nurture
vt./n. 养育，培育
steer
vt. 驾驶
estate
n. 财产
tender
a. 疼痛的；温柔的
enlighten
vt. 启发
quit
v. 停止，放弃；离开
summit
n. 最高点；最高级会议；顶峰
surf
v. 冲浪；上网浏览信息；
generous
a. 慷慨的；大量的
sightseeing
n. 观光
champagne
n. 香槟酒
entertain
v. 款待；给…娱乐
refrain
vi. 抑制；n. 叠句
correspondence
n. 信件；通信；
resolution
n. 决议；决心；解决；分辨率
evaporate
vi. 蒸发
discount
n. 折扣；漠视
instant
a. 立刻的；紧急的；n. 瞬间
miserable
a. 痛苦的；令人难受的
trap
n. 陷阱；圈套；
shatter
vt. 使粉碎；使破灭；vi. 碎裂
enclose
vt. 围住；把…装入信封
heroic
a. 英雄的，英勇的
clip
n. 夹子；剪
devise
vt. 发明
venture
n. 风险投资；v. 冒险；敢于
stroke
n. 中风
apart
ad. 相间隔；分开
dread
vt./n. 担忧，畏惧
inflation
n. 通货膨胀；膨胀
stem
n. 茎、干
misery
n. 痛苦
liberate
vt. 解放；释出
extravagant
a. 奢侈的
cling
vi.（to）紧紧抓住（或抱住）；黏着；
elastic
n. 橡皮圈；a. 有弹性的；灵活的
skim
vi. 浏览，略读
dip
vt. 浸，蘸；
editorial
a. 编辑的
setback
n. 挫折，阻碍
gracious
a. 有礼貌的、和蔼的；优美的
imaginative
a. 富有想象力的
portray
vt. 描写，描绘
barren
a. （土地等）贫瘠的；不结果实的，不（生）育的；
corrupt
a. 腐败的，vt. 腐蚀，使堕落
recipe
n. 烹饪法，食谱；方法，秘诀
disclose
vt. 透露
embody
vt. 使具体化，体现；包括，包含
indignation
n. 愤怒
feast
n. 盛宴，筵席；
erase
vt. 擦掉，抹去，清除
administer
vt. 掌管；执行
scrutiny
n. 详细检查，仔细观察
gleam
vi./n. 闪亮，闪烁；
pore
n. 毛孔，细孔；
whirl
n. 旋转；混乱
repay
vt. 归还；报答
embark
vi. 上船（或飞机等）；（on,；upon）开始工作
听力
Section A
Conversation 1.（00:42-）
W: Hi, my name is Kathy. Nice to meet you!
M: Nice to meet you, too, Kathy. My name is John. I'm a university friend of the bride【新娘】. What about you? Who do you know at this party?
W: I am a colleague of Brenda. I was a little surprised to be invited, to be honest. We've only been working together the last six months, but we quickly became good friends. We just wrapped up【结束】a project with a difficult client【客户】last week. I bet Brenda is glad it's done with【我打赌布伦达很高兴这事结束了】, and she can focus on wedding【婚礼】preparations.
M: Oh,yes.So you're Kathy from the office. Actually,I've heard a lot about you and that project. The client sounded like a real nightmare【噩梦】!
W: Oh,he was. I mean we deal with all kinds of people on a regular basis. It's part of the job, but he was especially particular【特定的、特殊的】, enough about that【别说了】. What line of work are you in?【你是做什么工作的？】
M: Well, right out of college【刚从大学毕业】, I worked in advertising for a while. Recently, though, I turn my photography hobby into a small business. I'll actually be taking photos during the big event as a wedding gift.
W: That sounds wonderful and very thoughtful【考虑周到的】of you, I bake, just as a hobby. But Brandon has asked me to do the cake for the wedding, I was a bit nervous saying yes, because I'm far from a professional.
M: Did you bake the cookies here at the party tonight?
W: Yes, I got the idea from a magazine【杂志、期刊】.
M: They are delicious! You've got nothing to worry about. You're natural.
W: You really think so?
M: If you hadn't told me that, I would have guessed they were backed【背后被...支持】by a restaurant. You know, with our event planning experience, you could very well open your own shop【以我们的活动策划经验，你完全可以开一家自己的店】.
W: One step at a time【一步一步来】. First, I'll see how baking the wedding cake goes, if it's not a disaster【灾难】, maybe I will give it some more thought.
1.What did Kathy and Brenda finish doing last week?
2.What is John going to do for Brenda?
3.How did Kathy feel when asked to bake【烤、烘】the cake?
4.What does the man suggest the woman do?
Conversation 2.（3：55-7:30）
M: You're heading for【前往】a completely different world now that you're about to【即将】graduate from high school.
W: I know it's the end of high school, but many of my classmates are going on to the same University, and we are still required to study hard. So what's the difference?
