Git 的常规操作
文章目录
常规操作
Clone a Repo (在线创建仓库)
git clone [email protected]:jianzhnie/deep_head_pose.git
cd deep_head_pose
touch README.md
git add README.md
git commit -m "add README"
git push -u origin master
Create Repo from Local folder (本地创建仓库)
## create a new repository on the command line
echo "# deep_head_pose" >> README.md
git init
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git remote add origin [email protected]:jianzhnie/deep_head_pose.git
git push -u origin master
Push a Local Repo 上传已经存在的仓库
## push an existing repository from the command line
git remote add origin [email protected]:jianzhnie/deep_head_pose.git
git push -u origin master
Branch 分支操作
# 列出所有本地分支
$ git branch
# 列出所有远程分支
$ git branch -r
# 列出所有本地分支和远程分支
$ git branch -a
# 新建一个分支，但依然停留在当前分支
$ git branch [branch-name]
# 新建一个分支，并切换到该分支
$ git checkout -b [branch]
# 新建一个分支，指向指定commit
$ git branch [branch] [commit]
# 新建一个分支，与指定的远程分支建立追踪关系
$ git branch --track [branch] [remote-branch]
# 切换到指定分支，并更新工作区
$ git checkout [branch-name]
# 切换到上一个分支
$ git checkout -
# 建立追踪关系，在现有分支与指定的远程分支之间
$ git branch --set-upstream [branch] [remote-branch]
# 合并指定分支到当前分支
$ git merge [branch]
# 选择一个commit，合并进当前分支
$ git cherry-pick [commit]
# 删除分支
$ git branch -d [branch-name]
# 删除远程分支
$ git push origin --delete [branch-name]
$ git branch -dr [remote/branch]
Commits 操作
git reset - 撤销commits
Undo local commits, make the committed changes to unstaged status:
git reset --soft HEAD^
Discard all local uncommitted changes:⚠️
git reset --hard
Discard all local unpushed changes: ⚠️
git reset --hard @{
u}
git stash - 保存于恢复工作区
# Save working copy
git stash
# restore working copy
git stash pop
git rebase - 合并commits
Merge commits inside a branch
git rebase -i [startpoint] [endpoint] （前开区间、后闭区间）
Merge commits from current branch to another branch
git rebase [startpoint] [endpoint] --onto [branchName]
git submodules
# Add a submodule to a repo
git submodule add <url> <name>
git add <name>
git commit -m "example comments"
git push
# Pull a repo with its submodules
git pull --recurse-submodules
Alias 简化命令
git config --global alias.co checkout
git config --global alias.br branch
git config --global alias.ci commit
git config --global alias.st status
# then you can use "git co" instead of "git checkout", for example:
git co master
高级操作
保持 forked repository 和官方仓库保持同步更新
例如，我最近 fork 了 mmdetection 官方仓库到我的 github 地址， 修改了部分文件，并且 push 到我的 github 上。过了一段时间， mmdetection 官方仓库有了新的更新， 但是我 fork 的版本没有包含进来，因此我该如何保持我维护的 mmdetection 和官方版本保持同步？
In your local clone of your forked repository, you can add the original GitHub repository as a “remote”. (“Remotes” are like nicknames for the URLs of repositories - origin is one, for example.) Then you can fetch all the branches from that upstream repository, and rebase your work to continue working on the upstream version. In terms of commands that might look like:
Syncing a fork
Step 1
git clone https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection.git
## use git remote to see the origin url
git remote -v
origin https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection.git (fetch)
origin https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection.git (push)
Step 2
## second, change the origin url
git remote set-url origin https://github.com/apulis/ApulisVision.git
## make sure you have modified successful
git remote -v
origin [email protected]:apulis/ApulisVision.git (fetch)
origin [email protected]:apulis/ApulisVision.git (push)
Step 3
Before you can sync, you need to add a remote that points to the upstream repository. You may have done this when you originally forked.
# Add the remote, call it "upstream":
git remote add upstream https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection.git
## make sure you have modified successful
git remote -v
origin [email protected]:apulis/ApulisVision.git (fetch)
origin [email protected]:apulis/ApulisVision.git (push)
upstream https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection.git (fetch)
upstream https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection.git (push)
Fetching
There are two steps required to sync your repository with the upstream: first you must fetch from the remote, then you must merge the desired branch into your local branch.
Fetching from the remote repository will bring in its branches and their respective commits. These are stored in your local repository under special branches.
git fetch upstream
# Grab the upstream remote's branches
remote: Counting objects: 75, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (53/53), done.
remote: Total 62 (delta 27), reused 44 (delta 9)
Unpacking objects: 100% (62/62), done.
From https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection
* [new branch] master -> upstream/master
We now have the upstream’s master branch stored in a local branch, upstream/master
git branch -va
* master 22d2612 Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'
remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master
remotes/origin/master 22d2612 Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'
remotes/upstream/master 7f0c4d0 fix sampling result method typo (#3224)
Merging
Now that we have fetched the upstream repository, we want to merge its changes into our local branch. This will bring that branch into sync with the upstream, without losing our local changes.
$ git checkout master
# Check out our local master branch
Switched to branch 'master'
$ git merge upstream/master
# Merge upstream's master into our own
Updating a422352..5fdff0f
Fast-forward
README | 9 -------
README.md | 7 ++++++
2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 README
create mode 100644 README.md
If your local branch didn’t have any unique commits, git will instead perform a “fast-forward”:
$ git merge upstream/master
Updating 34e91da..16c56ad
Fast-forward
README.md | 5 +++--
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)