to catch your breath every so often, but the essential massage is keep moving, extending and learning. Ships last a lot longer when they go to sea than when they stay in the harbor【海港、避难所】. The same is true for airplanes. You don’t preserve an airplane by keeping it on the ground. You preserve it by keeping it in service.
We also get to live a long healthy life by staying in service. Longevity statistics reveal that the average person doesn’t last very long after retirement【退休】.The moral【道德、寓意】hear is don’t retire. If a fellow【同事、同学】says I’m 94 years old and I worked all my life, we need to realize, that is how he got to be 94, by staying involved. George Bernard Shaw won a Nobel Prize when he was nearly 70. Benjamin Franklin produced some of his best writings at the age of 84, and Pablo Picasso put brush【刷子、画笔】to canvas【画布】right through his eighties. Isn’t the issue how old we think we are? A bonus with the keep moving principle is that while we keep moving, we don’t have a chance to worry. Hence, we avoid the dreaded【令人畏惧的】paralysis【瘫痪】by analysis.
9 What does the speaker say about players of contact sports?
10 What do longevity【寿命、长寿】statistics reveal about the average person?
11 What bonus【奖金、红利】does the keep moving principle bring us according to the speaker?
Passage 2（11:05-）
In 2014, one in 16【16个就有一个】 Americans visited the hospital emergency【紧急情况】room for home injuries. One of the main causes of these accidents? A wandering mind【走神】! By one estimate, people daydream【做白日梦】through nearly half of their waking hours.
Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think about something other than the task one is doing. For one experiment, researchers developed an app to analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness.They found that the average persons【普通人】mind wandered most frequently(about 65% of the time) during personal activities, such as brushing【刷牙、擦】their teeth and combing【comb 的现在分词：梳理】their hair. Respondents【受访者】minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy.They were more likely to wander toward pleasant topics than unpleasant ones.
How do daydreams affect daydreamers? A wandering mind leaves us vulnerable when driving. In one study, researchers interview 955 people involved in traffic accidents. The majority of them reported having daydream just before the accident.
Yet other research suggests that daydreaming has benefits. Researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about our goals and it also seems to increase creativity. In one experiment, 145 undergraduates completed four unusual use’s tasks, each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for every day object. After the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of participants was assigned【被分配】an undemanding【要求不高的】activity intended to【想要..】cause their minds to wander. When all the participants proceeded to the second pair of tasks, the daydreamers performed 40 percent better than the others.
12 What does the passage say about peoples mind?
13 For what purpose did the researchers develop the new app?
14 How does daydreaming benefit people according to some researchers?
15 What was the finding of the experiment with 145 undergraduates?
Section C
Recording 1（15：00-）
Dating from as far back as the 12th century, they are claimed【声称、断言】to be the rarest【rare的最高级：最珍贵的、最稀有的】historic buildings in western Europe. These buildings offer vital insights【深刻见解】into Scandinavia’s Viking past. But now, with only 30 wooden churches remaining and their condition deteriorating【正在恶化】, experts are working to preserve the structures for future generations【世代】.
Some of these spectacular【壮观的、令人惊叹的】churches are no more than small buildings, barely four meters wide and six meters tall【高的】. Others are much larger structures. They soar【急升、高飞】up to 40 meters into the cold air. Most consist of timber【木材】frames that rest on【停留在、依靠】stone blocks. This means that they have no foundations. Although many of the churches appear from the outside to be complex structures, they normally【通常】feature only a single storey【楼层】but numerous different roof【屋顶】levels.
Staff【全体员工】from the Norwegian government have carried out conservation work on 10 of the churches over the past two years. Most of these churches date from between the 12th and 14th centuries【century的复数：世纪】. Other churches were conserved【保存、保全】in previous years. So far, specialists have worked to add preservative【防腐剂】materials to the churches exteriors【外部】.They also replaced rotting【rot的现在分词形式：腐坏】roots【根、根源】and halted【halt 的过去式：停止】the sinking【sink 的现在分词：抑郁的、下沉】of the churches into the ground. In two cases, huge machines have been used to lift the buildings up to 30 centimeters【厘米】into the air. This was accomplished so that the team could examine and repair the churches original medieval stone blocks. The team plans to return to around a dozen of the buildings to assess progress and consider further action.
The earliest free-standing wooden church was probably built in Norway in around 1080. However, the largest known wooden churches were built from the 1130s onwards【在前面】. This period【一段时间】was one of inter-elite rivalry【竞争】in which nobles【贵族】sought to【seek to：争取】increase their influence by funding the construction of churches and other buildings.
The reason for constructing the buildings from wood is probably that ideally【理想的】proportioned【成比例的】straight【直的】and slender【苗条的、纤细的】timber was available in large quantities in Scandinavia’s vast pine【松树】forests. As wood was so plentiful【丰富的】, it was cheaper to use than the stone used in the buildings of other European cultures. The areas ship-building tradition, partly established by the Vikings, also meant that sophisticated【见多识广的、老练的】carpentry【木器、木工】was a major aspect of the local culture. The complex style of the medieval wooden church carvings【雕刻品】, and the skills used to make them, almost certainly derive from【源于】the ancient Viking tradition.