M: Many aspects are different here at University. The most important one is that you have to take more individual responsibility for your actions. It's up to your【取决于你】own self-discipline how much effort you put into study. Living in college dormitories【宿舍】, there are no parents to tell you to study harder or stop wasting time. Lecturers have hundreds of students, and they are not going to follow you up or question you if you missed their lectures.
W: Nobody cares, you mean?
M: It's not that nobody is concerned about you. It's just that suddenly at University you are expected to behave like an adult【表现得像个成人】. That means concentrating on the direction of your life in general and your own academic performance specifically【特别是、具体地】.
W: For example?
M: Well, like you need to manage your daily, weekly and monthly schedules so that you will study regularly【定期的、有规律的】. Be sure to attend all classes and leave enough time to finish assignments【作业】and prepare well for examinations.
W: Okay, and what else is different?
M: Well, in college, there are lots of distractions【干扰、分心】and you need to control yourself. You will make interesting friends, but you need only keep the friends who respect your study commitments【承诺】. Also, there are a lot of wonderful clubs, but you shouldn't allocate【分配】 too much time to club activities, unless they are directly related to your study. It's also your choice if you want to go out at night, but you will be foolish【愚蠢的】to let that affect your class performance during the day.
W: Well, I am determined【决心】to do well in University and I guess I am going to have to grow up fast.
5.What does the man say about college students as compared with high schoolers?
6.What are college students expected to do according to the man?
7.What kind of friends does the man suggest the woman make as a college student?
8.What kind of club activities should college students engage in according to the man?
foolish【愚蠢的】
polish【润色、磨光】
Section B
Passage 1.（8:00-）
Most successful people are unorthodox【非传统的】persons whose minds wander【漫游】outside traditional ways of thinking. Instead of trying to refine out formulas, they invent new ones.
When Jean-Claude Killy made the French National Ski Team in the early 1960s he was prepared to work harder than anyone else to be the best. At the crack of dawn【大清早】he would run up the slopes【倾斜、斜坡】with his skin on【赤裸着皮肤】, an unbelievably backbreaking【非常辛劳的】 activity. In the evening, he would do weightlifting【举重】and running. But the other team members were working as hard and long as he was. He realized instinctively【本能的】that simply training harder would never be enough.
Killy then began challenging the basic theories of racing technique. Each week he would try something different to see if he could find a better, faster way down the mountain. His experiments resulted in a new style that was almost exactly opposite【完全相反】the accepted technique of the time【当时】. It involved skiing with his legs apart【拆开、分开】for better balance and sitting back on the skis【滑雪板】when he came to a turn. He also used ski poles【极点、滑雪仗】in an unorthodox way to proper himself as his skied. The explosive【爆炸性的】news style helped cut Killy's racing time dramatically. In 1966 and 1967, he captured virtually【虚拟的、几乎】every major skiing trophy【奖杯】. The next year, he won three gold medals【奖章】in the Winter Olympics, a record in ski racing that has never been topped.
Killy learned an important secret【秘密】shared by many creative people: Innovations don't require genius【天才】, just a willingness【意愿】to question the way things have always been done.
9.What does the speaker say about most successful people?
10.What does the speaker say about Killy's experiments?
11.What is said to be Killy's biggest honor【荣誉】in his skiing career?
wander【漫游】
wonder【想知道、好奇】
Passage 2.（11:10-14：30）
Scientific experiments have demonstrated incredible ways to kill a guinea pig, a small furry【覆盖毛皮的】animal. Emotional upsets【挫折】generate powerful and deadly toxic substance. Blood samples taken from persons experiencing intense【强烈的】fear or anger when injected into guinea pigs have killed them in less than two minutes. Imagine what these poisonous【有毒的】substances can do to your own body.
Every though that you have affects your body chemistry within a split second【一瞬间】. Remember how you feel when you are speeding down the highway and a big truck【卡车】suddenly breaks 20 meters【米】in front of you. A shock wave【挥手、海浪】shoots through your whole system. Your mind produces instead reactions in your body. The toxic substances, that fear, anger, frustration and stress produce not only kill guinea pigs but kill us off in a similar manner. It's impossible to be fearful, anxious, irritated【恼怒】and healthy at the same time. It's not just difficult. It's impossible. Simply put【简单来说】, your body's health is a reflection of your mental health. Sickness will often then be a result of unresolved inner conflicts【冲突】which in time show up in the body.
It is also fascinating how our subconscious mind shapes our health. Do you recall falling sick on a day when you didn't want to go to school? Headache brought on be fear? The mind-body connection is such that if, for example, we want to avoid something, very often our subconscious【潜意识】mind will arrange it. Once we recognize【意识到】that these things happen to us, we are halfway【在中间】to doing something about them.
12.What happens to guinea pigs【豚鼠】when blood samples of angry people are injected into them?
13.What does the speaker say about every thought you have?
14.What does the speaker say is the impossible?
15.What does the passage say about our mind and body?