16 What does the speaker say about the Viking wooden【木制的】churches?
17 What is special about most of the Viking wooden churches?
18 Why were the Viking churches constructed from wood?
generations【世代】
generate【产生】
Recording 2（19：05-）
In last weeks lecture, we discussed the characteristics of the newly born offspring of several mammals【哺乳类】. You probably remember that human infants are less developed physically than other mammals of the same age. But in today’s lecture, well look at three very interesting studies that hint【暗示】at the surprising abilities of human babies.
In the first study, 3-year-olds watch two videos shown side by side, each featuring a different researcher, one of whom they’d met once, two years earlier. The children spent longer watching the video showing the researcher they hadn’t met. This is consistent with young children’s usual tendency to look longer at things that aren’t familiar.And really this is amazing! It suggests the children remembered the researcher they’d met just one time when they were only one-year-olds. Of course, as most of us forget memories from our first few years as we grow older,these early long-term memories will likely be lost in subsequent years.
Our second study is about music. For this study researchers played music to babies through speakers located on either side of a human face.They waited until the babies got bored【无聊的、厌倦的】and inverted【倒转的】their gaze【凝视】from the face. And then they changed the mood of the music either from sad to happy, or the other way around. This mood switch made no difference to the 3-month-olds, but for the 9-month-olds it was enough to renew【重新唤起】their interest and they started looking again in the direction of the face. This suggests that babies of that age can tell the difference between a happy melody【曲调】and a sad tune【曲调】.
Our final study is from 1980, but its still relevant【相关的、正确的】today. In fact, its one of the most famous pieces of research about infant emotion ever published. The study involved ordinary adults watching video clips【夹子、剪下来的东西】of babies 9-month or younger. In the video clips, the babies made various facial【面部的】expressions in response to real life events, including playful【开玩笑的、幽默的】interactions and painful ones. The adult observers were able to reliably【可靠的】discern【觉察出】an assortment【各种各样的】of emotions on the babies faces. These emotions included interest, joy, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust【反感、厌恶】, contempt【轻视、蔑视】, and fear. Next week, we‘ll be looking at this last study more closely. In fact, we will be viewing some of the video clips from that study. And together, see how well we do in discerning the babies emotions.
19 What are the three interesting studies about?
20 What does the second study find about 9-month-old babies?
21 What is the 1980 study about?
Recording 3（23:22）
Today I’d like to talk about the dangers of being too collaborative. Being a good team player is a central skill in our modern workplace.The ability to work well with others and collaborate on projects is a sought-after【受欢迎的】ability in nearly every position. However, placing too much emphasis【强调】on being a good team player can negatively affect your career growth.
Don’t be overly focused on gaining consensus【一致看法、共识】. Don’t be too concerned with the opinions of others.This can hinder your ability to make decisions,speak up and gain recognition for your individual skills and strengths.Some people are too subordinate【下属、使服从】to others opinions, too focused on decision consensus, too silent【沉默的、安静的】about their own point of view, too agreeable to take things on when they don’t have time or energy.This leads to building a brand of【一个...的品牌】under confident【不自信】, submissive【顺从的】,low-impact【低影响力】non-leaders and hampers【妨碍】their growth and career advancement.
Collaboration certainly makes your individual competencies【能力】and contributions more difficult for outsiders【局外人】to identify. Collaborative projects mean you’re sharing the spotlight【聚光灯】with others. Outsiders may then find it difficult to determine your contributions and strengths.This may end up costing you opportunities for promotions or pay raises.
You certainly shouldn’t ditch【挖沟、抛弃】teamwork, but how can you avoid the hazards【危险、障碍】of being an over-collaborator? Working in a team can have huge benefits. Your team may have repeated successes and often gain recognition【承认、接收、认出】.You then have more opportunities to expand your professional network than if you worked alone. However, finding a balance between team efforts and individual projects that give you independent recognition is important for making a name for yourself and providing opportunities for advancement.
Be selective in who you work with. This will maximize the benefits and minimize the downsides of being a team player. Collaborate with people who have complementary【互补的】expertise. Select projects where there’s potential for mutual【相互的、彼此的】benefit. Perhaps you’re bringing your unique knowledge and gaining access to someone else’s professional network. Or maybe you’re able to learn a new skill by working with someone. Seek out your teammates purposefully【有目的的】rather than jumping on every new group project opportunity【机会】.
When were too collaborative, we want everyone to agree with a decision before we proceed.This can create unnecessary delays as you hold meetings trying to achieve consensus.Its fine to be collaborative when seeking input,but put a deadline on the input stage and arrive at a decision,even if its a decision that doesn’t have consensus.
22 What does the speaker say about being over collaborative?
23 What does the speaker say about people engaged in collaborative projects?
24 How do people benefit from working in a team?
25 Why is it undesirable【不受欢迎的】to spend too much time trying to reach consensus?