Section C
Recording 1.
没有什么意思，全文比较模糊
Recording 2.（18：58-）
Every summer, when I top up my selection of summer outfits from the department stores, my eyes would nearly pop out【弹出】of my head. I am overwhelmed with a wide range of different slimming【减肥】products each year. And more shockingly, these products are often advocated by very slim models. Having lived in Asia for almost 10 years now, I've seen various dieting【节食、（diet 的 ing 形式：喂食）】tips【秘诀】 come and go. I remember in Japan, people heading directly to【直接前往】the fruit section in the supermarket when the banana diet was as its peak. Then there was a black tea and oolong tea diet, followed by the soybean【大豆】diet and the tomato juice【饮料】diet. The list goes on and on.
Apart from【除……之外】what people eat, i've also seen many interesting slimming products. In Hong Kong, I've seen girls wrapping their whole body or both legs up with a special type of slimming tape which is supposed to help make them thinner【瘦、细】. But it just reminded me of the roasted【烤的】ham my mother usually puts on the dinner table at Christmas. Then there were the face slimming rollers【压路机、滚筒】 that were said to improve your blood circulation and make your face smaller.
Personally, I do not believe in any of these slimming gadgets and I think I have a very different perspective when it comes to the definition of what is beautiful. Asian women prefer to avoid the sun, because being pale【苍白】of white is considered beautiful, whereas a tanned complexion【棕褐色皮肤】is considered much more beautiful and sexy in the west. It is most certainly shaped【塑造】by a person's culture as well as how they were raised in their childhood. As each summer season approaches, there's no escape from it. But it's not only women who are affected by this pressure to look good. Men aspire to be able to show off their six packs【包裹】or their V-shaped backs【后背】, and there's a growing market of slimming pills aimed at men, too. I think no matter what diets we follow or what slimming products we obsess【使着迷】ourselves with, at the end of the day, there's no magic trick to shape up for the summer. Eat in a balance way and incorporate【包含、合并、组成公司】the right level of physical activity. For me, this still seems to be the best plan.
19.What overwhelms【使不知所措】the speaker when she buys her summer outfits【全套装备】each year?
20.What does the speaker think of girls wrapping【包装材料、包，裹；用……缠绕】their legs up with slimming tape【磁带、胶带】?
21.What does the speaker think affects people's interpretation【理解、解释】of beauty?
Recording 3.（22：50）
Skin may seem like a superficial【粗浅的、表面的】human attribute, but it's the first thing we noticed about anyone we meet, As a zoologist【动物学家】 focusing on the studies of apes and monkeys, I've been studying why humans evolved to become the naked【裸体的】ape【类人猿】, and why skin comes in so many different shades【墨镜】around the world.
We can make a very good estimate from the fossil record that humans probably evolved naked skin around 1.5 million years ago, and meanwhile they mostly lost their coat【外套】of fur【软毛、皮毛】. Today, we have a few patches of hair remaining on various parts of our bodies. But compared with apes and monkeys, we have very little. Basically,we turned our skin darker to serge as a natural sun protector in the place of【在……的地方】the hair we lost.
We think we lost this hair because of the need to keep ourselves cool when we were moving around vigorously【精神旺盛地、有力地】in a hot environment. We can't really lose heat by breathing【呼吸】quickly and loudly like dogs. We have to do it by sweating【出汗】. So we evolved the ability to sweat plentifully【丰富的】and lost most of our fur. Most animals protect themselves from the sun with fur. What we did in our ancestry【祖先】was to produce more permanent natural coloring in our skin cells. This was really an important revolution in human history because it allowed us to continue to evolve in equatorial【赤道的】environment. It really made it possible for us to continue along the path toward modern humans in Africa.
For most of human history, we all had dark skin. What we see today is the product of evolutionary events resulting from the dispersal【分散、传播】of a few human populations out of Africa around 60000 to 70000 years ago. Our species originated【起源于】around 200000 years ago and underwent【undergo的过去分词：经历】tremendous【巨大的】diversification【多元化】——culturally, technologically, linguistically【语言方面的】, artistically【在艺术上】——for 130000 years. After that, a few small populations left Africa to populate【居住于】the rest of the world. These early ancestors of modern Eurasians dispersed into【分散于……中】parts of the world that had more seasonal sunshine and much lower levels of sun radiation【辐射】. It's in these populations that we begin to see real changes in the genetic makeup【组成】of natural coloring.
Today, skin color is evolving in the new mixtures of people coming together and having children with new mixtures of skin color genes. We can see this in almost every large city worldwide. Not only the coloring genes but lots of other genes are getting mixed up,too.
22.What does the speaker mainly talk about?
23.What had probably caused humans to lose most of their hair 1.5 million years ago?
24.What does the speaker say protected early humans from the sun?
25.What happened after humans migrated from Africa to other parts of the world?
organization【组织、机构】
originated【起源于】